Khansa ya kumatako

Khansa ya kumatako ndi khansa yomwe imayamba kutuluka. Anus ndi kutsegula kumapeto kwa rectum yanu. Thumbo ndilo gawo lomaliza la m'matumbo anu akulu momwe zimasungidwa zinyalala zolimba kuchokera pachakudya (chopondapo). Chopondapo chimasiya thupi lanu kupyola mu chotupa mukamayenda m'matumbo.

Khansa ya kumatako imapezeka kawirikawiri. Imafalikira pang'onopang'ono ndipo imakhala yosavuta kuchiza isanafike.

Khansara ya kumatako imatha kuyamba kulikonse kumatako. Komwe imayambira kumatsimikizira mtundu wa khansa yomwe ili.

• Squamous cell carcinoma. Uwu ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya kumatako. Imayamba m'maselo omwe amayandikira ngalande ya kumatako ndikukula kukhala minofu yakuya.
• Cloacogenic carcinoma. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya khansa ya kumatako ndi zotupa zomwe zimayambira m'maselo oyenda pakati pa anus ndi rectum. Cloacogenic carcinoma imawoneka mosiyana ndi khansa ya squamous cell, koma imachita chimodzimodzi ndipo imachitidwanso chimodzimodzi.
• Adenocarcinoma. Khansa yamtunduwu imapezeka kawirikawiri ku United States. Zimayambira m'matumbo a kumatako kumunsi kwa kumatako ndipo nthawi zambiri imakulira kwambiri ikapezeka.
• Khansa yapakhungu. Khansa zina zimapangidwa kunja kwa anus mdera la perianal. Malowa ndi khungu. Zotupa apa ndi khansa yapakhungu ndipo amathandizidwa ngati khansa yapakhungu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya kumatako sizikudziwika bwinobwino. Komabe, pali ulalo pakati pa khansa ya kumatako ndi kachilombo ka papillomavirus kapena kachilombo ka HPV. HPV ndi kachilombo ka HIV komwe kamalumikizidwa ndi khansa ina.

Zina mwaziwopsezo zazikulu ndi monga:

• Matenda a HIV / AIDS. Khansara ya kumatako imakonda kupezeka pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi HIV / AIDS omwe amagonana ndi amuna anzawo.
• Zochita zogonana. Kukhala ndi zibwenzi zambiri ndikugonana kumatako ndizoopsa zazikulu. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a HPV ndi HIV / AIDS.
• Kusuta. Kusiya kumachepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha khansa ya kumatako.
• Chitetezo chofooka. HIV / AIDS, kuziika ziwalo, mankhwala ena, ndi zina zomwe zimafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu.
• Zaka. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya kumatako ali ndi zaka 50 kapena kupitilira apo. Nthawi zambiri, zimawoneka mwa anthu ochepera zaka 35.
• Kugonana ndi mtundu. Khansara ya kumatako imakonda kwambiri azimayi kuposa amuna m'magulu ambiri. Amuna ambiri aku Africa American amatenga khansa ya kumatako kuposa akazi.

Kutuluka magazi, nthawi zambiri kumakhala zazing'ono, ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyamba za khansa ya kumatako. Nthawi zambiri, munthu amalakwitsa amaganiza kuti kutuluka magazi kumayambitsidwa ndi zotupa.

Zizindikiro zina zoyambirira ndi izi:

• Bulu mkati kapena pafupi ndi nyerere
• Kumva kupweteka
• Kuyabwa
• Kutuluka kuchokera kumtunda
• Sinthani zizolowezi zamatumbo
• Kutupa ma lymph nodes mu groin kapena anal dera

Khansara ya kumatako imapezeka nthawi zambiri ndi mayeso a digito (DRE) panthawi yoyezetsa thupi.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzafunsa za mbiri yanu yazaumoyo, kuphatikiza mbiri yakugonana, matenda am'mbuyomu, komanso zizolowezi zanu. Mayankho anu atha kuthandiza othandizira anu kuti amvetsetse zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya kumatako.

Wothandizira anu angafunse mayesero ena. Zitha kuphatikiza:

• Chidziwitso
• Proctoscopy
• Ultrasound
• Chisokonezo

Ngati kuyezetsa kulikonse kukuwonetsa kuti muli ndi khansa, omwe amakupatsani mwayi woyeserera angayesenso zambiri kuti "athetse" khansa. Kuyika masitepe kumathandizira kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa khansa mthupi lanu komanso ngati yafalikira.

Momwe khansara idapangidwira imatsimikizira momwe amathandizira.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya kumatako chimachokera pa:

• Gawo la khansa
• Kumene kuli chotupacho
• Kaya muli ndi HIV / AIDS kapena zina zomwe zimafooketsa chitetezo chamthupi
• Kaya khansara yakana chithandizo choyambirira kapena yabwerera

Nthaŵi zambiri, khansara ya kumatako yomwe siinafalikire imatha kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala a radiation ndi chemotherapy limodzi. Poizoni yekha akhoza kuchiza khansa. Koma kuchuluka kwakukulu komwe kumafunikira kumatha kuyambitsa kufa kwamatenda ndi minofu yofiyira. Kugwiritsa ntchito chemotherapy ndi radiation kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa radiation yomwe ikufunika. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pochiza khansa ndi zovuta zochepa.

Kwa zotupa zazing'ono kwambiri, opaleshoni yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito, m'malo mwa radiation ndi chemotherapy.

Ngati khansa imatsalira pambuyo pa radiation ndi chemotherapy, opaleshoni imafunika nthawi zambiri. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kuchotsa anus, rectum, ndi gawo la colon. Kutha kwatsopano kwamatumbo akulu kumalumikizidwa ndi kotsegulira (stoma) m'mimba. Njirayi imatchedwa colostomy. Ndowe zomwe zimadutsa m'matumbo zimadutsa mu stoma kupita m'thumba lomwe lili pamimba.

Khansa imakhudza momwe mumadzionera nokha komanso moyo wanu. Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akukumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kumatha kukuthandizani kuti musamve nokha.

Mutha kufunsa omwe amakuthandizani kapena ogwira ntchito kuchipatala kuti akutumizireni ku gulu lothandizira khansa.

Khansara ya kumatako imafalikira pang'onopang'ono. Ndi chithandizo choyambirira, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya kumatako alibe khansa pambuyo pazaka zisanu.

Mutha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zochitidwa opaleshoni, chemotherapy, kapena radiation.

Onani omwe akukuthandizani mukawona zina mwazizindikiro za khansa ya kumatako, makamaka ngati muli ndi zina mwaziwopsezo zake.

Popeza chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya kumatako sichikudziwika, sikutheka kuchipeweratu. Koma mutha kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu.

• Chitani zogonana motetezeka kuti muteteze matenda a HPV ndi HIV / AIDS. Anthu omwe amagonana ndi anthu ambiri ogonana nawo kapena amagonana mosadziteteza ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kumatha kukutetezani, koma osakutetezani kwathunthu. Lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani pazomwe mungasankhe.
• Funsani omwe amakupatsani za katemera wa HPV ngati mukuyenera kulandira.
• Osasuta. Mukasuta, kusiya kumachepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha khansa ya kumatako komanso matenda ena.

Khansa - chotulukira; Squamous cell carcinoma - kumatako; Khansa ya HPV - kumatako

Hallemeier CL, Haddock MG. Matenda a carcinoma. Mu: Tepper JE, Foote RL, Michalski JM, olemba. Chipatala cha Gunderson & Tepper's Radiation Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: mutu 59.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo cha khansa ya anal - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/anal/hp/anal-kuchiza-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Januware 22, 2020. Idapezeka pa Okutobala 19, 2020.

Shridhar R, Shibata D, Chan E, Thomas CR. Khansara ya kumatako: miyezo yaposachedwa pakusamalira komanso kusintha kwaposachedwa. CA Khansa J Clin. 2015; 65 (2): 139-162. PMID: 25582527 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25582527/.