Kuthetsa Kusamba ndi Antidepressants

Zamkati

• Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya antidepressants ndi iti?
• Kodi maubwino opondereza kupsinjika kwa msambo ndi ati?
• Kodi zotsatira zoyipa za antidepressants ndi ziti?
• Kodi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ali otetezeka?
• Matenda a Serotonin
• Mfundo yofunika

Kodi antidepressants ndi chiyani?

Antidepressants ndi mankhwala omwe amathandizira kuthana ndi kukhumudwa. Amakhudza kwambiri mtundu wamankhwala wotchedwa neurotransmitter. Odwala matendawa amatumiza mauthenga pakati pa maselo a ubongo wanu.

Ngakhale ali ndi dzina, antidepressants amatha kuthana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza kukhumudwa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• nkhawa ndi mantha
• mavuto a kudya
• kusowa tulo
• kupweteka kosalekeza
• mutu waching'alang'ala

Ma anti-depressants amathanso kuthandizira kuthana ndi kusintha kwa kusamba. Pemphani kuti mudziwe zambiri za maubwino a mankhwala opatsirana pogonana chifukwa chakutha msambo.

Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya antidepressants ndi iti?

Pali mitundu inayi yayikulu ya antidepressants:

• Kusankha serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa neurotransmitter serotonin muubongo wanu. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka izi koyamba chifukwa zimayambitsa zovuta zochepa.
• Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). SNRIs imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa serotonin ndi norepinephrine muubongo wanu.
• Tricyclic antidepressants. Izi zimapangitsa serotonin yambiri ndi norepinephrine kupezeka muubongo wanu.
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Serotonin, norepinephrine, ndi dopamine onse ndi monoamines. Monoamine ndi mtundu wa neurotransmitter. Thupi lanu mwachilengedwe limapanga enzyme yotchedwa monoamine oxidase yomwe imawawononga. MAOIs amagwira ntchito poletsa mavitaminiwa kuti asamagwiritse ntchito ma monoamine muubongo wanu. Komabe, MAOIs saperekedwanso kawirikawiri, chifukwa amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina.

Kodi maubwino opondereza kupsinjika kwa msambo ndi ati?

Ma anti-depressants atha kupumula ku zizindikilo za vasomotor zosamba. Zizindikiro za Vasomotor zimakhudza mitsempha yamagazi. Zikuphatikizapo zinthu monga:

• kutentha
• thukuta usiku
• kutsuka khungu

Izi ndi zina mwazizindikiro zofulumira kusamba. Pafupifupi azimayi otha msinkhu amakumana ndi izi, watero kafukufuku wa 2014.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuchepa kwa SSRIs kapena SNRIs kumathandizira kuchepetsa zizindikilo za vasomotor, makamaka kutentha ndi thukuta usiku. Mwachitsanzo, anapeza kuti mlingo wochepa wa SNRI venlafaxine (Effexor) unagwira ntchito ngati mankhwala amtundu wa mahomoni pochepetsa kutentha.

Wina kuyambira 2015 adapeza kuti SSRI paroxetine (Paxil) yochepa yomwe imathandizira kugona kwabwino kwa azimayi omwe amatha kusamba. Kugona kwabwino kwa ophunzirawo kudachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zizindikilo za vasomotor usiku ndikumwa paroxetine.

Zotsatira za mayeserowa ndizodalirika, koma akatswiri sakudziwabe chifukwa chake ma SSRI ndi SNRIs amachepetsa zizindikilo za vasomotor. Zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi kuthekera kwawo kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa norepinephrine ndi serotonin. Ma neurotransmitters onsewa amathandizira kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa thupi.

Kumbukirani kuti antidepressants amadziwika okha kuti amawathandiza kutentha ndi thukuta usiku. Ngati mukuyang'ana kuchiza zizindikiro zina zakutha msambo, mankhwala a mahomoni atha kukhala njira yothandiza kwambiri.

Kodi zotsatira zoyipa za antidepressants ndi ziti?

Ma anti-depressants amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zingapo. SSRIs nthawi zambiri imayambitsa zovuta zochepa. Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni kuti muyesere mtundu uwu poyamba.

Zotsatira zoyipa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala opanikizika ndi monga:

• pakamwa pouma
• nseru
• manjenje
• kusakhazikika
• kusowa tulo
• mavuto azakugonana, monga kuwonongeka kwa erectile

Tricyclic antidepressants, kuphatikiza amitriptyline, zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina, monga:

• kusawona bwino
• kudzimbidwa
• akutsikira kuthamanga kwa magazi ataimirira
• kusunga kwamikodzo
• Kusinza

Zotsatira za kupsinjika maganizo zimasiyananso pakati pa mankhwala, ngakhale mumtundu womwewo wa antidepressant. Gwiritsani ntchito ndi dokotala wanu kuti musankhe mankhwala opatsirana omwe amapindulitsa kwambiri ndi zotsatira zochepa kwambiri. Muyenera kuyesa zingapo musanapeze zomwe zimagwira ntchito.

Kodi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ali otetezeka?

Ma anti-depressants amakhala otetezeka. Komabe, mankhwala opatsirana ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwonetsa kusamba kwa thupi amaonedwa ngati osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti opanga mankhwala opanikizika sanayesenso mayeso okhwima omwewo kuti ateteze ndikuchita bwino pothana ndi kutentha komanso thukuta usiku.

Pali mankhwala amodzi otchedwa Brisdelle omwe aphunziridwa ndi U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) makamaka kuti athetse matenda a vasomotor. Zakhala zikuwonetsedwa kuti zothandiza kuchepetsa kutentha ndi thukuta usiku panthawi ya kusamba.

Antidepressants amathanso kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ena, chifukwa chake onetsetsani kuti muwauze adotolo zamankhwala omwe mumalandira. Izi zimaphatikizanso mavitamini ndi zowonjezera.

Muyeneranso kuuza dokotala ngati muli ndi:

• cholesterol yambiri
• mbiri ya matenda amtima
• chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a mtima kapena kupwetekedwa mtima
• khungu
• prostate wokulitsidwa

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuthandizani kuti muone ubwino ndi kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana chifukwa cha kusamba kwa kusamba.

Matenda a Serotonin

Matenda a Serotonin ndi osowa koma oopsa omwe amapezeka pamene ma serotonin anu ali okwera kwambiri. Zimakonda kuchitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana, makamaka MAOIs, ndi mankhwala ena, zowonjezera, kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwanu kwa serotonin.

Zinthu zomwe zingagwirizane ndi antidepressants ndikupangitsa matenda a serotonin ndi awa:

• Dextromethorphan. Izi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ozizira komanso owopsa.
• Zolemba. Awa ndi mtundu wa mankhwala a antimigraine.
• Mankhwala azitsamba. Izi zikuphatikizapo ginseng ndi St. John's wort.
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zikuphatikizapo LSD, chisangalalo, cocaine, ndi amphetamines.
• Mankhwala ena opatsirana pogonana.

Funsani chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi ngati mungakumane ndi zovuta izi mukamamwa mankhwalawa:

• chisokonezo
• kutuluka kwa minofu ndi kunjenjemera
• kukhwimitsa minofu
• thukuta
• kugunda kwamtima mwachangu
• malingaliro opitilira muyeso
• ana otayirira
• kugwidwa
• kusayankha

Mfundo yofunika

Kuchiza kutentha ndi thukuta usiku ndi imodzi mwazomwe anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana. Posachedwa, a FDA adavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito Brisdelle pazizindikirozi.

Mankhwala ochepa opatsirana pogonana nthawi zambiri amachititsa mavuto ochepa komanso amachepetsa mavuto ena a mankhwala a mahomoni. Komabe, mankhwala opatsirana amathandizanso pazizindikiro zina zakutha. Gwiritsani ntchito ndi dokotala kuti mupeze njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira matenda anu.