Kufufuza Kwakuwotcha

Zamkati

• Kodi kuyesa kuwotcha ndi chiyani?
• Kodi mitundu yoyaka mitundu ndi yotani?
• Kodi kuwunika kotentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito motani?
• Nchiyani chinanso chimachitika pakuwunika kwamoto?
• Kodi pali china chilichonse chomwe ndiyenera kudziwa pakuwunika kwamoto?
• Zolemba

Kodi kuyesa kuwotcha ndi chiyani?

Kutentha ndi mtundu wovulaza pakhungu ndi / kapena ziwalo zina. Khungu ndilo chiwalo chachikulu kwambiri mthupi lanu. Ndikofunikira kuteteza thupi ku zovulala kapena matenda. Zimathandizanso kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi. Khungu likavulala kapena kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kupsa, zimapweteka kwambiri. Mavuto ena azaumoyo chifukwa chakutentha atha kuphatikizira kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi (kutayika kwamadzimadzi ochulukirapo m'thupi lanu), kupuma movutikira, ndi matenda owopsa. Kuwotcha kumathandizanso kuti munthu akhale wolumala mpaka kalekale.

Kuwunika kotentha kumayang'ana momwe khungu ladzera kutentha (kutentha kwapadera) ndi kuchuluka kwa malo amthupi omwe awotchedwa.

Zowotcha nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi:

• Kutentha, monga moto kapena zakumwa zotentha. Izi zimadziwika ngati kutentha kwamphamvu.
• Mankhwala, monga zidulo kapena zotsekemera. Zitha kuyambitsa kutentha ngati zingakhudze khungu lanu kapena maso.
• Magetsi. Mutha kuwotchedwa pamene magetsi akudutsa mthupi lanu.
• Dzuwa. Mutha kupsa ndi dzuwa ngati mumakhala nthawi yayitali padzuwa, makamaka ngati simumavala zoteteza ku dzuwa.
• Mafunde. Kupsa kwamtunduwu kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi mankhwala ena a khansa.
• Mikangano. Khungu likaphulika pamwamba kwambiri, limatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale mabala (scrape) omwe amadziwika kuti kutentha pamoto. Kutentha kwamatenda nthawi zambiri kumachitika panjinga kapena njinga yamoto njinga yamoto ikaphulika pamiyala. Zina mwazifukwa zimaphatikizapo kutsetsereka ndi chingwe mwachangu kwambiri ndikugwera pa chopondera.

Mayina ena: kuwunika kwamoto

Kodi mitundu yoyaka mitundu ndi yotani?

Mitundu yamoto imayaka chifukwa chakuvulala kwake, komwe kumadziwika kuti kutentha. Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu.

• Kutentha koyamba. Uwu ndiye mtundu woyaka kwambiri. Zimangokhudza khungu lakunja, lotchedwa epidermis. Kuwotcha koyambirira kumatha kubweretsa kupweteka komanso kufiira, koma palibe zotupa kapena zilonda zotseguka. Kutenthedwa ndi dzuwa ndi mtundu wamba wa kuwotcha koyambirira. Kuwotcha koyambirira nthawi zambiri kumatha patatha sabata limodzi kapena apo. Zithandizo zapakhomo zingaphatikizepo kulowetsa malowo m'madzi ozizira ndikumavala ndi bandeji wosabala. Mankhwala owonjezera pa ululu amathandizanso kupweteka pang'ono.
• Kutentha kwachiwiri, yotchedwanso makulidwe amtundu woyaka. Kuwotcha uku ndikokulirapo kuposa kuwotcha koyambirira. Kutentha kwachiwiri kumakhudza khungu lakunja ndi pakati pakhungu, lotchedwa dermis. Amatha kuyambitsa kupweteka, kufiira, ndi matuza. Kuwotcha kwina kwachiwiri kungachiritsidwe ndi mafuta opha maantibayotiki ndi mabandeji osabala. Kuwotcha koopsa kwambiri kwachiwiri kungafune njira yotchedwa kumezanitsa khungu. Kukhomerera pakhungu kumagwiritsa ntchito khungu lachilengedwe kapena lochita kuphimba ndikuteteza malo ovulalawo pamene akuchiritsidwa. Kutentha kwachiwiri kungayambitse mabala.
• Kutentha kwachitatu, yotchedwanso kutentha kwathunthu. Uwu ndiye mtundu woyaka kwambiri. Zimakhudza kunja, pakati, ndi mkatikati mwa khungu. Wosanjikiza wamkati amadziwika kuti wosanjikiza wamafuta. Kuwotcha kwachitatu nthawi zambiri kumawononga zidutswa za tsitsi, thukuta la thukuta, kutha kwa mitsempha, ndi ziwalo zina pakhungu. Kuwotcha kumeneku kumakhala kopweteka kwambiri. Koma ngati maselo amitsempha yopweteka awonongeka, pangakhale zopweteka pang'ono kapena zopweteka poyamba. Kuwotcha kumeneku kumatha kuyambitsa ziboda zazikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri kumafunikira kuthandizidwa ndi zolumikizira khungu.

Kuphatikiza pa mtundu wa digiri, zopsereza zimaphatikizidwanso m'zigawo zazing'ono, zochepa, kapena zovuta. Pafupifupi kuwotcha konse koyambirira komanso kuwotcha kwachiwiri kumatengedwa ngati zazing'ono. Ngakhale zimakhala zopweteka kwambiri, sizimayambitsa mavuto. Kuwotcha kwina kwachiwiri ndi kuwotcha konse kwachitatu kumatengedwa ngati kwapakatikati kapena kovuta. Kupsa pang'ono komanso koyipa kumayambitsa mavuto akulu ndipo nthawi zina amapha.

Kodi kuwunika kotentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito motani?

Kuwotcha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuvulala koopsa pang'ono. Mukayezetsa kutentha, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu amayang'ana mosamala bala. Awonanso kuchuluka kwa thupi lathunthu (TBSA) lomwe lawotchedwa. Wothandizira anu akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa "Rule of nines" kuti apeze kuyerekezera uku. Malamulo a nines amagawa thupi kukhala magawo a 9% kapena 18% (2 times 9). Magawowa agawika motere:

• Mutu ndi khosi: 9% ya TBSA
• Dzanja lililonse: 9% TBSA
• Mwendo uliwonse: 18% TBSA
• Thunthu lakutsogolo (kutsogolo kwa thupi) 18% TBSA
• Thunthu lakumbuyo (kumbuyo kwa thupi) 18% TBSA

Malingaliro a nines sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa ana. Matupi awo ndi osiyana mosiyana ndi achikulire. Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zotentha zomwe zimaphimba sing'anga mpaka malo akulu, omwe akukupatsani akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito tchati, chotchedwa tchati cha Lund-Browder, kuti muwerengere. Izi zimapereka kuyerekezera kolondola kutengera msinkhu wa mwana ndi kukula kwa thupi.

Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zotentha zomwe zimakhudza gawo laling'ono, omwe amakupatsani mwayi atha kugwiritsa ntchito kuyerekezera kutengera kukula kwa kanjedza, komwe kuli pafupifupi 1% ya TBSA.

Nchiyani chinanso chimachitika pakuwunika kwamoto?

Ngati muli ndi vuto lalikulu lakuwotcha, mungafunikenso kuwunika kwadzidzidzi kotchedwa kuwunika kwa ABCDE. Kufufuza kwa ABCDE kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika machitidwe ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira a thupi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitikira m'maambulansi, zipinda zadzidzidzi, ndi zipatala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto osiyanasiyana owopsa, kuphatikizapo kuwotcha kwambiri. "ABCDE" imayimira cheke ichi:

• Ndege. Wothandizira zaumoyo adzawona ngati pali zotchinga zilizonse panjira yanu.
• Kupuma. Wothandizira amayang'ana ngati ali ndi vuto lakupuma, kuphatikiza kukhosomola, kuphulika, kapena kupuma. Wothandizirayo atha kugwiritsa ntchito stethoscope kuwunika momwe mpweya wanu umamvekera.
• Kuzungulira. Wopereka chithandizo adzagwiritsa ntchito zida zowunika mtima wanu ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Akhoza kulowetsa chubu chowonda chotchedwa catheter mumtsempha mwanu. Catheter ndi chubu chochepa kwambiri chomwe chimanyamula madzi m'thupi lanu. Kutentha kumatha kuyambitsa kuchepa kwamadzimadzi.
• Kulemala. Wopereka chithandizo adzawunika ngati pali kuwonongeka kwa ubongo. Izi zikuphatikiza kuwona kuti muwone momwe mumayankhira pakulimbikitsana kwamawu ndi kwakuthupi.
• Kukhudzika. Wopezera chithandizo amachotsa mankhwala aliwonse kapena zinthu zina zoyaka pakhungu pomwaza madzi pamalo ovulalawo. Amatha kumangirira malowo ndi chovala chosabereka. Wothandizirayo awonanso kutentha kwanu, ndikufunditsani ndi bulangeti ndi madzi ofunda ngati kuli kofunikira.

Kodi pali china chilichonse chomwe ndiyenera kudziwa pakuwunika kwamoto?

Kuwotcha ndi moto ndichinayi chomwe chimayambitsa kufa mwangozi kwa ana ndi akulu ku US Ana achichepere, achikulire, ndi anthu olumala ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chovulala ndikuwotcha. Ngozi zowopsa zambiri zitha kupewedwa ndi njira zina zodzitetezera. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Ikani chotenthetsera madzi mpaka 120 ° F.
• Yesani kutentha kwa madzi inu kapena mwana wanu musanalowe mu kabati kapena shawa.
• Tembenuzani zogwirira za miphika ndi mapeni kumbuyo kwa chitofu, kapena gwiritsani ntchito zoyatsira kumbuyo.
• Gwiritsani ntchito ma alamu a utsi mnyumba mwanu ndikuyang'ana mabatire miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse.
• Onetsetsani zingwe zamagetsi pakapita miyezi ingapo. Tulutsani zilizonse zomwe zasokonekera kapena zawonongeka.
• Ikani zophimba pazipinda zamagetsi zomwe zimafikira mwana.
• Ngati mumasuta, musasute pabedi. Moto woyambitsidwa ndi ndudu, mapaipi, ndi ndudu ndizo zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa anthu m'nyumba zamoto.
• Samalani mukamagwiritsa ntchito zotenthetsera malo. Zisungeni kutali ndi zofunda, zovala, ndi zinthu zina zoyaka. Osamawasiya osayang'aniridwa.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zamankhwala othandizira kupewa kapena kupewa, lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo kapena omwe amakupatsani mwana wanu.

Zolemba

1. Kuphatikiza A, Raibagkar SC, Vora HJ. Kutentha Kwa Mkangano: Epidemiology and Prevention. Ann Burns Masoka Amoto [Internet]. 2008 Mar 31 [yotchulidwa 2019 Meyi 19]; (1): 3-6. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188131
2. Chipatala cha Ana ku Wisconsin [Internet]. Milwaukee: Chipatala cha Ana ku Wisconsin; c2019. Zambiri zovulaza pamoto; [wotchulidwa 2019 Meyi 8]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 4]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.chw.org/medical-care/burn-program/burns/facts-about-burn-injury
3. Familydoctor.org [Intaneti]. Leawood (KS): American Academy of Family Physicians; c2019. Zoyaka: Kupewa Kupsa M'nyumba Mwanu; [yasinthidwa 2017 Mar 23; yatchulidwa 2019 Meyi 8]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 4]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://familydoctor.org/burns-preventing-burns-in-your-home
4. Merck Manual Consumer Version [Intaneti]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc .; c2019. Kutentha; [wotchulidwa 2019 Meyi 8]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 2]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/burns/burns?query=burn%20evaluation
5. National Institute of General Medical Sayansi [Intaneti]. Bethesda (MD): Kuwotcha; [yasinthidwa 2018 Jan; yatchulidwa 2019 Meyi 8]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 2]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/pages/Factsheet_Burns.aspx
6. Olgers TJ, Dijkstra RS, Drost-de-Klerck AM, Ter Maaten JC. Kuwunika koyambirira kwa ABCDE mu dipatimenti yadzidzidzi mwa odwala omwe akudwala: kafukufuku woyang'anira woyang'anira. Neth J Med [Intaneti]. 2017 Apr [yotchulidwa 2019 Meyi 8]; 75 (3): 106–111. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28469050
7. Strauss S, Gillespie GL. Kuunika koyamba ndi kasamalidwe ka odwala owotcha. Ndine Namwino Masiku Ano [Intaneti]. 2018 Jun [wotchulidwa 2019 Meyi 8]; 13 (6): 16-19. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.americannursetoday.com/initial-assessment-mgmt-burn-patients
8. TETAF: Texas EMS Trauma and Acute Care Foundation [Internet]. Austin (TX): Texas EMS Trauma ndi Acute Care Foundation; c2000–2019. Ndondomeko Yowunikira Zamankhwala; [wotchulidwa 2019 Meyi 8]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 4]. Ipezeka kuchokera: http://tetaf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Burn-Practice-Guideline.pdf
9. Thim T, Vinther Karup NH, Grove EL, Rohde CV, Lofgren B. Kuyesa koyambirira ndi chithandizo ndi njira ya Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure (ABCDE). Int J Gen Med [Intaneti]. 2012 Jan 31 [yotchulidwa 2019 Meyi 8]; 2012 (5): 117-121. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273374
10. University of Rochester Medical Center [Intaneti]. Rochester (NY): Yunivesite ya Rochester Medical Center; c2019. Health Encyclopedia: Zowunikira mwachidule; [wotchulidwa 2019 Meyi 8]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 2]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01737
11. UW Health [Intaneti]. Madison (WI): Zipatala za University of Wisconsin ndi Clinics Authority; c2019. Burn Center: Burn Center Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri; [yasinthidwa 2019 Feb 11; yatchulidwa 2019 Meyi 8]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 3]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.uwhealth.org/burn-center/burn-center-frequently-asked-questions/29616
12. UW Health [Intaneti]. Madison (WI): Zipatala za University of Wisconsin ndi Clinics Authority; c2019. Emergency Medicine: Kuyesa Kuwotcha ndi Kukonzekera Kukonzanso: Lamulo la Nines; [yasinthidwa 2017 Jul 24; yatchulidwa 2019 Meyi 8]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 3]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.uwhealth.org/emergency-room/assessing-burns-and-planning-resuscitation-the-rule-of-nines/12698
13. World Health Organization [Intaneti]. Geneva (SUI): World Health Organisation; c2019. Kuwongolera kwa Burns; 2003 [yotchulidwa 2019 Meyi 8]; [pafupifupi zowonetsera 4]. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.who.int/surgery/publications/Burns_management.pdf

Zomwe zili patsamba lino siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chithandizo chamankhwala kapena upangiri. Lumikizanani ndi othandizira azaumoyo ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi thanzi lanu.