Echocardiogram - ana

Echocardiogram ndi mayeso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde akumveka kuti apange zithunzi za mtima. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ana kuthandizira kuzindikira zofooka za mtima zomwe zimakhalapo pakubadwa (kobadwa nako). Chithunzicho chimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane kuposa chithunzi cha x-ray wamba. Echocardiogram siimapereka ana ku radiation.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wa mwana wanu atha kukayezetsa kuchipatala, kuchipatala, kapena kuchipatala. Zojambulajambula za ana zimachitika mwina ndi mwanayo atagona kapena kugona m'manja mwa kholo lawo. Njira iyi ingawathandize kuwatonthoza ndikuwasungitsa bata.

Pa mayesero onsewa, wojambula zithunzi wophunzitsidwa bwino amayesa. Katswiri wamatenda amatanthauzira zotsatirazo.

ZOKHUDZA KWAMBIRI (TTE)

TTE ndi mtundu wa echocardiogram womwe ana ambiri amakhala nawo.

• Wopanga sonographer amayika gel osamba nthiti za mwana pafupi ndi chifuwa cha m'mawere mozungulira mtima. Chida chogwiridwa ndi dzanja, chotchedwa transducer, chimakanikizidwa pa gel osakaniza pachifuwa cha mwanayo ndikulunjika kumtima. Chida ichi chimatulutsa mafunde akumveka kwambiri.
• Transducer amatenga mkokomo wa mafunde akumveka kuchokera kumtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
• Makina a echocardiography amasintha zikhumbozi kukhala zithunzi zosuntha za mtima. Zithunzi zimatengedwa.
• Zithunzi zitha kukhala ziwiri kapena zitatu.
• Njira yonseyi imatenga pafupifupi mphindi 20 mpaka 40.

Chiyesocho chimalola woperekayo kuti aone kugunda kwa mtima. Zimasonyezanso mavavu amtima ndi zinthu zina.

Nthawi zina, mapapo, nthiti, kapena minyewa ya thupi imatha kulepheretsa mafunde akumveka kuti apange chithunzi chomveka cha mtima. Poterepa, sonographer amatha kubaya pang'ono madzi (kusiyanitsa utoto) kudzera mu IV kuti awone bwino mkati mwa mtima.

ZOTHANDIZA ZOKHUDZA KWAMBIRI (TEE)

TEE ndi mtundu wina wa echocardiogram womwe ana akhoza kukhala nawo. Kuyesaku kumachitika ndi mwana yemwe wagona pansi.

• Wopanga sonographeryo adzachita dzanzi kumbuyo kwa khosi la mwana wanu ndikuyika chubu chaching'ono mu chitoliro cha chakudya cha mwana (ezophagus). Mapeto a chubu amakhala ndi chida chothandizira mafunde amawu.
• Mafunde akumveka amawonetsera zomwe zili mumtima ndipo amawonetsedwa pazenera ngati zithunzi za mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
• Chifukwa chakuti khosilo lili kuseli kwa mtima, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mumve bwino za mtima.

Mutha kutenga izi kuti mukonzekeretse mwana wanu izi zisanachitike:

• Musalole mwana wanu kudya kapena kumwa chilichonse asanakhale ndi TEE.
• Osagwiritsa ntchito kirimu kapena mafuta pamwana wanu mayeso asanafike.
• Fotokozerani mayeso mwatsatanetsatane kwa ana okulirapo kuti amvetsetse kuti ayenera kukhala chete pakamayesedwa.
• Ana aang'ono ochepera zaka 4 angafunike mankhwala (sedation) kuwathandiza kuti akhale chete pazithunzi zowonekera.
• Apatseni ana okulirapo kuposa zaka 4 choseweretsa choseweretsa kapena muwawonetse makanema kuti awathandize kukhala odekha komanso poyeserera.

• Mwana wanu amafunika kuchotsa zovala zilizonse mchiuno mpaka kugona patebulopo.
• Maelekitirodi adzaikidwa pachifuwa cha mwana wanu kuti ayang'ane kugunda kwa mtima.
• Gel yaikidwa pa chifuwa cha mwana. Kungakhale kozizira. Mutu wa transducer umakanikizidwa ndi gel. Mwanayo atha kumva kukakamizidwa chifukwa cha wopitilira.
• Ana aang'ono amatha kukhala opanda nkhawa panthawi yamayeso. Makolo ayenera kuyesetsa kuti mwana akhale wodekha poyesa.

Kuyesaku kumachitika kuti muwone momwe ntchitoyo imagwirira, mavavu amtima, mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi, komanso zipinda zamtima wa mwana kuchokera kunja kwa thupi.

• Mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikilo kapena zizindikilo za mavuto amtima.
• Izi zingaphatikizepo kupuma pang'ono, kusakula bwino, kutupa kwamiyendo, kung'ung'uza mtima, mtundu wabuluu pamilomo mukamalira, kupweteka pachifuwa, malungo osadziwika, kapena majeremusi omwe akukula poyesa chikhalidwe cha magazi.

Mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha mavuto amtima chifukwa cha mayeso abwinobadwa kapena zovuta zina zobadwa zomwe zilipo.

Wothandizira angalimbikitse TEE ngati:

• TTE siyikudziwika bwinobwino. Zotsatira zosamveka bwino zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a chifuwa cha mwana, matenda am'mapapo, kapena mafuta owonjezera amthupi.
• Gawo lamtima liyenera kuyang'aniridwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Zotsatira zabwinobwino zimatanthawuza kuti palibe zolakwika m'magetsi am'mimba kapena zipinda ndipo pali mayendedwe aboma amtima.

Echocardiogram yachilendo mwa mwana imatha kutanthauza zinthu zambiri. Zotsatira zina zachilendo ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo sizowopsa. Zina ndi zizindikiro za matenda aakulu a mtima. Poterepa, mwana adzafunika mayeso ena ndi katswiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukambirana za zotsatira za echocardiogram ndi omwe amakupatsani mwana wanu.

Echocardiogram ingathandize kuzindikira:

• Ma valve amtima osazolowereka
• Nyimbo zosadziwika bwino zamtima
• Zolephera zakubadwa za mtima
• Kutupa (pericarditis) kapena madzimadzi m'thumba mozungulira mtima (pericardial effusion)
• Kutenga kapena kuzungulira ma valve amtima
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi m'mapapu
• Mtima umatha kupopa bwino
• Gwero la magazi atagwidwa ndi stroke kapena TIA

TTE mwa ana alibe chiopsezo chilichonse chodziwika.

TEE ndi njira yovuta. Pakhoza kukhala zoopsa ndi mayeso awa. Lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani za zoopsa zomwe zingachitike poyesedwa.

Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) - ana; Echocardiogram - transthoracic - ana; Doppler ultrasound ya mtima - ana; Pamwamba echo - ana

Campbell RM, Douglas PS, Eidem BW, Lai WW, Lopez L, Sachdeva R. ACC / AAP / AHA / ASE / HRS / SCAI / SCCT / SCMR / SOPE 2014 njira zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito koyambirira kwa transthoracic echocardiography kuchipatala cha ana achipatala: lipoti a American College of Cardiology App Use Use Criteria Task Force, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, ndi Society of Pediatric Echocardiography. J Ndine Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64 (19): 2039-2060. PMID: 25277848 [Adasankhidwa]

Solomon SD, Wu JC, Gillam L, Bulwer B. Zojambulajambula. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed.Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chaputala 14.

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Matenda obadwa nawo mumtima mwa wamkulu komanso wodwala. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 75.