Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) Yodziwika Kwambiri: Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa ADEM?
• Kodi amapezeka bwanji?
• Amachizidwa bwanji?
• Kodi ADEM imasiyana bwanji ndi MS?
• Momwe alili ofanana
• Momwe iwo aliri osiyana
• Ndikuyembekezera chiyani?
• Kodi ADEM ingapewe?

Chidule

ADEM ndiyachidule chifukwa cha encephalomyelitis.

Matenda amtunduwu amaphatikizapo kutupa kwakukulu mkatikati mwa manjenje. Zitha kuphatikizira ubongo, msana, ndipo nthawi zina mitsempha yamawonedwe.

Kutupa kumatha kuwononga myelin, chinthu choteteza chomwe chimamanga ulusi wamitsempha mkati mwa dongosolo lonse lamanjenje.

ADEM imachitika padziko lonse lapansi komanso m'mitundu yonse. Zimachitika kawirikawiri m'miyezi yachisanu ndi masika.

Pafupifupi 1 mwa anthu 125,000 mpaka 250,000 amapanga ADEM chaka chilichonse.

Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Oposa 50 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi ADEM amadwala m'masabata awiri apitawa. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala bakiteriya kapena kachilombo koyambitsa matenda opatsirana, koma amatha kukhala matenda amtundu uliwonse.

Zizindikiro zimabwera mwadzidzidzi ndipo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• malungo
• mutu
• khosi lolimba
• kufooka, dzanzi, ndi kumva kulira kwa mikono kapena miyendo
• mavuto moyenera
• Kusinza
• kusawona bwino kapena masomphenya awiri chifukwa cha kutupa kwa mitsempha yamawonedwe (optic neuritis)
• kuvuta kumeza ndi kuyankhula
• mavuto a chikhodzodzo kapena matumbo
• chisokonezo

Sizachilendo, koma ADEM imatha kubweretsa kugwa kapena kukomoka.

Nthawi zambiri, zizindikilo zimatha masiku ochepa ndikusintha ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Pazovuta kwambiri, zizindikilo zimatha miyezi ingapo.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa ADEM?

Zomwe zimayambitsa ADEM sizikudziwika.

ADEM ndiyosowa, ndipo aliyense akhoza kuyipeza. Ndizotheka kukhudza ana kuposa achikulire. Ana ochepera zaka 10 amaimira 80 peresenti ya milandu ya ADEM.

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika sabata kapena awiri mutadwala. Mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi matenda ena onse adalumikizidwa ndi ADEM.

Nthawi zina, ADEM imayamba katemera, makamaka yemwe amakhala ndi chikuku, ntchintchi, ndi rubella. Zotsatira za chitetezo cha mthupi zimayambitsa kutupa m'katikati mwa manjenje. Zikatero, zimatha kutenga miyezi itatu katemera atayamba kuonekera.

Nthawi zina, palibe katemera kapena umboni wa matenda asanafike matenda a ADEM.

Kodi amapezeka bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zamitsempha zogwirizana ndi ADEM, dokotala wanu adzafuna kudziwa ngati mwadwala m'masabata angapo apitawa. Afunanso mbiri yakale yazachipatala.

Palibe mayeso amodzi omwe angadziwitse ADEM. Zizindikiro zimafanana ndi zomwe siziyenera kuchitidwa. Matendawa atengera zizindikilo zanu, kuwunika kwakuthupi, ndi mayeso a matenda.

Mayeso awiri omwe angathandize ndi matendawa ndi awa:

MRI: Zoyeserera za kuyesaku kosavomerezeka zitha kuwonetsa kusintha kwa zoyera muubongo ndi msana. Zilonda kapena kuwonongeka kwa zoyera kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha ADEM, koma zitha kuwonetsanso matenda aubongo, chotupa, kapena multiple sclerosis (MS).

Lumbar punct (mpopi wapamphepete): Kufufuza kwa msana wanu kumatha kudziwa ngati zizindikilo zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda. Kukhalapo kwa mapuloteni achilendo otchedwa oligoclonal band kumatanthauza kuti MS ndiye omwe amapezeka kwambiri.

Amachizidwa bwanji?

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuchepetsa kutupa m'katikati mwa manjenje.

ADEM nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala a steroid monga methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol). Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kwa masiku asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri. Mwinanso mungafunike kumwa steroids, monga prednisone (Deltasone), kwa kanthawi kochepa. Kutengera malingaliro a dokotala wanu, izi zitha kukhala kulikonse kuyambira masiku ochepa mpaka masabata angapo.

Mukakhala pa steroids, muyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza kulawa kwazitsulo, kutupa kwa nkhope, ndi kutsuka. Kunenepa komanso kuvuta kugona ndizotheka.

Ngati ma steroids sagwira ntchito, njira ina ndi intravenous immune globulin (IVIG). Amaperekedwanso kudzera m'mitsempha kwa masiku pafupifupi asanu. Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizira matenda, kusagwirizana, komanso kupuma movutikira.

Pazovuta zazikulu, pali mankhwala otchedwa plasmapheresis, omwe nthawi zambiri amafuna kukhala mchipatala. Njirayi imasefa magazi anu kuti muchotse ma antibodies owopsa. Itha kuyenera kubwerezedwa kangapo.

Ngati simukuyankha mankhwala aliwonsewa, chemotherapy imatha kuganiziridwa.

Potsatira chithandizo, dokotala wanu angafune kupanga MRI yotsatila kuti atsimikizire kuti kutupa kuli m'manja.

Kodi ADEM imasiyana bwanji ndi MS?

ADEM ndi MS ndi ofanana kwambiri, koma munthawi yochepa.

Momwe alili ofanana

Zonsezi zimakhudzana ndi mayankho achilengedwe omwe amakhudza myelin.

Zonsezi zingayambitse:

• kufooka, dzanzi, ndi kumva kulira kwa mikono kapena miyendo
• mavuto moyenera
• kusawona bwino kapena masomphenya awiri
• mavuto a chikhodzodzo kapena matumbo

Poyamba, zitha kukhala zovuta kusiyanitsa pa MRI. Zonsezi zimayambitsa kutupa ndi kuchotsedwa m'thupi mkati mwa dongosolo lamanjenje.

Onsewa amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi steroids.

Momwe iwo aliri osiyana

Ngakhale kufanana, izi ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana kwambiri.

Chidziwitso chimodzi cha matendawa ndi chakuti ADEM ikhoza kuyambitsa malungo ndi chisokonezo, zomwe sizodziwika mu MS.

ADEM imakonda kukhudza amuna, pomwe MS imakonda kwambiri amayi. ADEM ndiyothekanso kuchitika muubwana. MS nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuti akadali achikulire.

Chodziwika kwambiri ndikuti ADEM nthawi zambiri imangochitika yokha. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi MS amakhala ndi ziwopsezo zobwerezabwereza zotupa zamkati. Umboni wa izi ukuwoneka pazotsatira za MRI zotsatila.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti chithandizo cha ADEM ndichinthu chanthawi imodzi. Kumbali inayi, MS ndi matenda osatha omwe amafunikira kuwongolera matenda nthawi zonse. Pali mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amasintha kuti achepetse kukula.

Ndikuyembekezera chiyani?

Nthawi zambiri, ADEM imatha kupha. Oposa 85 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi ADEM amachira kwathunthu m'milungu yochepa. Ambiri amachira pakangopita miyezi yochepa. Mankhwala a Steroid amatha kufupikitsa nthawi yomwe akuukira.

Chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu chimasiyidwa ndi kuzindikira pang'ono kapena kusintha kwamakhalidwe, monga kusokonezeka ndi kuwodzera. Akuluakulu akhoza kukhala ndi nthawi yovuta kuchira kuposa ana.

Makumi asanu ndi atatu pa zana a nthawiyo, ADEM imachitika kamodzi. Ngati ibwerera, dokotala wanu angafune kuyesa zina kuti atsimikizire kapena kutulutsa MS.

Kodi ADEM ingapewe?

Chifukwa chifukwa chenichenicho sichikudziwika, palibe njira yodziwira yodziwira.

Nthawi zonse muzinena za dokotala za matenda amitsempha. Ndikofunika kupeza matenda oyenera. Kuchiza kutupa m'katikati mwa manjenje kumatha kuthandizira kupewa zizindikilo zowopsa kapena zosatha.