Funsani Katswiri: Kuzindikira ndi Kuchiza Hyperkalemia

Zamkati

• 1. Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a hyperkalemia?
• 2. Kodi ndi mankhwala ati omwe amapezeka ku hyperkalemia?
• 3. Kodi zizindikiro zaku hyperkalemia ndi ziti?
• 4. Nkaambo nzi ncotweelede kuba alusyomo luyumu?
• 5. Kodi ndiyenera kuphatikiza chiyani pazakudya zanga kuti ndichepetse potaziyamu?
• 6. Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe ndiyenera kupewa?
• 7. Kodi kuopsa kwa hyperkalemia osachiritsidwa ndi kotani?
• 8. Kodi pali zina zomwe ndingasinthe pamoyo wanga kuti ndithane ndi matendawa?

1. Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a hyperkalemia?

Hyperkalemia imachitika pamene potaziyamu m'magazi anu amakhala okwera kwambiri. Pali zifukwa zingapo za hyperkalemia, koma zifukwa zitatu zazikuluzikulu ndi izi:

• kudya potaziyamu wambiri
• kusintha kwa potaziyamu chifukwa chakutaya magazi kapena kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi
• osakhoza kutulutsa potaziyamu kudzera mu impso zanu bwino chifukwa cha matenda a impso

Kutulutsa konyenga kwa potaziyamu kumawonekeranso pazotsatira za labu. Izi zimadziwika kuti pseudohyperkalemia. Wina akawerenga potaziyamu wokwera, adotolo amayambiranso kuti atsimikizire kuti ndiwowonadi.

Mankhwala ena amathanso kutulutsa potaziyamu wokwera. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika kwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda a impso oopsa kapena osachiritsika.

2. Kodi ndi mankhwala ati omwe amapezeka ku hyperkalemia?

Pali njira zingapo zamankhwala zothandizira hyperkalemia. Choyamba, dokotala wanu adzaonetsetsa kuti hyperkalemia siyinayambitse kusintha kwamtima mwa kukhala ndi EKG. Ngati mumakhala ndi mtima wosakhazikika chifukwa cha potaziyamu wokwera, ndiye kuti dokotala wanu akupatsani mankhwala a calcium kuti akhazikitse mtima wanu.

Ngati palibe kusintha kwamtima, dokotala wanu atha kukupatsani insulini yotsatiridwa ndikulowetsedwa kwa shuga. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa potaziyamu msanga.

Pambuyo pake, dokotala wanu angakuuzeni mankhwala ochotsera potaziyamu mthupi lanu. Zosankha zimaphatikizapo mankhwala ozungulira kapena thiazide diuretic kapena mankhwala a cation exchanger. Omwe amasinthanitsa ndi cation ndi patiromer (Veltassa) kapena sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma).

3. Kodi zizindikiro zaku hyperkalemia ndi ziti?

Nthawi zambiri palibe zizindikiro zochenjeza za hyperkalemia. Anthu omwe ali ndi hyperkalemia wofatsa kapena wowerengeka sangakhale ndi zizindikilo za vutoli.

Ngati wina angasinthe potaziyamu mokwanira, atha kukhala ndi kufooka kwa minofu, kutopa, kapena nseru. Anthu amathanso kukhala ndi kusintha kwa mtima kwa EKG komwe kumawonetsa kugunda kwamtima kosazolowereka, kotchedwanso arrhythmia.

4. Nkaambo nzi ncotweelede kuba alusyomo luyumu?

Ngati muli ndi hyperkalemia, zizindikilo zimaphatikizapo kufooka kwa minofu kapena kufooka kwa thupi ndikuchepetsa ma tendon reflexes. Hyperkalemia amathanso kuyambitsa kugunda kwamtima mosasintha. Ngati hyperkalemia yanu imayambitsa kusintha kwa mtima, mudzalandira chithandizo nthawi yomweyo kuti mupewe kugunda kwamtima komwe kumatha kubweretsa kumangidwa kwamtima.

5. Kodi ndiyenera kuphatikiza chiyani pazakudya zanga kuti ndichepetse potaziyamu?

Ngati muli ndi hyperkalemia, madokotala amakulangizani kuti mupewe zakudya zina zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu wambiri. Muthanso kuonetsetsa kuti mumamwa madzi ambiri. Kutaya madzi m'thupi kumatha kukulitsa matenda a hyperkalemia.

Palibe zakudya zilizonse zomwe zingachepetse potaziyamu wanu, koma pali zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi potaziyamu wochepa. Mwachitsanzo, maapulo, zipatso, kolifulawa, mpunga, ndi pasitala zonse ndi zakudya zopanda potaziyamu. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kukula kwa magawo anu mukamadya zakudya izi.

6. Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe ndiyenera kupewa?

Muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mukupewa zakudya zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu wambiri. Izi zikuphatikiza zipatso monga nthochi, kiwis, mango, cantaloupe, ndi malalanje. Masamba omwe ali ndi potaziyamu ambiri ndi monga sipinachi, tomato, mbatata, broccoli, beets, mapeyala, kaloti, sikwashi ndi nyemba za lima.

Komanso zipatso zouma, msipu wam'madzi, mtedza, ndi nyama yofiira zimakhala ndi potaziyamu wambiri. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mndandanda wathunthu wazakudya za potaziyamu.

7. Kodi kuopsa kwa hyperkalemia osachiritsidwa ndi kotani?

Hyperkalemia yomwe sichithandizidwa moyenera imatha kubweretsa vuto la mtima loopsa la arrythmia. Izi zitha kubweretsa kumangidwa kwamtima ndi kufa.

Ngati dokotala akukuuzani kuti zotsatira zanu za labu zikuwonetsa hyperkalemia, muyenera kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi yomweyo. Dokotala wanu ayang'ananso potaziyamu yanu kuti athetse pseudohyperkalemia. Koma ngati muli ndi hyperkalemia, dokotala wanu adzapitiliza kulandira chithandizo kuti muchepetse potaziyamu wanu.

8. Kodi pali zina zomwe ndingasinthe pamoyo wanga kuti ndithane ndi matendawa?

Zomwe zimachitika mu hyperkalemia pakati pa anthu ndizochepa. Anthu ambiri amatha kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu wambiri kapena amamwa mankhwala popanda kuchuluka kwake kwa potaziyamu. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a hyperkalemia ndi omwe ali ndi matenda a impso oopsa.

Mutha kupewa matenda a impso mwa kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupewa fodya, kuchepetsa mowa, komanso kukhala wathanzi.

Alana Biggers, MD, MPH, FACP, ndi internist komanso wothandizira pulofesa wa zamankhwala ku University of Illinois-Chicago (UIC) College of Medicine, komwe adalandira digiri yake ya MD. Alinso ndi Master of Public Health ku matenda osachiritsika ochokera ku Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine ndipo adamaliza kuyanjana pagulu ku Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Dr. Biggers ali ndi chidwi ndi kafukufuku wosagwirizana ndi zaumoyo ndipo pakadali pano ali ndi thandizo la NIH lofufuzira za matenda ashuga komanso kugona.