Kodi khansa ya mafupa (fupa) ndi chiyani, zizindikiro, kuzindikira ndi mitundu

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Mitundu yake ndi iti
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Khansara ya mafupa ndi chotupa chomwe chimachokera m'maselo achilendo opangidwa ndi mafupa kapena chimatha kuchokera ku maselo a khansa m'ziwalo zina, monga bere, mapapo ndi prostate, yomwe imadziwika ndi metastasis. Pali mitundu ingapo ya khansa ya mafupa, koma zizindikilozo zimakhala zofanana kwambiri, ndipo pakhoza kukhala kuwawa ndi kutupa m'malo olumikizirana mafupa komanso mafupipafupi omwe amapezeka mosavuta, omwe amadziwika kuti mafupa am'magazi.

Matendawa amapangidwa ndi orthopedist kapena oncologist kudzera mayeso monga X-rays, magnetic resonance, computed tomography, pet scan ndi bone biopsy. Chithandizo cha khansa ya mafupa chitha kuchitika ndi chemotherapy, radiation radiation kapena opaleshoni, kutengera kukula, mtundu ndi malo a chotupacho.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri za khansa ya mafupa ndi monga:

• Kupweteka kwa mafupa: kawirikawiri kupweteka sikumangokhala pachiyambi, koma kumatha kukhala kwakukulu usiku kapena miyendo ikasunthidwa, monga poyenda;
• Kutupa kwamafundo: nodule amatha kuwonekera m'malo olumikizirana mafupa, kuwonjezeka kupweteka komanso kusapeza bwino, makamaka m'maondo ndi m'zigongono;
• Mafupa omwe amathyoka mosavuta: Matenda am'magazi amatha kuchitika, ndipamene mafupa amathyoka mosavuta chifukwa cha kufooka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chotupacho, ndikuphwanya kwa chikazi kapena msana kumakhala kofala kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza pa zizindikilo izi za khansa, chotupacho chimatha kuyambitsa kuwonda popanda chifukwa, kutopa kwambiri komanso kutentha thupi kosalekeza. Ngati khansara imafalikira ku ziwalo zina, monga mapapu mwachitsanzo, imatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zina, monga kupuma movutikira.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Dotolo akakayikira kuti fupa lavulala, amatha kuyitanitsa X-ray, chifukwa X-ray imatha kuwonetsa kupunduka m'mafupa kapena munthawi yapafupi, monga minofu ndi mafuta. Nthawi zina, adotolo amathanso kuyitanitsa X-ray pachifuwa kuti awone ngati khansa yomwe ili mufupa yafalikira m'mapapu, koma izi zimangokhala pomwe kutsimikizika kwatsimikizika.

Kujambula kwa maginito ndimayeso omwe dokotala akuwonetsa bwino kuti atsimikizire khansa ya mafupa ndikufotokozera kukula ndi chotupacho, koma kuwerengera kwa tomography ndikuwunika ziweto kungalimbikitsidwenso, chifukwa zimatha kuwonetsa ngati malo ena m'thupi ndi okhudzidwa ndi matendawa. Kuphatikiza apo, kufupikitsa mafupa kumachitidwanso molumikizana ndi mayeso enawa, chifukwa kumawonetsa mtundu wamaselo achilendo omwe akuyambitsa khansa ya mafupa.

Mitundu yake ndi iti

Pali mitundu ingapo ya khansa m'mafupa, kutengera gawo la fupa, minofu ndi mtundu wa khungu lomwe limapanga chotupacho, monga:

• Osteosarcoma: ndi mtundu womwe umayamba kuchokera kumaselo omwe amachititsa kuti mafupa apange, ndipo umapezeka makamaka m'mafupa a mikono, miyendo ndi m'chiuno, pofala kwambiri pagulu lazaka zapakati pa 10 ndi 30;
• Chondrosarcoma: imayamba m'maselo a cartilage, ndi khansa yachiwiri yomwe imafala kwambiri ndipo imapezeka mwa anthu ochepera zaka 20;
• Sarcoma ya Ewing: imatha kuwoneka mwa ana ndi achinyamata, ndizosowa kwambiri kwa achikulire azaka zopitilira 30 ndipo magawo omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mafupa a m'chiuno ndi mafupa atali a miyendo ndi mikono;
• Matenda owopsa a histiocytoma: khansa yamtunduwu imayamba mu mitsempha ndi minyewa yomwe ili pafupi ndi mafupa, kukhala yofala kwambiri kwa okalamba;
• Fibrosarcoma: komanso mtundu wa khansa ya mafupa yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha minofu yofewa, yotchedwa ligaments ndi tendon;
• Chotupa chachikulu cha mafupa: itha kukhala yoyipa kapena yoyipa ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhudza dera la bondo;
• Chordoma: imakula pafupipafupi mwa akulu azaka zopitilira 30 ndikufikira mafupa a chigaza ndi msana.

Kuphatikiza apo, khansa ya m'mafupa siyimayamba nthawi zonse m'maselo amfupa, nthawi zambiri imachitika chifukwa cha metastasis kuchokera ku khansa yayikulu ya chiwalo china, monga khansa ya m'mawere, prostate ndi m'mapapo. Mvetsetsani zomwe metastases ndi momwe mungazizindikirire.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha khansa ya mafupa amawonetsedwa ndi oncologist ndipo zimatengera mtundu wa chotupa, kukula ndi malo ake, ndi chemotherapy, radiotherapy ndipo, nthawi zina, opaleshoni kuti ichotse chotupacho nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa.

Pazovuta kwambiri, m'pofunika kudula chiwalo chomwe chakhudzidwa, kusunga, ngati kuli kotheka, kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe ake kapena kutengera mulandu, endoprosthesis itha kupangidwa, yomwe ndi prosthesis yomwe imagwira ntchito m'malo mwa fupa lomwe lidachotsedwa .

Komabe, khansa ya m'mafupa ili patali kwambiri, yomwe imakonda kupezeka ngati khansa yamtunduwu ndi metastasis, chithandizo chofala kwambiri chimatchedwa chisamaliro chotsitsimutsa, chomwe chimachitidwa kuti moyo wa munthu akhale wabwino, ndi cholinga chochepetsa kupweteka, ndi mankhwala opha ululu, komanso kusapeza chifukwa cha khansa.

Dziwani zambiri za chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mafupa.