Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Khungu

Zamkati

• Kodi zizindikiro zakhungu ndi ziti?
• Zizindikiro zakhungu m'makanda
• Kodi chimachititsa khungu ndi chiyani?
• Zomwe zimayambitsa khungu m'makanda
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha khungu?
• Kodi khungu limapezeka bwanji?
• Kuzindikira khungu kwa makanda
• Kodi khungu limathandizidwa bwanji?
• Kodi malingaliro akutali ndi otani?
• Kodi khungu lingapewe bwanji?

Chidule

Khungu ndiko kulephera kuwona chilichonse, kuphatikiza kuwala.

Ngati mwakhungu pang'ono, muli ndi masomphenya ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kukhala ndi masomphenya olakwika kapena kulephera kusiyanitsa mawonekedwe azinthu. Kukhala wakhungu kwathunthu kumatanthauza kuti simutha kuwona konse.

Khungu lalamulo limatanthauza masomphenya omwe asokonekera kwambiri. Zomwe munthu yemwe ali ndi masomphenya pafupipafupi amatha kuwona kuchokera pamtunda wa 200 mapazi, wakhungu mwalamulo amatha kuwona kuchokera pa 20 mapazi okha.

Pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo ngati mwadzidzidzi simudzawona. Pemphani wina kuti akubweretsereni kuchipatala kuti mukalandire chithandizo. Musayembekezere kuti masomphenya anu abwerere.

Kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa khungu lanu, chithandizo chamtsogolo chitha kukulitsa mwayi wakubwezeretsanso masomphenya anu. Chithandizo chake chingaphatikizepo kuchitidwa opaleshoni kapena mankhwala.

Kodi zizindikiro zakhungu ndi ziti?

Ngati ndinu wakhungu kwathunthu, simukuwona kalikonse. Ngati mwakhungu pang'ono, mutha kukhala ndi izi:

• masomphenya amtambo
• kulephera kuwona mawonekedwe
• kuwona mithunzi yokha
• kusawona bwino usiku
• masomphenya mumphangayo

Zizindikiro zakhungu m'makanda

Masomphenya a mwana wanu amayamba kukula m'mimba. Sichikhala bwino mpaka zaka pafupifupi 2.

Pakatha masabata 6 mpaka 8, mwana wanu azitha kuyang'anitsitsa chinthu ndikutsatira mayendedwe ake. Pofika miyezi inayi yakubadwa, maso awo ayenera kukhala atagwirizana bwino osatembenukira mkati kapena kunja.

Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa kuwona kwa ana aang'ono zingaphatikizepo:

• kusisita diso nthawi zonse
• kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwala
• kusaganizira bwino
• kufiira kwamaso kosatha
• Kutulutsa kosatha m'maso mwawo
• choyera m'malo mwa mwana wakuda
• kusatsata bwino, kapena vuto kutsatira chinthu ndi maso awo
• mayendedwe achilendo kapena kusuntha pambuyo pa miyezi 6 yakubadwa

Kodi chimachititsa khungu ndi chiyani?

Matenda ndi maso otsatirawa atha kuyambitsa khungu:

• Glaucoma imatanthawuza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamaso zomwe zingawononge mitsempha yanu ya optic, yomwe imanyamula zidziwitso kuchokera m'maso mwanu kupita kuubongo wanu.
• Kusintha kwama macular kumawononga gawo la diso lanu lomwe limakuthandizani kuti muwone zambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza achikulire.
• Matenda am'maso amachititsa kuti mitambo iwoneke. Amakonda kwambiri anthu achikulire.
• Diso laulesi lingapangitse kuti zizikhala zovuta kuwona tsatanetsatane. Zingayambitse kutaya masomphenya.
• Optic neuritis ndikutupa komwe kumatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kapena kwakanthawi.
• Retinitis pigmentosa amatanthauza kuwonongeka kwa diso. Zimayambitsa khungu nthawi zambiri.
• Zotupa zomwe zimakhudza diso kapena mitsempha yamawonedwe zimathanso kuyambitsa khungu.

Khungu ndi vuto ngati mungakhale ndi matenda ashuga kapena sitiroko. Zina mwazimene zimayambitsa khungu ndizo:

• zilema zobereka
• kuvulala kwamaso
• zovuta zochitidwa opaleshoni yamaso

Zomwe zimayambitsa khungu m'makanda

Zinthu izi zingasokoneze masomphenya kapena kuyambitsa khungu kwa makanda:

• matenda, monga diso la pinki
• zotseka zotulutsa misozi
• ng'ala
• strabismus (maso owoloka)
• amblyopia (diso laulesi)
• ptosis (khungu la droopy)
• khungu lobadwa nalo
• retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), yomwe imachitika mwa makanda asanakwane pomwe mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka diso lawo sinakhazikike
• kusayang'anitsitsa, kapena kuchedwa kukula kwa mawonekedwe a mwana wanu

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha khungu?

Magulu otsatirawa ali pachiwopsezo cha khungu:

• anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amaso, monga macular degeneration ndi glaucoma
• anthu odwala matenda ashuga
• anthu omwe ali ndi sitiroko
• anthu omwe akuchitidwa opaleshoni yamaso
• anthu omwe amagwira ntchito kapena pafupi ndi zinthu zakuthwa kapena mankhwala owopsa
• makanda asanakwane

Kodi khungu limapezeka bwanji?

Kuyezetsa maso kwathunthu ndi dokotala wa maso kumakuthandizani kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa khungu lanu kapena kutayika pang'ono kwamaso.

Dokotala wanu wamaso adzakupatsani mayesero angapo:

• kumveka kwa masomphenya anu
• kugwira ntchito kwa minofu ya diso lako
• momwe ophunzira anu amachitira ndi kuwala

Aunika thanzi la maso anu onse pogwiritsa ntchito nyali yodulira. Ndi maikulosikopu yopanda mphamvu yophatikizidwa ndi kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri.

Kuzindikira khungu kwa makanda

Katswiri wa ana ayang'ana mwana wanu mavuto amaso atangobadwa. Pofika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, funsani dokotala wamaso kapena dokotala wa ana kuti ayang'anenso mwana wanu kuti awone bwino, kuyang'ana, komanso mayendedwe a diso.

Dokotala amayang'ana mawonekedwe amaso a mwana wanu ndikuwona ngati angathe kutsatira chinthu chowala kapena chokongola ndi maso awo.

Mwana wanu ayenera kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zowonera pakatha milungu 6 mpaka 8. Ngati mwana wanu sakuyang'ana kuwala kowala m'maso mwawo kapena kuyang'ana pazinthu zokongola pakadutsa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, ayang'anitseni maso nthawi yomweyo.

Onetsetsani kuti maso a mwana wanu akuyang'anitsitsa ngati muwona maso owoloka kapena zizindikiro zilizonse zosazindikira.

Kodi khungu limathandizidwa bwanji?

Nthawi zina kufooka kwa masomphenya, chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi zitha kuthandiza kubwezeretsa masomphenya:

• magalasi amaso
• magalasi olumikizirana
• opaleshoni
• mankhwala

Ngati mukumva khungu laling'ono lomwe silingakonzedwe, dokotala wanu akupatsani malangizo amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito masomphenya ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito galasi lokulitsira kuti muwerenge, kuwonjezera kukula kwamalemba pakompyuta yanu, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mawotchi omvera ndi mabuku omvera.

Kukhala wakhungu kwathunthu kumafunikira kuyandikira moyo m'njira yatsopano ndikuphunzira maluso atsopano. Mwachitsanzo, mungafunikire kuphunzira momwe:

• werengani Braille
• gwiritsani galu wowongolera
• konzani nyumba yanu kuti mupeze mosavuta zinthu ndikukhala otetezeka
• pindani ndalama m'njira zosiyanasiyana kusiyanitsa ndalama

Muthanso kuganizira zopanga zinthu zosintha, monga foni yam'manja yapadera, chizindikiritso cha utoto, ndi zophikira zophikira. Palinso zida zamasewera zosintha, ngati mipira yamiyendo yamphamvu.

Kodi malingaliro akutali ndi otani?

Kuwona kwa nthawi yayitali kwa munthu kuti abwezeretse masomphenya ndikuchepetsa kutaya masomphenya ndibwino ngati chithandizo chili chodzitetezera ndikufunidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Opaleshoni imatha kuchiza matenda amaso. Sizimabweretsa khungu. Kupeza ndi kulandira chithandizo koyambirira kumafunikanso pakakhala glaucoma ndi kuchepa kwa macular kuti muchepetse kapena kusiya kutaya masomphenya.

Kodi khungu lingapewe bwanji?

Kuti mupeze matenda amaso ndikuthandizira kupewa kutaya masomphenya, pitani kukayezetsa diso lanu pafupipafupi. Mukalandira matenda ena amaso, monga glaucoma, chithandizo ndi mankhwala chingathandize kupewa khungu.

Pofuna kupewa kutaya masomphenya, American Optometric Association ikukulimbikitsani kuti muyese maso a mwana wanu:

• pa miyezi 6 zakubadwa
• ali ndi zaka 3 zakubadwa
• chaka chilichonse pakati pa 6 ndi 17 wazaka

Mukawona zizindikiro zakusowa kwa masomphenya pakati pa maulendo achilendo, konzekerani ndi dokotala wawo wamaso nthawi yomweyo.