Kuchepa kwa mtima: kodi ndi chiyani, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Zomwe zingayambitse kukhathamira kwa mtima
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• 1. Mankhwala oletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi
• 2. Odzetsa
• 3. Digitálico
• 4. Maantibayotiki
• 5. Wopanga pacem
• 6. Kuika mtima
• Zovuta zotheka
• Momwe mungapewere kukhathamira kwa mtima

Kuchepetsa mtima ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwa mitsempha ya mtima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupopera magazi m'mbali zonse za thupi, zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa mtima, arrhythmia, magazi kapena kufa mwadzidzidzi.

Mtundu uwu wamatenda a mtima ndiofala kwambiri mwa amuna azaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 50, ngakhale atha kuchitika m'badwo uliwonse, kuphatikiza ana, ndipo nthawi zambiri sangakhale ndi zizindikilo zosavuta kuzindikira. Komabe, popeza pamakhala zovuta kuti mtima upope magazi, munthuyo amatha kumva kutopa, kufooka kapena kupuma pang'ono, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupite kwa wazachipatala kuti akayesedwe ndikufika pamapeto pake.

Chithandizo cha kuchepa kwa mtima kumawonetsedwa ndi katswiri wamatenda kutengera zizindikilo, zomwe zimayambitsa komanso kuopsa kwa matendawa, ndipo kungafunike kuyika pacemaker pamavuto ovuta kwambiri. Njira yabwino yopewera zovuta za kutukusira kwa mtima ndikutsata pafupipafupi ndi katswiri wamatenda.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa mtima zimafanana ndi zizindikilo za kulephera kwa mtima kapena arrhythmia ndipo zimaphatikizapo:

• Kutopa kwambiri;
• Zofooka;
• Kupuma pang'ono panthawi yolimbitsa thupi, kupumula kapena kugona chafufumimba;
• Zovuta zolimbitsa thupi kapena zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku;
• Kutupa m'miyendo, akakolo kapena mapazi;
• Kutupa kwambiri m'mimba;
• Kupweteka pachifuwa;
• Kutengeka kwa kugunda kwamtima kosasinthasintha;
• Kutengeka kwa phokoso mumtima.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatha kukhala kotsika chifukwa chovuta kwa mtima kupopera magazi.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Kuzindikira kwa kutukusira kwa mtima kumayenera kupangidwa ndi katswiri wamtima potengera zizindikilo, kuwunika mbiri yaumwini komanso banja, kuyezetsa kuchipatala ndi mayeso ena monga chifuwa cha X-ray, kuyesa magazi, electrocardiogram, Holter test, echocardiogram, kuyesa zolimbitsa thupi, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, catheterization kapena mtima biopsy, mwachitsanzo. Dziwani momwe mayeso a Holter amachitikira.

Katswiri wa zamaphunziro a mtima atha kupemphanso kuwunika kwa majini kuti adziwe ngati kukhathamira kwa mtima kungakhale koyambitsidwa ndi majini.

Zomwe zingayambitse kukhathamira kwa mtima

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukhathamira kwa mtima, nthawi zambiri, sizidziwika, kumatchedwa kuti idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Komabe, zina mwazimene zimayambitsa matendawa ndi monga:

• Mtima arrhythmia;
• Kulephera kwamtima;
• Matenda ashuga;
• Kunenepa kwambiri;
• Matenda oopsa;
• Kuledzera;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga cocaine kapena amphetamine;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga corticosteroids;
• Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala monga doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin kapena cyclophosphamide;
• Matenda a Chagas kapena toxoplasmosis;
• Matenda osokoneza bongo monga nyamakazi ya nyamakazi kapena systemic lupus erythematosus;
• Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya onga Mzere wa Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Mycoplasma kapena Chlamydia;
• Matenda omwe ali ndi ma virus monga adenovirus, parvovirus, herpes virus, hepatitis C virus kapena Covid-19;
• Kuwonetseredwa ndi poizoni monga lead, mercury kapena cobalt;
• Zovuta kumapeto moyembekezera;
• Zobadwa zobadwa zomwe zimachitika pobadwa mwana.

Kuchepetsa mtima kumatha kuwonekeranso chifukwa cha zovuta zamtunduwu, chifukwa chake, ndizofala kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mbiri yokhudza matendawa, makamaka akakhudza kholo lililonse.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha kuchepa kwa mtima chikuyenera kuyambika mwachangu, motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wa zamatenda, kupewa zovuta monga kupindika kwa m'mapapo kapena kumangidwa kwamtima, mwachitsanzo.

Chithandizo chitha kuchitika ndi:

1. Mankhwala oletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi

Ma antihypertensives ena atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda opatsirana a mtima chifukwa amathandizira kukonza zotengera ndikuwonjezera magazi, kuphatikiza pakuthandizira ntchito yamtima. Magulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira kuthamanga kwambiri ndi awa:

• Angiotensin-otembenuza enzyme inhibitors monga captopril, enalapril kapena lisinopril;
• Angiotensin otchinga monga losartan, valsartan kapena candesartan;
• Oletsa Beta ngati carvedilol kapena bisoprolol.

Mankhwalawa amathanso kuthandizira kuchiza kapena kupewa kuyambika kwa arrhythmias.

2. Odzetsa

Ma diuretics, monga furosemide kapena indapamide, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kutsekeka kwa mtima pochotsa madzi amthupi ambiri, kuwalepheretsa kupezeka m'mitsempha ndikupangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kumenya mtima.

Kuphatikiza apo, okodzetsa amathandizira kutupa m'miyendo ndi m'mapazi oyambitsidwa ndi matendawa ndi mapapo, ndikuthandizira kupuma bwino.

3. Digitálico

Digitalis yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda am'mimba ndi digoxin yomwe imachita polimbitsa minofu ya mtima, kuthandizira kutsutsana ndikulola kupopera magazi mwaluso.

Mankhwalawa amathandizanso kuchepetsa zizindikilo za kulephera kwa mtima, zomwe zimathandizira kukonza moyo wabwino.

Komabe, digoxin ndi mankhwala owopsa ndipo amafunika kuwunika pafupipafupi ndi mayeso.

4. Maantibayotiki

Maanticoagulants monga warfarin kapena aspirin amachita pochepetsa mamasukidwe akayendedwe amwazi, kuwongolera kupopera kwake ndikupewa kuwonekera kwa ziunda zomwe zingayambitse kuphatikizika kapena zikwapu, mwachitsanzo.

5. Wopanga pacem

Milandu yovuta kwambiri, pomwe chithandizo sichichitike moyenera kapena matendawa amapezeka pambuyo pake, adotolo amalimbikitsanso kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti aike pacemaker mumtima kuti agwirizane ndimphamvu zamagetsi pamtima, kuwongolera ntchito yake ndikuwongolera kugunda kwamtima .

6. Kuika mtima

Kuika mtima kumatha kulimbikitsidwa ndi dokotala ngati palibe njira zina zamankhwala zothandiza, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena pacemaker. Onani momwe kumuika mtima kumachitikira.

Zovuta zotheka

Zovuta zomwe zimachepetsa mtima kungayambitse ndi:

• Kulephera kwamtima;
• Mtima arrhythmia;
• Vuto la valavu yamtima;
• Kudzikundikira madzimadzi m'mapapu, pamimba, miyendo ndi mapazi;
• Kumangidwa kwamtima.

Kuphatikiza apo, kukhathamira kwa mtima kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kuundana kwamagazi komanso kukula kwa kupindika kwa m'mapapo mwanga, infarction kapena stroke.

Momwe mungapewere kukhathamira kwa mtima

Zina mwazinthu zitha kuthandiza kupewa kapena kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kutsekula kwa mtima monga:

• Osasuta;
• Osamwa mowa kapena kumwa pang'ono;
• Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga cocaine kapena amphetamines;
• Pitirizani kulemera wathanzi;
• Chitani zolimbitsa thupi zolimbikitsidwa ndi dokotala;
• Kugona maola 8 mpaka 9 usiku.

Ndikofunika kutsatira malangizo a dokotala ndikudya chakudya chamagulu ochepa mafuta, shuga kapena mchere. Onani mndandanda wazakudya zabwino pamtima.