Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachirombo ka HIV: Zotsatira zake zoyipa ndikutsatira

Zamkati

• Kutsatira
  
• Zotsatira za mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachirombo ka HIV ndi kasamalidwe kake
• Kulakalaka kudya
• Lipodystrophy
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Kutopa
• Khalani otetezeka
  
• Oposa cholesterol wamba ndi triglycerides
• Kusintha, kukhumudwa, ndi nkhawa
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Chitupa
• Kuvuta kugona
• Zotsatira zina zoyipa
• Gwirani ntchito ndi gulu lazachipatala

Chithandizo chachikulu cha HIV ndi gulu la mankhwala otchedwa antiretrovirals. Mankhwalawa samachiza kachilombo ka HIV, koma amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kachilomboka mthupi la munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV. Izi zimapangitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kukhala champhamvu mokwanira kulimbana ndi matenda.

Masiku ano, mankhwala opitilira ma ARV opitilira 40 amavomerezedwa kuchiza kachilombo ka HIV. Anthu ambiri omwe amachiza kachilombo ka HIV amamwa mankhwala awiri kapena kupitilira apo tsiku lililonse kwa moyo wawo wonse.

Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV amayenera kumwa nthawi yoyenera komanso m'njira yoyenera kuti agwire bwino ntchito. Kumwa mankhwalawa monga momwe wothandizira zaumoyo wawauzira kumatchedwa kutsatira.

Kumamatira ku dongosolo la chithandizo sikophweka nthawi zonse. Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV amatha kuyambitsa mavuto ena omwe amatha kukhala owopsa mokwanira kupangitsa anthu ena kusiya kumwa. Koma ngati munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amadumpha mankhwalawa, kachilomboka kangayambenso kudzikopera mthupi lake. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti HIV izilimbana ndi mankhwalawa. Izi zikachitika, mankhwalawa sagwiranso ntchito, ndipo munthu ameneyo atsala ndi njira zochepa zochizira HIV yake.

Werengani kuti mumve zambiri zamankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV, komanso momwe mungazigwiritsire ntchito ndikutsatira dongosolo la mankhwala.

Kutsatira

1. Kutsatira kumatanthauza kutsatira dongosolo lamankhwala.Ndikofunika! Ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV akudumpha mlingo kapena kusiya kumwa mankhwala ake, kachilomboka kakhoza kugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwalawa. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kapena kosatheka kuchiza kachilombo ka HIV.

Zotsatira za mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachirombo ka HIV ndi kasamalidwe kake

Mankhwala a HIV apita patsogolo pazaka zambiri, ndipo zovuta zoyipa sizicheperako kuposa kale. Komabe, mankhwala a HIV amathanso kuyambitsa mavuto. Ena ndi ofatsa, pomwe ena amakhala owopsa kapena owopsa. Zotsatira zoyipa zimathanso kuipiraipira ndikamamwa mankhwala.

Ndizotheka kuti mankhwala ena azitha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala a HIV, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto. Matenda ena amathanso kukulitsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mankhwala a HIV. Pazifukwa izi, poyambitsa mankhwala atsopano, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kuuza omwe amawapatsa chithandizo chamankhwala ndi zamankhwala za mankhwala ena onse, zowonjezera, kapena zitsamba zomwe akumwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati pali zovuta zina zatsopano kapena zachilendo, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kuyimbira omwe amawathandiza. Ayenera kuchita izi ngakhale atakhala akuchipatala kwa nthawi yayitali. Zitha kutenga miyezi kapena zaka kuti ayambe kuyankha mankhwala.

Pazovuta zoyipa, wothandizira zaumoyo amatha kuwonetsetsa kuti ndi mankhwala osati china chomwe chikuyambitsa zizindikilozo. Ngati mankhwalawo ali ndi vuto, atha kusinthana ndi mankhwala ena ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV. Komabe, kusintha mankhwala sikophweka. Ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti chithandizo chatsopanocho chidzagwirabe ntchito ndipo sichingayambitse mavuto ena.

Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha thupi likangolowera mankhwalawo. Ngati sichoncho, wothandizira zaumoyo angaganize zosintha momwe mankhwalawo amatengedwera. Mwachitsanzo, angakulimbikitseni kuti mudye ndi chakudya m'malo mongodya mopanda kanthu, kapena usiku m'malo m'mawa. Nthawi zina, zimakhala zosavuta kuthana ndi zotsatirapo kuti zitheke kusamalira.

Nawa ena mwa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV ndi malangizo owathandiza kuwongolera.

Kulakalaka kudya

Zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angayambitse izi:

• abacavir (Ziagen)
• zidovudine

Zomwe zingathandize:

• Idyani zakudya zazing'ono zingapo patsiku m'malo mwa zitatu zazikulu.
• Imwani ma smoothies kapena imwani zowonjezera zakudya kuti muwonetsetse kuti thupi likupeza mavitamini ndi michere yokwanira.
• Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo za kutenga chilakolako chofuna kudya.

Lipodystrophy

Lipodystrophy ndimikhalidwe yomwe imapangitsa kuti anthu ataye kapena kupeza mafuta m'malo ena amthupi. Izi zitha kupangitsa anthu ena kudzidalira kapena kuda nkhawa.

Zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angayambitse izi: Kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala ochokera ku nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) ndi makalasi a protease inhibitor.

NRTI zikuphatikizapo:

• @alirezatalischioriginal
• stavudine
• alireza
• zidovudine
• lamivudine
• kutchfuneralhome
• adamvg

Protease inhibitors ndi awa:

• atazanavir
• alireza
• alireza
• kutchfuneralhome
• lopinavir
• alireza
• mwambo
• alireza
• alireza

Zomwe zingathandize:

• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kuthandiza kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi lonse, kuphatikiza madera omwe mafuta akhazikika.
• Mankhwala ojambulidwa otchedwa tesamorelin (Egrifta) atha kuthandiza kuchepetsa mafuta owonjezera m'mimba mwa anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala a HIV. Komabe, anthu akasiya kumwa tesamorelin, mafuta am'mimba amatha kubwerera.
• Liposuction imatha kuchotsa mafuta m'malo omwe yatolera.
• Ngati kuchepa thupi kumachitika pamaso, wothandizira zaumoyo amatha kupereka chidziwitso chokhudza jakisoni wa polylactic acid (New Fill, Sculptra).
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndi kachilombo ka HIV angaganizire kufunsa omwe amawapatsa zaumoyo kuti atenge metformin. Mankhwala a shugawa amatha kuthandiza kuchepetsa mafuta m'mimba omwe amayamba chifukwa cha lipodystrophy.

Kutsekula m'mimba

Zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angayambitse izi:

• protease inhibitors
• nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
• maantibayotiki
• dileni
• chiwire
• alireza
• wothandizira
• elvitegravir / cobicistat

Zomwe zingathandize:

• Idyani zakudya zochepa zonenepa, zonenepa, zokometsera, ndi mkaka, kuphatikiza zakudya zokazinga ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi mkaka.
• Idyani zakudya zochepa zomwe sizingasungunuke, monga ndiwo zamasamba, tirigu wathunthu, ndi mtedza.
• Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo zaubwino wakumwa mankhwala ochepetsa kutsegula m'mimba, monga loperamide (Imodium).

Kutopa

Kutopa ndi zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala osokoneza bongo a HIV, komanso ndi chizindikiro cha HIV.

Zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angayambitse izi:

• zidovudine
• kutuloji

Zomwe zingathandize:

• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi kuti muwonjezere mphamvu.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi momwe mungathere.
• Pewani kusuta ndi kumwa mowa.
• Khalani ndi nthawi yogona ndikupewa kugona pang'ono.

Khalani otetezeka

1. Kumbukirani, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kufunsa ndi omwe amawasamalira asanayeserepo izi. Wothandizira zaumoyo adzawona ngati njira yabwino.

Oposa cholesterol wamba ndi triglycerides

Zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angayambitse izi:

• stavudine
• alireza
• zidovudine
• kutuloji
• lopinavir / ritonavir
• alireza
• alireza
• kutchfuneralhome
• tipranavir / ritonavir
• elvitegravir / cobicistat

Zomwe zingathandize:

• Pewani kusuta.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu zakudya. Lankhulani ndi katswiri wazakudya za njira yabwino kwambiri yochitira izi.
• Idyani nsomba ndi zakudya zina zomwe zili ndi omega-3 fatty acids ambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo walnuts, flaxseeds, ndi mafuta a canola.
• Yesetsani magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndi triglyceride pafupipafupi momwe othandizira azaumoyo akuwonetsera.
• Tengani ma statins kapena mankhwala ena omwe amachepetsa cholesterol ikaperekedwa ndi wothandizira zaumoyo.

Kusintha, kukhumudwa, ndi nkhawa

Kusintha kwamalingaliro, kuphatikiza kukhumudwa ndi nkhawa, zitha kukhala zoyipa zamankhwala amtundu wa HIV. Koma kusintha kwa malingaliro kumatha kukhalanso chizindikiro cha HIV.

Zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angayambitse izi:

• efavirenz (Sustiva)
• rilpivirine (Edurant, Odefsey, Complera)
• kutchila

Zomwe zingathandize:

• Pewani mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo za uphungu kapena mankhwala opatsirana pogonana.

Nseru ndi kusanza

Zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angayambitse izi: Pafupifupi mankhwala onse a HIV.

Zomwe zingathandize:

• Idyani magawo ang'onoang'ono tsiku lonse m'malo mwazakudya zazikulu zitatu.
• Idyani zakudya zopanda pake, monga mpunga wamba ndi osakaniza.
• Pewani mafuta, zakudya zonunkhira.
• Idyani chakudya chozizira m'malo motentha.
• Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo za mankhwala a antiemetic kuti muchepetse kunyoza.

Chitupa

Rash ndi zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala onse a HIV. Koma kuphulika kwakukulu kungakhalenso chizindikiro cha kusokonezeka kapena vuto lina lalikulu. Itanani 911 kapena pitani kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa ngati mwachita ziwopsezo limodzi ndi izi:

• kuvuta kupuma kapena kumeza
• malungo
• matuza, makamaka kuzungulira pakamwa, mphuno, ndi diso
• zidzolo lomwe limayamba msanga ndikufalikira

Zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angayambitse ziphuphu:

• protease inhibitors
• kutchfuneralhome
• alireza
• elvitegravir / tenofovir disoproxil / emtricitabine
• non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), kuphatikiza:
  • etravirine
  • alireza
  • adiza
  • kutuloji
  • nevirapine

Zomwe zingathandize:

• Limbikitsani khungu tsiku lililonse.
• Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ozizira kapena ofunda m'malo mwa madzi otentha mumvula ndi m'malo osambira.
• Gwiritsani ntchito sopo wofatsa, wosakwiya komanso zotsukira zovala.
• Valani nsalu zopuma, monga thonje.
• Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo za kumwa mankhwala a antihistamine.

Kuvuta kugona

Zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angayambitse izi:

• kutuloji
• kutchfuneralhome
• alireza
• kutchfuneralhome
• elvitegravir / cobicistat
• kutchila

Zomwe zingathandize:

• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
• Khalani ndi nthawi yogona ndikupewa kugona pang'ono.
• Onetsetsani kuti chipinda chogona ndi chabwino kugona.
• Pumulani musanagone ndi kusamba kofunda kapena zinthu zina zoziziritsa kukhosi.
• Pewani caffeine ndi zinthu zina zotsekemera mkati mwa maola angapo musanagone.
• Lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo za mankhwala ogona ngati vuto likupitirira.

Zotsatira zina zoyipa

Zotsatira zina zochokera ku ma ARV zingaphatikizepo:

• hypersensitivity kapena thupi lanu siligwirizana, ndi zizindikilo monga kutentha thupi, nseru, ndi kusanza
• magazi
• kutaya mafupa
• matenda amtima
• shuga wambiri m'magazi komanso matenda ashuga
• lactic acidosis (milingo yayikulu ya lactic acid m'magazi)
• kuwonongeka kwa impso, chiwindi, kapena kapamba
• dzanzi, kutentha, kapena kupweteka m'manja kapena m'mapazi chifukwa cha mavuto amitsempha

Gwirani ntchito ndi gulu lazachipatala

Kumwa mankhwala a HIV monga momwe amafunira ndikofunikira kuti agwire bwino ntchito. Ngati zovuta zimachitika, osasiya kumwa mankhwalawa. M'malo mwake, lankhulani ndi gulu lazachipatala. Amatha kunena njira zochepetsera zotsatirapo zake, kapena atha kusintha dongosolo lamankhwala.

Zitha kutenga nthawi kuti anthu omwe ali ndi HIV apeze mankhwala oyenera. Ndi kuwunika mosamalitsa ndikutsata, othandizira azaumoyo apeza mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV omwe amagwira ntchito bwino ndi zovuta zoyipa zochepa.