Upangiri Wokwanira pa Khansa ya M'mawere

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mawere
• Mitundu ya khansa ya m'mawere
• Khansa ya m'mawere yotupa
• Khansa ya m'mawere yopanda katatu
• Khansara ya m'mawere
• Khansa ya m'mawere yamwamuna
• Zithunzi za khansa ya m'mawere
• Magawo a khansa ya m'mawere
• Gawo 0 khansa ya m'mawere
• Gawo 1 khansa ya m'mawere
• Gawo 2 khansa ya m'mawere
• Gawo 3 khansa ya m'mawere
• Gawo 4 khansa ya m'mawere
• Kuzindikira kwa khansa ya m'mawere
• Chifuwa cha m'mawere
• Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere
• Opaleshoni
• Thandizo la radiation
• Chemotherapy
• Thandizo la mahomoni
• Mankhwala
• Kusamalira khansa ya m'mawere
• Kodi khansa ya m'mawere ndi yotani?
• Zowopsa za khansa ya m'mawere
• Kuchuluka kwa khansa ya m'mawere
• Kupewa khansa ya m'mawere
• Zinthu za moyo
• Kuunika khansa ya m'mawere
• Chithandizo choyambirira
• Kuyesa mabere
• Kudziyesa nokha
• Kuyezetsa bere ndi dokotala wanu
• Chidziwitso cha khansa ya m'mawere

Chidule cha khansa ya m'mawere

Khansa imachitika kusintha komwe kumatchedwa kusintha kwa maselo kumachitika mu majini omwe amayang'anira kukula kwa maselo. Kusintha kumalola maselo kugawanika ndikuchulukirachulukira m'njira yosalamulirika.

Khansa ya m'mawere ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'maselo am'mawere. Nthawi zambiri, khansara imapangidwa m'makanda kapena m'mimbamo ya m'mawere. Lobules ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa mkaka, ndipo timadontho ndiwo njira zomwe zimabweretsa mkaka kuchokera kumatenda kupita kunsonga. Khansa imathanso kupezeka m'mafupa amafuta kapena minofu yolumikizana yomwe ili mkati mwa bere lanu.

Maselo osalamulirika a khansa nthawi zambiri amalowerera minofu ina yathanzi ndipo amatha kupita kumalo am'mimba omwe ali m'manja. Ma lymph node ndi njira yoyamba yomwe imathandizira kuti ma cell a khansa asunthire mbali zina za thupi. Onani zithunzi ndikuphunzira zambiri za kapangidwe ka bere.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mawere

Khansa ya m'mawere ikangoyamba kumene, siyingayambitse zizindikiro zilizonse. Nthaŵi zambiri, chotupa chimakhala chochepa kwambiri kuti chimveke, koma zachilendo zimatha kuwonedwa pamayeso a mammogram. Ngati chotupa chikhoza kumveka, chizindikiro choyamba nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotupa chatsopano chomwe sichinali pamenepo. Komabe, si ziphuphu zonse zomwe zili ndi khansa.

Mtundu uliwonse wa khansa ya m'mawere imatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana. Zambiri mwazizindikirozi ndizofanana, koma zina zimatha kukhala zosiyana. Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mawere ndi monga:

• chotupa cha m'mawere kapena kukulira kwa minofu komwe kumamveka mosiyana ndi minofu yoyandikana nayo ndipo yakula posachedwa
• kupweteka kwa m'mawere
• kofiira, khungu lokutira pachifuwa chako chonse
• kutupa pachifuwa chonse kapena gawo
• kutuluka kwamabele osati mkaka wa m'mawere
• kutuluka kwamagazi kuchokera kubere lanu
• khungu, kukula, kapena khungu pakhungu lanu kapena pachifuwa
• kusintha kwadzidzidzi, kosafotokozeka pamtundu kapena kukula kwa bere lanu
• Nipple yopindika
• kusintha kwa mawonekedwe akhungu m'mawere ako
• chotupa kapena chotupa pansi pa mkono wanu

Ngati muli ndi izi, sizitanthauza kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Mwachitsanzo, kupweteka kwa m'mawere anu kapena chotupa pachifuwa kumatha chifukwa cha chotupa chosaopsa. Komabe, ngati mupeza chotupa m'chifuwa chanu kapena muli ndi zizindikilo zina, muyenera kuwona dokotala wanu kuti akapimidwe ndikuyesedwa. Phunzirani zambiri za zomwe zingachitike ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Mitundu ya khansa ya m'mawere

Pali mitundu ingapo ya khansa ya m'mawere, ndipo imagawika m'magulu awiri akulu: "olowerera" ndi "osalowerera," kapena situ. Ngakhale kuti khansa yowopsa yafalikira kuchokera ku mawere kapena ma gland kupita kumadera ena a bere, khansa yosafalikira siyinafalikire kuchokera ku minofu yoyambirira.

Magulu awiriwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mitundu yodziwika bwino ya khansa ya m'mawere, yomwe ndi:

• Ductal carcinoma mu situ. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) ndichinthu chosafunikira. Ndi DCIS, maselo a khansa amangokhala m'mitsempha ya m'mawere mwanu ndipo sanalowerere m'chifuwa cha m'mawere.
• Lobular carcinoma mu situ. Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) ndi khansa yomwe imamera m'matenda opangira mkaka m'mawere anu. Monga DCIS, maselo a khansa sanalowerere minofu yoyandikana nayo.
• Wovuta ductal carcinoma. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) ndiye mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa khansa ya m'mawere. Mtundu wa khansa ya m'mawere umayambira mkatikati mwa mkaka wa m'mawere mwanu kenako umalowera munthawi yapafupi. Khansara ya m'mawere ikafalikira kumatenda kunja kwa timiyala tanu ta mkaka, imatha kuyamba kufalikira kuzinthu zina zapafupi ndi minofu.
• Wowopsa lobular carcinoma. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) imayamba kupezeka m'makanda a m'mawere anu ndipo yawononga minofu yapafupi.

Zina, mitundu yochepa ya khansa ya m'mawere ndi monga:

• Matenda a paget wamabele. Mtundu wa khansa ya m'mawere umayambira m'mimbamo yamabele, koma ikamakula, imayamba kukhudza khungu ndi areola wa nsagoyo.
• Phyllodes chotupa. Mtundu wochepa kwambiri wa khansa ya m'mawere umamera munyama yolumikizana ya m'mawere. Zambiri mwa zotupazi ndizabwino, koma zina zimakhala ndi khansa.
• Angiosarcoma. Ichi ndi khansa yomwe imamera pamitsempha yamagazi kapena mitsempha ya m'mawere.

Mtundu wa khansa yomwe mwasankha imakusankhirani zomwe mungasankhe, komanso zomwe zingachitike kwa nthawi yayitali. Dziwani zambiri za mitundu ya khansa ya m'mawere.

Khansa ya m'mawere yotupa

Khansa ya m'mawere yotupa (IBC) ndi khansa ya m'mawere yosowa koma yankhanza. IBC imangokhala pakati pa milandu yonse ya khansa ya m'mawere.

Ndi vutoli, ma cell amatseka ma lymph node pafupi ndi mabere, motero zotengera zam'mimba zomwe zili pachifuwa sizingakhetse bwino. M'malo mopanga chotupa, IBC imapangitsa bere lanu kutupa, kuwoneka lofiira, ndikumva kutentha. Chifuwa cha khansa chitha kuwoneka chobowoleza ndi cholimba, ngati khungu la lalanje.

IBC imatha kukhala yamakani kwambiri ndipo imatha kupita patsogolo mwachangu. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuyimbira dokotala nthawi yomweyo mukawona zizindikiro zilizonse. Dziwani zambiri za IBC ndi zomwe zingayambitse.

Khansa ya m'mawere yopanda katatu

Khansa ya m'mawere yopanda katatu ndi mtundu wina wamatenda osowa, womwe umakhudza pafupifupi 10 mpaka 20 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Kuti mupeze khansa ya m'mawere yopanda katatu, chotupa chiyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zitatu izi:

• Ilibe zotengera za estrogen. Awa ndi ma receptors m'maselo omwe amamangiriza, kapena kulumikizana, ndi hormone estrogen. Ngati chotupa chili ndi zotengera za estrogen, estrogen imatha kuyambitsa khansa kukula.
• Ilibe mapulogalamu a progesterone. Ma receptors awa ndi ma cell omwe amalumikizana ndi progesterone ya mahomoni. Ngati chotupa chili ndi mapulogalamu a progesterone, progesterone imatha kulimbikitsa khansa kukula.
• Ilibe mapuloteni owonjezera a HER2 pamtunda wake. HER2 ndi mapuloteni omwe amalimbikitsa kukula kwa khansa ya m'mawere.

Ngati chotupa chikwaniritsa izi, chimatchedwa khansa ya m'mawere yopanda katatu. Mtundu wa khansa ya m'mawere umakonda kukula ndikufalikira mofulumira kuposa mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'mawere.

Khansa ya m'mawere yopanda katatu imavuta kuchiza chifukwa mankhwala a khansa ya m'mawere siyothandiza. Phunzirani zamankhwala komanso kuchuluka kwa khansa ya m'mawere yopanda katatu.

Khansara ya m'mawere

Khansara ya m'mawere ndi dzina lina la khansa ya m'mawere ya 4. Ndi khansa ya m'mawere yomwe yafalikira kuchokera pachifuwa chanu kupita mbali zina za thupi lanu, monga mafupa anu, mapapo, kapena chiwindi.

Ili ndiye gawo lotsogola la khansa ya m'mawere. Oncologist wanu (dokotala wa khansa) apanga dongosolo la chithandizo ndi cholinga choletsa kukula ndikufalikira kwa chotupacho kapena zotupa. Phunzirani zamankhwala omwe mungasankhe khansa ya metastatic, komanso zomwe zimakhudza mawonekedwe anu.

Khansa ya m'mawere yamwamuna

Ngakhale amakhala ndi zochepa, amuna amakhala ndi minofu ya m'mawere monganso azimayi. Amuna amathanso kutenga khansa ya m'mawere, koma ndiyosowa kwambiri. Malingana ndi American Cancer Society (ACS), khansa ya m'mawere ndi yocheperapo 100 mwa azungu kuposa azungu, komanso kuwirikiza kawiri kwa amuna akuda kuposa azimayi akuda.

Izi zati, khansa ya m'mawere yomwe amuna amapeza ndiyowopsa monganso khansa ya m'mawere yomwe amayi amapeza. Ilinso ndi zizindikiro zomwezi. Werengani zambiri za khansa ya m'mawere mwa amuna ndi zizindikiro zomwe muyenera kuziwona.

Zithunzi za khansa ya m'mawere

Khansa ya m'mawere imatha kubweretsa zizindikilo zingapo, ndipo zizindikilozi zitha kuwoneka mosiyanasiyana mwa anthu osiyanasiyana.

Ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi banga kapena kusintha kwa bere lanu, zitha kukhala zothandiza kudziwa mavuto am'mabere omwe kwenikweni ndi khansa amawoneka. Dziwani zambiri za zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mawere, ndipo onani zithunzi za momwe angawonekere.

Magawo a khansa ya m'mawere

Khansa ya m'mawere imatha kugawidwa m'magawo kutengera kukula kwa chotupacho kapena zotupa komanso kuchuluka kwake. Khansa yomwe ndi yayikulu komanso / kapena yalowerera pafupi ndi ziwalo kapena ziwalo ili pamtunda kwambiri kuposa khansa yomwe ili yaying'ono komanso / kapena yomwe imakhalabe m'mawere. Pofuna kukhazikitsa khansa ya m'mawere, madokotala ayenera kudziwa:

• ngati khansara ndi yovuta kapena yosagwira
• kukula kwa chotupacho
• ngati ma lymph node amakhudzidwa
• ngati khansayo yafalikira kumatenda kapena ziwalo zapafupi

Khansa ya m'mawere ili ndi magawo akulu asanu: magawo 0 mpaka 5.

Gawo 0 khansa ya m'mawere

Gawo 0 ndi DCIS. Maselo a khansa ku DCIS amakhalabe otsekemera m'mimbamo ya m'mawere ndipo sanafalikire m'minyewa yapafupi.

Gawo 1 khansa ya m'mawere

• Gawo 1A: Chotupa chachikulu chimakhala chachikulu masentimita awiri kapena kuchepa ndipo ma lymph node samakhudzidwa.
• Gawo 1B: Khansa imapezeka m'mitsempha yapafupi, ndipo mwina mulibe chotupa pachifuwa, kapena chotupacho ndi chaching'ono kuposa 2 cm.

Gawo 2 khansa ya m'mawere

• Gawo 2A: Chotupacho ndi chaching'ono kuposa 2 cm ndipo chafalikira ku 1-3 ma lymph node, kapena ndi pakati pa 2 ndi 5 cm ndipo sichinafalikire kumatenda amtundu uliwonse.
• Gawo 2B: Chotupacho chili pakati pa 2 ndi 5 cm ndipo chafalikira ku 1-3 axillary (armpit) lymph node, kapena chimaposa 5 cm ndipo sichinafalikire kumatenda amtundu uliwonse.

Gawo 3 khansa ya m'mawere

• Gawo 3A:
  • Khansara yafalikira mpaka ku 4-9 axillary lymph node kapena yakulitsa ma mammary lymph node, ndipo chotupa choyambirira chimatha kukula kulikonse.
  • Zotupa zimaposa masentimita asanu ndipo khansara yafalikira mpaka ku 1-3 ma axillary lymph node kapena mfundo zilizonse zam'mafupa.
• Gawo 3B: Chotupa chalowa pakhoma pachifuwa kapena pakhungu ndipo mwina sichitha kulowa m'ma lymph 9.
• Gawo 3C: Khansa imapezeka m'mizere 10 kapena kupitilira apo, ma lymph node pafupi ndi kolala, kapena matumbo amkati amkati.

Gawo 4 khansa ya m'mawere

Gawo khansa ya m'mawere ya 4 imatha kukhala ndi chotupa chamtundu uliwonse, ndipo maselo ake a khansa afalikira kumatenda am'mimba apafupi komanso kumadera akutali.

Kuyesedwa kwa dokotala wanu kumatsimikizira gawo la khansa yanu ya m'mawere, yomwe ingakhudze chithandizo chanu. Pezani momwe magawo a khansa ya m'mawere amathandizira.

Kuzindikira kwa khansa ya m'mawere

Kuti mudziwe ngati zizindikiro zanu zimayambitsidwa ndi khansa ya m'mawere kapena matenda oopsa a m'mawere, dokotala wanu adzayesa mthupi mwathu kuwonjezera pa kuyesedwa kwa m'mawere. Angathenso kufunsa mayeso amodzi kapena angapo kuti athe kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikilo zanu.

Mayeso omwe angathandize kuzindikira khansa ya m'mawere ndi awa:

• Mammogram. Njira yodziwika kwambiri yowonera pansi pa bere lanu ndikuyesa kujambula kotchedwa mammogram. Amayi ambiri azaka 40 kapena kupitilira apo amalandira mammograms apachaka kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Ngati dokotala akukayikira kuti mungakhale ndi chotupa kapena malo okayikira, adzapemphanso mammogram. Ngati malo achilendo awonekera pa mammogram yanu, dokotala wanu atha kufunsa mayeso ena.
• Ultrasound. Chifuwa cha m'mawere chimagwiritsa ntchito mafunde akumveka kuti apange chithunzi cha ziphuphu mkatikati mwa bere lanu. Ultrasound ingathandize dokotala wanu kusiyanitsa pakati pa misa yolimba, monga chotupa, ndi chotupa chosaopsa.

Dokotala wanu angathenso kupereka mayesero monga MRI kapena chifuwa cha m'mawere. Phunzirani za mayeso ena omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira khansa ya m'mawere.

Chifuwa cha m'mawere

Ngati dokotala akukayikira khansa ya m'mawere, atha kuyitanitsa mammogram ndi ultrasound. Ngati mayesero onse awiriwa sangathe kuuza dokotala ngati muli ndi khansa, dokotala wanu atha kuchita mayeso otchedwa biopsy ya m'mawere.

Pakuyesa uku, dokotala wanu akuchotsani mtundu wazinyalala mdera lokayikitsa kuti akamuyese. Pali mitundu ingapo yamabere biopsies. Ndi ena mwa mayesowa, dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito singano kuti atenge mawonekedwe ake. Ndi ena, amadula pachifuwa panu kenako ndikuchotsa chitsanzocho.

Dokotala wanu azitumiza nyembazo ku labotale. Ngati mayeserowa ali ndi khansa, labu ikhoza kuyesanso kuti iuze dokotala mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo. Phunzirani zambiri zam'mabere biopsies, momwe mungakonzekerere imodzi, ndi zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere

Gawo lanu la khansa ya m'mawere, momwe lagwere (ngati latero), komanso kukula kwa chotupacho zonse zimathandiza kwambiri pakudziwitsa mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe mungafune.

Poyamba, dokotala wanu adzazindikira kukula kwa khansa, gawo, ndi kalasi (momwe zingathere kukula ndi kufalikira). Pambuyo pake, mutha kukambirana zosankha zanu. Opaleshoni ndi njira yodziwika bwino yothandizira khansa ya m'mawere. Amayi ambiri amakhala ndi zochiritsira zowonjezera, monga chemotherapy, chithandizo chofunikira, radiation, kapena mankhwala a mahomoni.

Opaleshoni

Mitundu ingapo ya opaleshoni ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa khansa ya m'mawere, kuphatikizapo:

• Lumpectomy. Njirayi imachotsa chotupacho ndi minofu ina yoyandikana nayo, kusiya mabere ena onse.
• Kugonana. Pochita izi, dotolo wa opaleshoni amachotsa bere lonse.
• Chidziwitso cha Sentinel. Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumachotsa ma lymph node angapo omwe amalandira ngalande kuchokera pachotupacho. Ma lymph node awa adzayesedwa. Ngati alibe khansa, mwina simungafunike opaleshoni yowonjezerapo kuti muchotse ma lymph node ambiri.
• Axillary lymph node kusokoneza. Ngati ma lymph node atachotsedwa munthawi ya sentinel biopsy ili ndi maselo a khansa, dokotala wanu akhoza kuchotsa ma lymph node ena.
• Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Ngakhale khansa ya m'mawere ikhoza kupezeka mu bere limodzi lokha, azimayi ena amasankhidwa kuti akhale ndi njira yolembetsera matenda opatsirana pogonana. Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumachotsa bere lanu lathanzi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chodwalanso khansa ya m'mawere.

Thandizo la radiation

Ndi mankhwala a radiation, matumba oyenda mwamphamvu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsata ndikupha ma cell a khansa. Mankhwala ambiri a radiation amagwiritsa ntchito cheza chakunja chakunja. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsa ntchito makina akulu kunja kwa thupi.

Kupita patsogolo kwa chithandizo cha khansa kwathandizanso madotolo kutulutsa khansa kuchokera mkati mthupi. Mankhwalawa amatchedwa brachytherapy. Pochita brachytherapy, madokotala ochita opaleshoni amaika mbewu zotulutsa ma radioactive, kapena pellets, mkati mwa thupi pafupi ndi chotupacho. Mbeu zimakhala pamenepo kwakanthawi kochepa ndikugwira ntchito yowononga ma cell a khansa.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga maselo a khansa. Anthu ena amatha kulandira chemotherapy pawokha, koma mtundu uwu wamankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena, makamaka opaleshoni.

Nthawi zina, madokotala amakonda kupatsa odwala chemotherapy asanachite opareshoni. Chiyembekezo ndikuti chithandizochi chichepetsa chotupacho, kenako opareshoniyo siyiyenera kukhala yowopsa. Chemotherapy ili ndi zovuta zambiri zosafunikira, chifukwa chake kambiranani nkhawa zanu ndi dokotala musanayambe kumwa mankhwala.

Thandizo la mahomoni

Ngati khansa ya m'mawere imakhudzidwa ndi mahomoni, dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani pa mankhwala a mahomoni. Estrogen ndi progesterone, mahomoni awiri achikazi, amatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa zotupa za khansa ya m'mawere. Thandizo la mahomoni limagwira ntchito poletsa thupi lanu kuti lipangire mahomoniwa, kapena potseka zolandilira zamafuta m'maselo a khansa. Izi zitha kuthandiza pang'onopang'ono komanso kuletsa kukula kwa khansa yanu.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala ena adapangidwa kuti athane ndi zovuta zina kapena zosintha zina m'maselo a khansa. Mwachitsanzo, Herceptin (trastuzumab) ikhoza kuletsa thupi lanu kupanga mapuloteni a HER2. HER2 imathandiza kuti maselo a khansa ya m'mawere akule, chifukwa chake kumwa mankhwala kuti muchepetse kupanga kwa puloteni iyi kungathandize kuchepetsa khansa kukula.

Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni zambiri zamankhwala omwe angakupatseni. Dziwani zambiri za chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere, komanso momwe mahomoni amakhudzira kukula kwa khansa.

Kusamalira khansa ya m'mawere

Mukawona chotupa kapena malo osazolowereka m'mawere anu, kapena muli ndi zisonyezo zina za khansa ya m'mawere, konzekerani kukaonana ndi dokotala wanu. Mwayi ndi wabwino kuti si khansa ya m'mawere. Mwachitsanzo, pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingayambitse zotupa za m'mawere.

Koma ngati vuto lanu litakhala khansa, kumbukirani kuti chithandizo choyambirira ndichinsinsi. Khansa ya m'mawere yoyambirira imatha kuchiritsidwa ndikuchiritsidwa ngati ipezeka mwachangu. Khansa ya m'mawere ikamaloledwa kukula, chithandizo chovuta kwambiri chimakhala.

Ngati mwalandira kale matenda a khansa ya m'mawere, kumbukirani kuti mankhwala a khansa akupitilizabe kusintha, monganso zotsatira zake. Chifukwa chake tsatirani ndondomeko yanu yamankhwala ndikuyesetsa kukhala ndi chiyembekezo. Dziwani zambiri za momwe amaganizira magawo osiyanasiyana a khansa ya m'mawere.

Kodi khansa ya m'mawere ndi yotani?

Khansa ya m'mawere Healthline ndi pulogalamu yaulere kwa anthu omwe adakumana ndi matenda a khansa ya m'mawere. Pulogalamuyi imapezeka pa App Store ndi Google Play. Tsitsani apa.

Malinga ndi khansa, khansa ya m'mawere ndi yomwe imafala kwambiri pakati pa azimayi. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku ACS, pafupifupi 268,600 omwe amapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mawere akuyembekezereka kupezeka ku United States mu 2019. Khansa ya m'mawere yowopsa ndi khansa yomwe yafalikira kuchokera ku madontho kapena matumbo kupita mbali zina za bere. Amayi oposa 41,000 akuyembekezeka kufa ndi matendawa.

Khansa ya m'mawere imapezekanso mwa amuna. ACS ikuwonetsanso kuti mu 2019, amuna opitilira 2,600 apezeka, ndipo pafupifupi amuna 500 adzafa ndi matendawa. Dziwani zambiri za nambala ya khansa ya m'mawere padziko lonse lapansi.

Zowopsa za khansa ya m'mawere

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wanu wopeza khansa ya m'mawere. Komabe, kukhala ndi izi sikutanthauza kuti mudzakhaladi ndi matendawa.

Zina mwaziwopsezo sizingapewe, monga mbiri ya banja. Mutha kusintha zina zowopsa, monga kusuta. Zowopsa za khansa ya m'mawere ndi monga:

• Zaka. Chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere chikuwonjezeka mukamakula. Khansa yambiri yam'mimba imapezeka mwa amayi azaka zopitilira 55.
• Kumwa mowa. Kumwa mowa kwambiri kumabweretsa chiopsezo.
• Kukhala ndi minofu ya m'mawere. Minyewa yambiri yamawere imapangitsa mammograms kukhala ovuta kuwerenga. Zimakulitsanso chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere.
• Jenda. Oyera azimayi ali pachiwopsezo chotenga khansa ya m'mawere kuwirikiza nthawi 100 kuposa amuna azungu, ndipo azimayi akuda amatenga khansa ya m'mawere kuposa 70 kuposa amuna akuda.
• Chibadwa. Amayi omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa majini a BRCA1 ndi BRCA2 ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya m'mawere kuposa azimayi omwe alibe. Kusintha kwina kwa majini kungakhudzenso chiopsezo chanu.
• Msambo woyambirira. Ngati mutakhala ndi nthawi yoyamba musanakwanitse zaka 12, muli ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya m'mawere.
• Kubala ukalamba. Amayi omwe alibe mwana wawo woyamba kufikira atakwanitsa zaka 35 amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya m'mawere.
• Thandizo la mahomoni. Azimayi omwe amamwa kapena kumwa mankhwala a postmenopausal estrogen ndi progesterone kuti athe kuchepetsa zizindikilo zakusamba kwa msambo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere.
• Chiopsezo chotengera. Ngati wachibale wapafupi ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere, muli ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala nayo khansa. Izi zikuphatikiza amayi anu, agogo anu, mlongo wanu, kapena mwana wanu wamkazi. Ngati mulibe mbiri yakubadwa ya khansa ya m'mawere, mutha kukhalabe ndi khansa ya m'mawere. M'malo mwake, azimayi ambiri omwe amakhala nawo alibe mbiri yakubadwa kwa matendawa.
• Kusamba mochedwa mochedwa kumayamba. Amayi omwe samayamba kusamba kufikira atakwanitsa zaka 55 ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya m'mawere.
• Osakhala ndi pakati. Amayi omwe sanatenge mimba kapena sanakhale ndi pakati mpaka nthawi yayitali atha kukhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere.
• Khansara yam'mbuyomu yam'mbuyo. Ngati mwakhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere pachifuwa chimodzi, muli ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere m'chifuwa chanu china kapena dera lina lachiwerewere.

Kuchuluka kwa khansa ya m'mawere

Kuchuluka kwa khansa ya m'mawere kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana pazinthu zambiri. Zinthu ziwiri zofunika kwambiri ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo komanso gawo la khansa panthawi yomwe mukudziwa. Zina zomwe zingatenge gawo ndi zaka zanu, jenda, komanso mtundu.

Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti kuchuluka kwa khansa ya m'mawere kukukwera. Malinga ndi ACS, mu 1975, zaka 5 zakufa kwa khansa ya m'mawere mwa azimayi zinali 75.2 peresenti. Koma kwa azimayi omwe amapezeka pakati pa 2008 ndi 2014, anali 90.6%. Kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu za khansa ya m'mawere kumasiyana kutengera gawo lomwe amapezeka, kuyambira 99% ya khansa yakomweko, koyambirira mpaka 27 peresenti ya khansa yapamwambayi. Dziwani zambiri za ziwerengero zopulumuka komanso zomwe zimawakhudza.

Kupewa khansa ya m'mawere

Ngakhale pali zovuta zomwe simungathe kuzilamulira, kutsatira moyo wathanzi, kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi, komanso kutenga njira zilizonse zodzitetezera zomwe dokotala akuwalimbikitsa kungakuthandizeni kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Zinthu za moyo

Zomwe mumachita zimakhudza chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere. Mwachitsanzo, azimayi onenepa kwambiri ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya m'mawere. Kukhala ndi zakudya zabwino komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungakuthandizeni kuti muchepetse thupi komanso muchepetse chiopsezo.

Kumwa mowa kwambiri kumawonjezeranso ngozi. Izi ndizowona pakumwa zakumwa ziwiri kapena zingapo patsiku, komanso zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Komabe, kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti ngakhale kumwa kamodzi patsiku kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere. Ngati mumamwa mowa, kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu za kuchuluka kwa zomwe angakupatseni.

Kuunika khansa ya m'mawere

Kukhala ndi mammograms pafupipafupi sikungalepheretse khansa ya m'mawere, koma kungathandize kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe sizimadziwika. American College of Physicians (ACP) imapereka malingaliro otsatirawa kwa azimayi omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere:

• Amayi azaka 40 mpaka 49: Mammogram yapachaka siyabwino, koma amayi ayenera kukambirana zomwe amakonda ndi madotolo awo.
• Amayi azaka 50 mpaka 74: Kuyeserera mammogram chaka chilichonse kumalimbikitsidwa.
• Azimayi 75 kapena kupitirira: Mammograms salinso ovomerezeka.

ACP imalimbikitsanso motsutsana ndi mammograms azimayi omwe amayembekeza kukhala ndi moyo zaka 10 kapena zochepa.

Awa ndi malangizo okhaokha, ndipo malingaliro ochokera ku American Cancer Society (ACS) amasiyana. Malinga ndi ACS, azimayi akuyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wolandila zowonera pachaka ali ndi zaka 40, kuyamba kuwunika pachaka chilichonse ali ndi zaka 45, ndikusunthira zaka ziwiri ali ndi zaka 55.

Malangizo apadera a mammograms ndiosiyana kwa mayi aliyense, chifukwa chake lankhulani ndi dokotala kuti muwone ngati mungapeze mammograms wamba.

Chithandizo choyambirira

Amayi ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere chifukwa chobadwa nawo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati amayi kapena abambo anu ali ndi kusintha kwa majini a BRCA1 kapena BRCA2, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenganso. Izi zimakulitsa chiopsezo chanu cha khansa ya m'mawere.

Ngati muli pachiwopsezo cha kusinthaku, lankhulani ndi adokotala za njira zomwe mungapezere matenda ndi mankhwala. Mungafune kuyesedwa kuti mudziwe ngati mukusintha. Ndipo ngati muphunzira kuti muli nacho, kambiranani ndi dokotala njira zilizonse zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse kutenga khansa ya m'mawere. Izi zingaphatikizepo prophylactic mastectomy (kuchotsedwa kwa bere).

Kuyesa mabere

Kuphatikiza pa mammograms, mayeso a m'mawere ndi njira ina yowonera zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mawere.

Kudziyesa nokha

Amayi ambiri amadziyesa pachifuwa. Ndi bwino kuchita mayeso awa kamodzi pamwezi, nthawi yomweyo mwezi uliwonse. Kuyezetsa kumatha kukuthandizani kudziwa momwe mabere anu amawonekera ndikumverera kotero kuti muzindikire zosintha zilizonse zomwe zimachitika.

Kumbukirani, komabe, kuti ACS imawona mayeso awa kukhala osankha, chifukwa kafukufuku wapano sanawonetse phindu lenileni la mayeso athupi, kaya amachitikira kunyumba kapena ndi dokotala.

Kuyezetsa bere ndi dokotala wanu

Malangizo omwewo pazodzipimira omwe aperekedwa pamwambapa ndiowona poyesa mawere ndi dokotala kapena wothandizira ena. Sangakupwetekeni, ndipo adotolo atha kukayezetsa m'mawere mukamayendera chaka chilichonse.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimakukhudzani, ndibwino kuti dokotala wanu ayesedwe pachifuwa. Pakati pa mayeso, dokotala wanu amayang'ana mawere anu onse ngati ali ndi malo osazolowereka kapena zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mawere. Dokotala wanu amathanso kuyang'ana mbali zina za thupi lanu kuti awone ngati zizindikilo zomwe muli nazo zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi vuto lina. Phunzirani zambiri za zomwe dokotala angayang'ane poyesa mawere.

Chidziwitso cha khansa ya m'mawere

Mwamwayi kwa amayi ndi abambo padziko lonse lapansi, anthu masiku ano akudziwa bwino zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Ntchito zodziwitsa anthu za khansa ya m'mawere zathandiza anthu kudziwa zomwe zimawopsa, momwe angachepetsere chiopsezo chawo, zizindikiritso zomwe ayenera kuyang'ana, ndi kuwunika kotani komwe akuyenera kukhala nako.

Mwezi Wodziwitsa Khansa ya M'mawere umachitika mu Okutobala lililonse, koma anthu ambiri amafalitsa uthengawu chaka chonse. Onani mabulogu awa a khansa ya m'mawere kuti mumvetsetse kuchokera kwa azimayi omwe ali ndi matendawa mwachidwi komanso nthabwala.