Kukhumudwa Kwa Achinyamata

Zamkati

• Momwe Mungayang'anire Kukhumudwa Mwa Mwana Wanu
• Kupewa kudzipha
• Nchiyani Chimayambitsa Kutaya Mtima Kwa Achinyamata?
• Kusiyana kwaubongo
• Zochitika Zoyipa Moyo Woyambirira
• Makhalidwe Obadwa
• Mitundu Yaphunziro Yoganiza Molakwika
• Kodi Kukhumudwa Kwa Achinyamata Kumadziwika Bwanji?
• Kuchiza Kukhumudwa Kwa Achinyamata
• Mankhwala
• Kusankha Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Kusankha Serotonin ndi Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Kuchiza matenda
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Tulo
• Zakudya Zoyenera
• Pewani Kafeini Wambiri
• Pewani Mowa
• Kukhala ndi Kukhumudwa Kwa Achinyamata

Kodi Kukhumudwa Kwa Achinyamata Ndi Chiyani?

Matenda omwe amadziwika kuti kupsinjika kwaunyamata, matenda amisala ndi malingaliro awa siosiyana ndi zamankhwala kuchokera pakukhumudwa kwa akulu. Komabe, zizindikilo za achinyamata zitha kudziwonekera m'njira zosiyanasiyana kusiyana ndi akulu chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe achinyamata akukumana nazo. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Kutengera zochita za anzako
• masewera
• kusintha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni
• matupi omwe akutukuka

Matenda okhumudwa amayamba chifukwa cha kupsinjika, nkhawa, komanso pamavuto akulu kwambiri, kudzipha. Zitha kukhudzanso wachinyamata:

• moyo waumwini
• moyo wasukulu
• moyo wa ntchito
• moyo wamagulu
• moyo wabanja

Izi zitha kubweretsa kudzipatula pagulu komanso mavuto ena.

Matenda okhumudwa si chikhalidwe chomwe anthu amatha "kuchokapo," kapena "kusangalala" kuchokera. Ndi matenda enieni omwe angakhudze moyo wa munthu m'njira iliyonse ngati sakuchiritsidwa moyenera.

Momwe Mungayang'anire Kukhumudwa Mwa Mwana Wanu

Akuyerekeza kuchokera ku kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ku American Family Physician akuti mpaka 15 peresenti ya ana ndi achinyamata amakhala ndi zizindikilo zina za kukhumudwa.

Zizindikiro zakukhumudwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti makolo aziwona. Nthawi zina, kukhumudwa kumasokonezeka ndi zomwe zimachitika munthu akamatha msinkhu komanso kusintha kwa achinyamata.

Komabe, kukhumudwa sikungokhala kusungulumwa kapena kusachita chidwi ndi sukulu. Malinga ndi American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), zizindikilo zina zakusokonekera kwachinyamata ndizo:

• owoneka wachisoni, wokwiya msanga, kapena akulira
• kusintha kwa njala kapena kulemera
• kuchepa kwa chidwi pazinthu zomwe mwana wanu adapeza kuti ndizosangalatsa
• kuchepa kwa mphamvu
• zovuta kukhazikika
• kudzimva waliwongo, kudziona ngati wopanda ntchito, kapena kusowa chochita
• kusintha kwakukulu pamachitidwe ogona
• madandaulo okhazikika osungulumwa
• kulankhula zodzipha
• kuchoka kwa abwenzi kapena zochitika zapasukulu
• kuipiraipira magwiridwe antchito pasukulu

Zina mwazizindikirozi sizingakhale zizindikiro zakusokonekera. Ngati mudakulira wachinyamata, mukudziwa kuti kusintha kwa njala nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwachibadwa, makamaka munthawi zokula msanga komanso makamaka ngati mwana wanu akuchita masewera.

Komabe, kuyang'ana posintha zizindikilo ndi machitidwe a mwana wanu kumawathandiza pakafunika thandizo.

Kupewa kudzipha

Ngati mukuganiza kuti wina ali pachiwopsezo chodzivulaza kapena kukhumudwitsa wina:

• Imbani 911 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi yakomweko.
• Khalani ndi munthuyo mpaka thandizo litafika.
• Chotsani mfuti, mipeni, mankhwala, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zitha kuvulaza.
• Mverani, koma osaweruza, kutsutsana, kuopseza, kapena kufuula.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti wina akufuna kudzipha, pezani thandizo kuchokera pamavuto kapena njira yodziletsa yodzipha. Yesani National Suicide Prevention Lifeline pa 800-273-8255.

Magwero: National Suicide Prevention Lifeline ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo ndi Ntchito Zoyang'anira Zaumoyo

Nchiyani Chimayambitsa Kutaya Mtima Kwa Achinyamata?

Palibe chifukwa chimodzi chodziwika cha kukhumudwa kwa achinyamata. Malinga ndi chipatala cha Mayo, zinthu zingapo zimatha kubweretsa kukhumudwa, kuphatikiza:

Kusiyana kwaubongo

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ubongo wa achinyamata ndiwosiyana kwambiri ndi ubongo wa anthu akuluakulu. Achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto lakukhumudwa amathanso kukhala ndi kusiyana kwamahomoni komanso magawo osiyanasiyana a ma neurotransmitters. Ma Neurotransmitters ndi mankhwala ofunikira muubongo omwe amakhudza momwe ma cell am'magazi amalumikizirana komanso amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera momwe azisinthira komanso machitidwe.

Zochitika Zoyipa Moyo Woyambirira

Ana ambiri alibe njira zophunzitsira bwino zopirira. Chochitika chomvetsa chisoni chimatha kusiyiratu kukumbukira. Kutaya kholo kapena nkhanza zakuthupi, zam'maganizo, kapena zakugonana kumatha kusiya zotsatira zaubongo wa mwana zomwe zitha kupangitsa kukhumudwa.

Makhalidwe Obadwa

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kukhumudwa kuli ndi chinthu china chachilengedwe. Zitha kuperekedwa kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana awo. Ana omwe ali ndi wachibale mmodzi kapena angapo omwe ali ndi nkhawa, makamaka kholo, nawonso amakhala ndi nkhawa.

Mitundu Yaphunziro Yoganiza Molakwika

Achinyamata omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa zakukayikira, makamaka kuchokera kwa makolo awo, ndipo amaphunzira kudzimva kuti alibe chochita m'malo mothetsa zovuta, amathanso kukhumudwa.

Kodi Kukhumudwa Kwa Achinyamata Kumadziwika Bwanji?

Kuti mupeze chithandizo choyenera, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti katswiri wazamisala kapena wamaganizidwe azimuwunika, kufunsa mwana wanu mafunso angapo okhudzana ndimikhalidwe, malingaliro, ndi malingaliro awo.

Mwana wanu ayenera kukwaniritsa zomwe zalembedwa kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi vuto lalikulu lachisokonezo, ndipo ayenera kukhala ndi magawo awiri kapena kupitilira apo osachepera milungu iwiri. Magawo awo ayenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro zosachepera zisanu:

• chipwirikiti kapena kufooka kwa psychomotor kozindikiridwa ndi ena
• wokhumudwa nthawi zambiri masana
• kuchepa kwa kuganiza kapena kutchera khutu
• chidwi chotsika pazambiri kapena zochitika zonse
• kutopa
• kudzimva wopanda pake kapena kudziimba mlandu kwambiri
• kusowa tulo kapena kugona kwambiri
• malingaliro obwerezabwereza aimfa
• kuchepa kapena kupindula kwakukulu mwangozi

Katswiri wanu wamaganizidwe amathanso kukufunsani zamakhalidwe ndi malingaliro amwana wanu. Kuwunika kwakuthupi kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuthana ndi zifukwa zina zakumverera kwawo. Matenda ena atha kuthandizanso kukhumudwa.

Kuchiza Kukhumudwa Kwa Achinyamata

Monga momwe kukhumudwa kulibe chifukwa chimodzi, palibe chithandizo chimodzi chothandizira aliyense amene ali ndi vuto. Nthawi zambiri, kupeza chithandizo choyenera ndi njira yoyeserera komanso yolakwika. Zitha kutenga nthawi kuti mudziwe mankhwala omwe akugwira ntchito bwino.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amapangidwa kuti athe kuchepetsa nkhawa. Ena mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mankhwala opsinjika ndi awa:

Kusankha Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Kusankha serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ndi ena mwa mankhwala omwe amapatsidwa mankhwalawa. Ndiwo mankhwala omwe amakonda chifukwa amakhala ndi zovuta zochepa kuposa mankhwala ena.

SSRIs imagwira ntchito pa neurotransmitter serotonin. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kukhumudwa atha kukhala ndi ma neurotransmitters osazolowereka okhudzana ndi kusintha kwa malingaliro. SSRIs imalepheretsa thupi lawo kuti lisamwe serotonin kuti ithe kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino muubongo.

Ma SSRI apano ovomerezedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ndi awa:

• citalopram (Celexa)
• escitalopram (Lexapro)
• fluoxetine (Prozac)
• fluvoxamine (Luvox)
• paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva)
• mankhwala (Zoloft)

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi SSRIs ndi izi:

• mavuto ogonana
• nseru
• kutsegula m'mimba
• kupweteka mutu

Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati zotsatirazi zikusokoneza moyo wamwana wanu.

Kusankha Serotonin ndi Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

Kusankha serotonin ndi norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) kumalepheretsa kubwezeretsanso kwa ma neurotransmitters serotonin ndi norepinephrine, omwe amathandiza kuwongolera kusinthasintha. Zotsatira zoyipa za SNRIs ndizo:

• nseru
• kusanza
• kusowa tulo
• kudzimbidwa
• nkhawa
• kupweteka mutu

SNRI wamba ndi duloxetine (Cymbalta) ndi venlafaxine (Effexor).

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

Monga SSRIs ndi SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) amaletsa kubwezeretsanso kwa ma neurotransmitters ena. Mosiyana ndi enawo, ma TCA amagwira ntchito pa serotonin, norepinephrine, ndi dopamine.

Ma TCA atha kubweretsa zovuta zina kuposa mankhwala ena opatsirana, kuphatikizapo:

• kusawona bwino
• kudzimbidwa
• chizungulire
• pakamwa pouma
• Kulephera kugonana
• kugona
• kunenepa

Ma TCA sanaperekedwe kwa anthu omwe ali ndi prostate yotupa, glaucoma, kapena matenda amtima, chifukwa izi zimatha kubweretsa mavuto akulu.

Ma TCA omwe amadziwika kuti ndi awa ndi awa:

• kutchfuneralhome
• chomera
• clomipramine (Anafranil), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto osokoneza bongo
• desipramine (Norpramin)
• doxepin (Sinequan)
• imipramine (Tofranil)
• nortriptyline (Pamelor)
• chojambula (Vivactil)
• trimipramine (Surmontil)

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) anali gulu loyamba la antidepressants pamsika ndipo tsopano ndiosavomerezeka. Izi ndichifukwa cha zovuta, zoletsa, komanso zoyipa zomwe angayambitse.

MAOIs amatseka serotonin, dopamine, ndi norepinephrine, komanso amakhudza mankhwala ena m'thupi. Izi zitha kuyambitsa:

• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• chizungulire
• kudzimbidwa
• kutopa
• nseru
• pakamwa pouma
• mutu wopepuka

Anthu omwe amatenga MAOI ayenera kupewa zakudya ndi zakumwa zina, kuphatikiza:

• tchizi ambiri
• kuzifutsa zakudya
• chokoleti
• nyama zina
• moŵa, vinyo, mowa wopanda mowa kapena mowa woledzeretsa ndi vinyo

Ma MAO wamba ndi awa:

• isocarboxazid (Marplan)
• phenelzine (Nardil)
• tranylcypromine (Zamasamba)
• selegiline (Emsam)

Muyenera kudziwa kuti a FDA amafuna kuti opanga mankhwala opatsirana azikhala ndi "chenjezo lakuda," lomwe limakhala mkati mwa bokosi lakuda. Chenjezo likuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana mwa achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 24 kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chofuna kudzipha komanso kudzipha, komwe kumadziwika kuti kudzipha.

Kuchiza matenda

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mwana wanu akaonane ndi akatswiri odziwa zamaganizidwe asanakwane kapena nthawi yomweyo akuyamba mankhwala. Mitundu yambiri yamankhwala ilipo:

• Therapy yolankhula ndi njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri yamankhwala ndipo imaphatikizaponso magawo azachipatala.
• Chithandizo chazidziwitso chimatsogozedwa kuti chithandizire m'malo mwa malingaliro ndi malingaliro abwino.
• Thandizo la Psychodynamic limayang'ana pakufufuza m'maganizo a munthu kuti athetse mavuto amkati, monga kupsinjika kapena kusamvana.
• Chithandizo chothetsera mavuto chimathandiza munthu kupeza njira yodalirika kudzera muzochitika zina pamoyo wake, monga kutaya wokondedwa kapena nthawi ina yasintha.

Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kumalimbikitsa kupanga kwa "kumva bwino" muubongo komwe kumakulitsa chisangalalo. Lembetsani mwana wanu masewera omwe amakonda, kapena abwere ndi masewera olimbikitsa zolimbitsa thupi.

Tulo

Kugona ndikofunikira kuti mwana wanu azisangalala. Onetsetsani kuti akugona mokwanira usiku uliwonse ndikutsatira njira yanthawi yogona.

Zakudya Zoyenera

Zimatengera thupi mphamvu zowonjezera kukonza zakudya zamafuta ambiri komanso shuga. Zakudya izi zimatha kukupangitsani kumva kuti ndinu aulesi. Pakani chakudya chamasana kwa mwana wanu chodzaza ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zopatsa thanzi.

Pewani Kafeini Wambiri

Caffeine imatha kulimbikitsa kwakanthawi. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kumatha mwana wanu "kuwonongeka," atatopa kapena kutopa.

Pewani Mowa

Kumwa, makamaka kwa achinyamata, kumatha kubweretsa mavuto ena. Anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa ayenera kupewa mowa.

Kukhala ndi Kukhumudwa Kwa Achinyamata

Matenda okhumudwa atha kukhudza kwambiri moyo wa mwana wanu ndipo zitha kungowonjezera zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zaka zaunyamata. Matenda aunyamata nthawi zambiri sakhala mkhalidwe wosavuta kuwona. Komabe, ndi chithandizo choyenera mwana wanu atha kupeza thandizo lomwe angafunike.