Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kwambiri okhudza maantibayotiki ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri

Zamkati

• Mafunso wamba onena za maantibayotiki
• 1. Kodi kumwa maantibayotiki ndiko kunenepa?
• 2. Kodi maantibayotiki amachepetsa mphamvu zakulera?
• 3. Kodi ndiyenera kumwa bokosi la maantibayotiki mpaka kumapeto?
• 4. Ndi chifukwa chiyani maantibayotiki amayambitsa kutsegula m'mimba?
• 5. Kodi mowa umadula mphamvu ya mankhwala?
• Kodi maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ati?

Maantibayotiki ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda, monga mabakiteriya, majeremusi kapena bowa ndipo amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati adalangizidwa ndi adotolo.

Maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, monga matenda amkodzo, m'makutu, m'maso, impso, khungu, mafupa, maliseche, ziboda zam'mimba, malo olumikizirana kapena kupuma ndi kugaya chakudya, sinusitis, zithupsa, zilonda zamatenda, zilonda zapakhosi, rhinitis , bronchitis kapena chibayo, mwachitsanzo.

Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kapena popanda upangiri wa zamankhwala, atha kuyambitsa kukana kosafunikira komanso zotsatirapo zina, popeza maantibayotiki amathanso kuthana ndi mabakiteriya omwe amapindulitsa thupi, monga omwe amakhala m'matumbo ndi pakhungu, zomwe zingayambitse mawonekedwe candidiasis, kutsegula m'mimba kapena matenda khungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa akhale ovuta kwambiri.

Mafunso wamba onena za maantibayotiki

1. Kodi kumwa maantibayotiki ndiko kunenepa?

Maantibayotiki nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi vuto lochepetsa kapena kudya, komabe, ena mwa iwo amatha kuyambitsa chimbudzi ndi mpweya wochulukirapo, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa m'mimba, zomwe zitha kulakwitsa chifukwa chonenepa.

2. Kodi maantibayotiki amachepetsa mphamvu zakulera?

Ndi maantibayotiki ochepa omwe amachepetsa mphamvu zakulera, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, momwe ma rifampicin ndi rifabutin okha ndi omwe awonetsedwa kuti akusokoneza zochita zawo. Dziwani zoyenera kuchita pazochitikazi.

Komabe, ngati imodzi mwazomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi maantibayotiki ambiri ndikutsekula m'mimba, pali chiopsezo kuti njira yolerera siyingamezeredwe ngati kutsekula kumachitika pasanathe maola 4 mutamwa mankhwalawo. Zikatero, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu, bola ngati kutsekula kutha pakadutsa masiku 7.

3. Kodi ndiyenera kumwa bokosi la maantibayotiki mpaka kumapeto?

Maantibayotiki amayenera kumwa nthawi zonse mpaka kumapeto kapena kwa nthawi yonse yomwe dokotala akukuuzani, ngakhale pali zizindikiro zakusintha patadutsa masiku atatu kapena asanu akuchipatala.

Nthawi zina, anthu omwe akumva bwino amasiya kumwa maantibayotiki nthawi isanakwane, koma sayenera, chifukwa mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matendawa sangakhale atatha. Chifukwa chake, pakutha kwa mankhwala atha kuchulukirachulukira, ndikupatsanso matendawa, komanso, amatha kulimbana ndi mankhwala omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikupangitsa kuti maantibayotiki asagwire ntchito mtsogolo.

4. Ndi chifukwa chiyani maantibayotiki amayambitsa kutsegula m'mimba?

Kutsekula m'mimba ndi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha maantibayotiki, omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mankhwala opha tizilombo m'mimba. Zomwe zimachitika ndikuti maantibayotiki ndi mankhwala omwe amachotsa mabakiteriya omwe amakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala ena, motero amachotsa mabakiteriya oyipa komanso abwino, omwe amachititsa kusintha kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito amatumbo.

Phunzirani momwe mungalimbane ndi kutsekula m'mimba komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi maantibayotiki.

5. Kodi mowa umadula mphamvu ya mankhwala?

Mowa suletsa mphamvu ya maantibayotiki, koma umatha kuchepa mphamvu chifukwa mowa umakhala ndi vuto la diuretic, lomwe lingathandize kuti mankhwalawa atuluke mumkodzo ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa magazi, ndipo mwina sangakhale othandiza mankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, kumwa mowa ndi maantibayotiki nthawi yomweyo kumatha kulemetsa chiwindi, popeza zonse sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'thupi lino, chifukwa chake kupezeka kwa mankhwala kumatha kusokonekera, komanso kumawonjezeranso kawopsedwe ka maantibayotiki.

Pazifukwa izi, madotolo nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kuti munthu asamwe mowa akamamwa mankhwala, chifukwa pali maantibayotiki ena omwe sangathe kumwa mowa, monga Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Cefoxitin komanso kuphatikiza kwa Sulfamethoxazole ndi Trimethoprim, popeza kuwonjezera pokhala poizoni kwa thupi, zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zosasangalatsa, monga kusanza, kupweteka kwamatenda, kutentha, thukuta mopambanitsa, kupuma movutikira, kupweteka kwa mutu ndi hypotension.

Kodi maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ati?

Ena mwa maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matendawa ndi awa:

• Ciprofloxacino: Wodziwika bwino ngati Cipro kapena Cipro XR, ndi mankhwala omwe amawonetsedwa pochiza matenda opuma, m'makutu, m'maso, impso, khungu, mafupa kapena ziwalo zoberekera, komanso kuchiza matenda opatsirana. Mlingo woyenera wa mankhwalawa umasiyana pakati pa 250 ndi 1500 mg patsiku, kutengera msinkhu komanso kuopsa kwa matendawa. Onani zambiri zamiyeso, zotsutsana ndi zoyipa zake.

• Amoxicillin: Chizindikiro chakuchiza matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya, monga chibayo, bronchitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, matenda amikodzo kapena ukazi, pakhungu ndi ntchofu. Maantibayotikiwa ndi am'gulu la penicillin ndipo mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsidwa amasiyana pakati pa 750 mg ndi 1500 mg patsiku, kutengera kukula kwa matendawa. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi asidi ya clavulanic, kuti muchepetse mabakiteriya omwe amalimbana ndi maantibayotiki. Dziwani zambiri za Amoxicillin.

• Azithromycin: Zikuwonetsa pochiza matenda am'munsi komanso opuma, monga sinusitis, pharyngitis kapena tonsillitis, matenda akhungu ndi zotupa, pachimake otitis media komanso matenda opatsirana pogonana mwa amuna ndi akazi, oyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya. Chlamydia trachomatis ndipo Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Zikuwonetsedwanso pochiza khansa yoyambitsidwa ndi Haemophilus ducreyi. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsidwa amasiyana pakati pa 500 ndi 1000 mg patsiku, kutengera matenda omwe akuchiritsidwa. Dziwani zambiri za azithromycin.

• Cephalexin: Itha kudziwikanso ndi mayina amalonda a Keflex, Keforal kapena Keflaxina, ndipo imadziwika kuti imathandizira matenda opatsirana, otitis media, matenda apakhungu ndi ofewa, matenda amikodzo komanso matenda am'mafupa. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala ochokera ku 750 mpaka 1500 mg patsiku amalimbikitsidwa, kutengera kukula kwa matenda omwe akuchiritsidwa. Umu ndi momwe mungatengere Cephalexin.

• Makhalidwe: Amadziwika kuti Tetracilil kapena Tetrex. Ndi maantibayotiki omwe amadziwika kuti amachiza matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimafunikira tetracycline, monga brucellosis, gingivitis, gonorrhea kapena syphilis, mwachitsanzo. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsidwa amasiyana pakati pa 1500 ndi 2000 mg patsiku. Onani phukusi la Tetracycline.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti maantibayotiki onse ayenera kutengedwa molingana ndi malangizo omwe adokotala apereka, polemekeza nthawi yayitali ya chithandizocho, ngakhale pakuwona kusintha. Ndondomeko za dosing ziyeneranso kulemekezedwa nthawi zonse, kuonetsetsa kuti chithandizocho chimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake.