Chlorambucil, Piritsi Yamlomo

Zamkati

• Mfundo zazikulu za chlorambucil
• Machenjezo ofunikira
• Chenjezo la FDA: Chemotherapy chenjezo la mankhwala
  
• Machenjezo ena
• Kodi chlorambucil ndi chiyani?
• Chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito
• Momwe imagwirira ntchito
• Zotsatira za Chlorambucil
• Zotsatira zofala kwambiri
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Chlorambucil amatha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ena
• Chlorambucil machenjezo
• Chenjezo la ziwengo
• Lumikizanani ndi chenjezo la mankhwala
• Machenjezo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena
• Machenjezo kwa magulu ena
• Momwe mungatengere chlorambucil
• Fomu ya mankhwala ndi mphamvu
• Mlingo wa khansa ya m'magazi yayikulu ya lymphocytic
• Mlingo wa malignant lymphoma (lymphosarcoma, giant follicular lymphoma, ndi matenda a Hodgkin)
• Mlingo machenjezo
• Maselo oyera oyera
  
• Tengani monga mwalamulidwa
• Zofunikira pakumwa chlorambucil
• Zonse
• Yosungirako
• Zowonjezeranso
• Kuyenda
• Kuwunika kuchipatala
• Kupezeka
• Kodi pali njira zina?

Mfundo zazikulu za chlorambucil

1. Pulogalamu yamlomo ya Chlorambucil imapezeka ngati mankhwala odziwika. Sipezeka ngati mankhwala achibadwa. Dzinalo: Leukeran.
2. Chlorambucil imangobwera ngati piritsi lomwe mumamwa.
3. Chlorambucil imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu ina ya khansa yamagazi ndi ma lymph node. Mankhwalawa samachiritsa khansa, koma amathandiza kuthetsa zizindikiro zake.

Machenjezo ofunikira

Chenjezo la FDA: Chemotherapy chenjezo la mankhwala

• Mankhwalawa ali ndi chenjezo lakuda lakuda. Ili ndiye chenjezo lalikulu kwambiri kuchokera ku Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Chenjezo la bokosi lakuda limachenjeza madokotala ndi odwala za zovuta zamankhwala zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa.
• Chlorambucil ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy. Monga mankhwala ena a khansa, chlorambucil imachulukitsa chiopsezo chanu cha khansa zina (zoyipa zachiwiri).
• Kwa amayi, chlorambucil amathanso kuyambitsa kusabereka kapena kupangitsa kuti mwana akhale ndi zofooka ngati mutatenga pakati. Mwa amuna, mankhwalawa amatha kuwononga umuna wanu ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa umuna wanu. Izi zikhoza kukhala kapena sizingatheke.
• Mankhwalawa amathanso kupondereza mafupa anu. Mafupa anu amapanga maselo ofiira ofiira (omwe amatulutsa mpweya mthupi lanu lonse), maselo oyera (omwe amathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda), ndi ma platelet (omwe amathandiza magazi anu kuundana). Ngati kuwerengera kwama cell anu kutsika, dokotala akhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa. Itanani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikilo zakuchepa kwama cell amwazi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutuluka mwadzidzidzi kapena mikwingwirima, magazi mumkodzo kapena ndowe, kutopa kwambiri, malungo, kapena zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda.

Machenjezo ena

• Chenjezo lakhungu pakhungu: Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa khungu. Izi zitha kupha (kuyambitsa imfa). Lolani dokotala wanu kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zakhungu. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kuphulika kwakukulu, zilonda zopweteka, khungu lotupa, kapena khungu losenda. Ngati mukumva izi, dokotala wanu akhoza kusiya kwakanthawi kapena kwamuyaya mankhwalawa.

Kodi chlorambucil ndi chiyani?

Chlorambucil ndi mankhwala omwe mumalandira. Zimangobwera ngati piritsi lokamwa.

Chlorambucil sichipezeka ngati mankhwala achibadwa. Zimangobwera ngati dzina lodziwika bwino la mankhwalawa Leukeran.

Mankhwalawa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira imodzi yophatikizira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mungafunike kumwa mankhwala ena.

Chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Chlorambucil imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu ina ya khansa yamagazi ndi ma lymph node. Mitundu iyi ndi monga:

• Matenda a m'magazi a lymphocytic
• lymphosarcoma
• chimphona cha follicular lymphoma
• Matenda a Hodgkin

Chlorambucil sichiritsa khansa, koma imathandiza kuthetsa zizindikilo zake.

Momwe imagwirira ntchito

Chlorambucil ndi m'gulu la mankhwala otchedwa antineoplastic (anti-cancer), kapena makamaka, alkylating agents. Gulu la mankhwala ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zofananira.

Chlorambucil imagwira ntchito posokoneza kubwereza kwa DNA m'maselo mthupi. Maselo amatha kukhala ndi khansa ngati kubereka kwawo kwa DNA kulibe mphamvu. Izi zikasokonekera, zimapha ma cell a khansa.

Zotsatira za Chlorambucil

Chlorambucil siyimayambitsa kugona, koma imatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina.

Zotsatira zofala kwambiri

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika ndi chlorambucil ndi monga:

• Kupondereza mafupa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mudzakhala ndi maselo ofiira ndi oyera ochepa ndi ma platelets. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
• kutuluka mwadzidzidzi kapena kuvulala
• magazi mkodzo wanu kapena ndowe
• kutopa kwambiri
• malungo
• zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda
• Kupsa pakamwa kapena zilonda
• Nseru
• Kusanza
• Kutsekula m'mimba

Ngati zotsatirazi ndizochepa, zimatha kutha masiku angapo kapena milungu ingapo. Ngati ali ovuta kwambiri kapena osapita, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Itanani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zovuta zina. Itanani 911 ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuwopseza moyo kapena ngati mukuganiza kuti mukukumana ndi vuto lachipatala. Zotsatira zoyipa komanso zizindikilo zake zimatha kukhala izi:

• Malungo
• Kugwidwa. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
• kusokonezeka
• kugwa pansi kapena kutayika mwadzidzidzi kwa minofu
• kutaya mwadzidzidzi mkodzo kapena matumbo
• kudutsa ndikudzuka ndikusokonezeka
• Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
• chikasu cha khungu lako kapena kuyera kwa maso ako
• ululu kumtunda chakumanja kwa m'mimba mwanu
• nseru kapena kusanza
• mkodzo wamtundu wakuda
• kutopa
• Kuwerengera kwapamwamba. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
• magazi omwe sasiya
• kuvulaza mosavuta kuposa zachilendo
• Kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi. Izi zitha kubweretsa chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
• malungo
• zizindikiro zozizira, monga mphuno yotuluka kapena zilonda zapakhosi zomwe sizimatha
• zizindikiro za chimfine, monga chifuwa, kutopa, ndi kupweteka kwa thupi
• khutu kapena mutu
• ululu pokodza
• zigamba zoyera mkamwa mwako kapena mmero
• Kuchepa kwa magazi (kuchepa kwama cell ofiira ofiira). Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
• khungu lotumbululuka
• kutopa kwambiri
• mutu wopepuka
• kugunda kwamtima mwachangu
• Kutupa kwa zotupa (monga kupindika kwa mphuno kapena pakamwa). Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
• kutupa
• kufiira
• zilonda zopweteka kapena zilonda mkamwa mwako
• Mavuto am'mimba. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
• nseru kwambiri ndi kusanza
• Zotupa zazikulu za khungu. Izi zitha kuphatikizira matenda a epidermal necrolysis kapena matenda a Stevens-Johnson. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
• kufalikira ndi zotupa pakhungu lanu
• khungu khungu
• matuza
• zilonda zopweteka
• malungo
• Matenda a m'mitsempha (kupweteka kwa mitsempha). Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira izi m'miyendo kapena m'manja mwanu:
• dzanzi
• kumva kulira
• zotentha
• kukhudzidwa kwambiri kukhudza
• ululu
• kufooka kwa mapazi, miyendo, kapena manja anu
• Kuwonongeka kwa mapapo. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
• chifuwa
• kupuma movutikira
• Kusabereka
• Khansa zina

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala amagwirira ntchito mosiyanasiyana mwa munthu aliyense, sitingatsimikizire kuti izi zikuphatikizira kulumikizana kulikonse kotheka. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo momwe mungachitire ndi mankhwala, mavitamini, zitsamba ndi zowonjezera, komanso mankhwala omwe mumamwa.

Chlorambucil amatha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ena

Kulumikizana ndi pamene chinthu chimasintha momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito. Izi zitha kukhala zowononga kapena kuletsa mankhwalawa kuti asagwire ntchito bwino. Pofuna kupewa kuyanjana, dokotala ayenera kuyang'anira mankhwala anu onse mosamala. Onetsetsani kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse, mavitamini, kapena zitsamba zomwe mukumwa.

Kuti mudziwe momwe piritsi lamlomo la chlorambucil lingagwirizane ndi china chake chomwe mukutenga, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala.

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwirizana mosiyanasiyana mwa munthu aliyense, sitingatsimikizire kuti izi zikuphatikizanso kuyanjana kotheka. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo momwe mungachitire ndi mankhwala, mavitamini, zitsamba ndi zowonjezera, komanso mankhwala omwe mumamwa.

Chlorambucil machenjezo

Mankhwalawa amabwera ndi machenjezo angapo.

Chenjezo la ziwengo

Chlorambucil imatha kuyambitsa vuto lalikulu. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:

• kufalikira ndi zotupa pakhungu lanu
• khungu khungu
• matuza
• zilonda zopweteka
• kuyabwa
• ming'oma kapena khungu limalumikiza
• malungo
• kutupa kwa lilime kapena pakhosi
• kuvuta kupuma

Mukakhala ndi zizindikilozi, itanani 911 kapena pitani kuchipinda chadzidzidzi chapafupi.

Musatengerenso mankhwalawa ngati munakhalapo ndi vuto linalake. Kutenganso kumatha kukhala koopsa (kuyambitsa imfa).

Lumikizanani ndi chenjezo la mankhwala

Chlorambucil ikhoza kuvulaza ena ngati itakhudza. Funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa mosamala.

Machenjezo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwindi: Ngati muli ndi vuto la chiwindi kapena mbiri ya matenda a chiwindi, mwina simungathe kuchotsa mankhwalawa mthupi lanu. Izi zitha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa chlorambucil mthupi lanu ndikupangitsa zovuta zina. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani pamlingo wotsika ndikukuwonetsani kwambiri zotsatira zake. Mankhwalawa amathanso kuwononga chiwindi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zingayambitse matenda anu a chiwindi.

Machenjezo kwa magulu ena

Kwa amayi apakati: Chlorambucil ndi gulu D mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zikutanthauza zinthu ziwiri:

1. Kafukufuku mwa anthu awonetsa zovuta kwa mwana wosabadwa mayi atamwa mankhwalawo.
2. Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ali ndi pakati pakafunika kuthana ndi vuto la mayiyo.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukukonzekera kutenga pakati. Funsani dokotala wanu kuti akuuzeni za zovuta zomwe zingachitike mukakhala ndi pakati. Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati chiwopsezo chomwe chingakhalepo chikuvomerezeka chifukwa cha mankhwalawo.

Itanani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo mukakhala ndi pakati mukamamwa mankhwalawa.

Ngati ndinu wamwamuna, mankhwalawa amatha kuwononga umuna wanu ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa umuna wanu. Izi zitha kukhala zosatha.

Kwa amayi omwe akuyamwitsa: Sidziwika ngati chlorambucil imadutsa mkaka wa m'mawere. Ngati zitero, zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto kwa mwana yemwe akuyamwitsa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati mukuyamwitsa mwana wanu. Muyenera kusankha kuti musiye kuyamwa kapena kusiya kumwa mankhwalawa.

Kwa okalamba: Chiwindi cha okalamba sichingagwire ntchito kale. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti thupi lanu lizigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwamankhwala kumakhalabe mthupi lanu nthawi yayitali. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chazovuta.

Kwa ana: Mankhwalawa sanaphunzire kwa ana. Sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu ochepera zaka 18.

Momwe mungatengere chlorambucil

Mlingo uliwonse wotheka ndi mitundu ya mankhwala sizingaphatikizidwe pano. Mlingo wanu, mawonekedwe a mankhwala, komanso kuchuluka kwa momwe mumamwa mankhwalawo zimadalira:

• zaka zanu
• matenda omwe akuchiritsidwa
• momwe matenda anu alili
• Matenda ena omwe muli nawo
• momwe mumachitira ndi mankhwala oyamba

Fomu ya mankhwala ndi mphamvu

Mtundu: Leukeran

• Mawonekedwe: piritsi yamlomo
• Mphamvu: 2 mg

Mlingo wa khansa ya m'magazi yayikulu ya lymphocytic

Mlingo wa akulu (zaka 18 mpaka 64 zaka)

• Mlingo wodziwika: Mukamwa mankhwalawa kamodzi patsiku kwa masabata 3-6. Dokotala wanu adzakusankhirani mlingo woyenera malinga ndi kulemera kwanu ndi momwe muliri. Kwa anthu ambiri, mlingowo umakhala pakati pa 4-10 mg patsiku.
• Mlingo kusintha: Dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anirani mukamalandira chithandizo ndikusintha momwe mungafunire.
• Ndondomeko za mankhwala ena: Dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mtundu wosiyanasiyana wa dosing kapena ndandanda. Onetsetsani kuti mumamwa mankhwalawa molingana ndi malangizo a dokotala.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0 mpaka 17 zaka)

Sizinatsimikiziridwe kuti mankhwalawa ndiotetezeka komanso othandiza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu ochepera zaka 18.

Mlingo waukulu (wazaka 65 kapena kupitirira)

Chiwindi cha okalamba sichingagwire ntchito kale. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti thupi lanu lizigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwamankhwala kumakhalabe mthupi lanu nthawi yayitali. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chazovuta.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani kumapeto kwenikweni kwa dosing. Awona zina zomwe mungakhale nazo mukamasankha kuchuluka kwanu.

Mlingo wa malignant lymphoma (lymphosarcoma, giant follicular lymphoma, ndi matenda a Hodgkin)

Mlingo wa akulu (zaka 18 mpaka 64 zaka)

• Mlingo wodziwika: Mukamwa mankhwalawa kamodzi patsiku kwa masabata 3-6. Dokotala wanu adzakusankhirani mlingo woyenera malinga ndi thupi lanu ndi momwe mulili. Kwa anthu ambiri, mlingowo umakhala pakati pa 4-10 mg patsiku.
• Mlingo kusintha: Dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anirani mukamalandira chithandizo ndikusintha momwe mungafunire.
• Ndondomeko za mankhwala ena: Dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mtundu wosiyanasiyana wa dosing kapena ndandanda. Onetsetsani kuti mumamwa mankhwalawa molingana ndi malangizo a dokotala.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0 mpaka 17 zaka)

Sizinatsimikiziridwe kuti mankhwalawa ndiotetezeka komanso othandiza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu ochepera zaka 18.

Mlingo waukulu (wazaka 65 kapena kupitirira)

Chiwindi cha okalamba sichingagwire ntchito kale. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti thupi lanu lizigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwamankhwala kumakhalabe mthupi lanu nthawi yayitali. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chazovuta.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani kumapeto kwenikweni kwa dosing. Awona zina zomwe mungakhale nazo mukamasankha kuchuluka kwanu.

Mlingo machenjezo

Dokotala wanu adzawona kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera ndi ofiira amwazi m'mitsempha yanu mukamalandira chithandizo. Ngati milingo yanu ili yotsika kwambiri, dokotala wanu amachepetsa kuchuluka kwanu.

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhudza munthu aliyense mosiyanasiyana, sitingatsimikizire kuti mndandandawu umaphatikizira miyezo yonse yotheka. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala za mlingo woyenera kwa inu.

Maselo oyera oyera

1. Ma lymphocyte ndi ma neutrophil ndi maselo oyera amwazi, omwe amakuthandizani kukutetezani kumatenda. Kwa anthu ambiri, piritsi lamlomo la chlorambucil limayambitsa kupita patsogolo kwa lymphopenia (ma lymphocyte ochepa). Izi zimatha atangomaliza kumwa mankhwalawo. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi neutropenia (ma neutrophil ochepa) pambuyo pa sabata lachitatu lothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa. Izi zitha kukhala mpaka masiku 10 mutatha kumwa mankhwala. Zonsezi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda, monga malungo, chifuwa, kapena kupweteka kwa minofu.

Tengani monga mwalamulidwa

Chlorambucil piritsi yamlomo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kwakanthawi. Zimabwera ndi zoopsa zazikulu ngati simukuzitenga monga mwalamulo.

Mukasiya kumwa mankhwala mwadzidzidzi kapena osamwa konse: Mankhwalawa sagwira ntchito kuti athetse vuto lanu la khansa.

Ngati mwaphonya Mlingo kapena osamwa mankhwalawo panthawi yake: Mankhwala anu mwina sagwiranso ntchito. Kuti mankhwalawa agwire bwino ntchito, kuchuluka kwake kumayenera kukhala mthupi lanu nthawi zonse.

Ngati mutenga zochuluka kwambiri: Mutha kukhala ndi magawo owopsa a mankhwalawa mthupi lanu. Zizindikiro za bongo za mankhwalawa zingaphatikizepo:

• amachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwama cell anu. Izi zingayambitse kuchepa kwa magazi, matenda, ndi magazi.
• kubvutika
• mavuto ndi mgwirizano kapena kuwongolera minofu
• kugwidwa

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwamwa mankhwalawa mopitirira muyeso, itanani dokotala wanu kapena malo oletsa poyizoni kwanuko. Ngati matenda anu akukulira, itanani 911 kapena pitani kuchipatala chapafupi pomwepo.

Zomwe muyenera kuchita mukaphonya mlingo: Tengani mlingo wanu mukangokumbukira. Koma ngati mukukumbukira kutangotsala maola ochepa kuti muyambe kumwa mankhwala, tengani mlingo umodzi wokha. Osayesa konse kutenga mwa kumwa miyezo iwiri nthawi imodzi. Izi zitha kubweretsa zovuta zoyipa.

Momwe mungadziwire ngati mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito: Zizindikiro zanu za khansa ziyenera kusintha. Dokotala wanu adzayesanso kuti aone ngati mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito. Awona kuchuluka kwanu kwama cell oyera m'masabata oyamba a 3-6 akuchipatala.

Zofunikira pakumwa chlorambucil

Kumbukirani izi ngati dokotala akukupatsani mankhwala a chlorambucil.

Zonse

• Musamamwe mankhwalawa ndi chakudya. Muyenera kumwa pamimba yopanda kanthu.
• Tengani mankhwalawa panthawi yomwe dokotala akukulangizani.
• Mutha kudula kapena kuphwanya phale. Komabe, mankhwalawa amatha kuvulaza ena akawakhudza. Funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa mosamala.

Yosungirako

• Sungani chlorambucil mufiriji. Sungani kutentha pakati pa 36 ° F ndi 46 ° F (2 ° C ndi 8 ° C).
• Musasunge mankhwalawa m'malo onyowa kapena onyowa, monga mabafa.

Zowonjezeranso

Mankhwala a mankhwalawa amakonzanso. Simuyenera kusowa mankhwala atsopano kuti mudzazidwenso. Dokotala wanu adzalemba kuchuluka kwa mafuta obwezerezedwanso pamankhwala anu.

Kuyenda

Mukamayenda ndi mankhwala anu:

• Nthawi zonse muzinyamula mankhwala anu. Mukamauluka, musayikenso m'thumba lofufuzidwa. Sungani m'thumba lanu.
• Osadandaula za makina a X-ray pabwalo la ndege. Sangathe kuvulaza mankhwala anu.
• Mungafunike kuwonetsa ogwira ntchito ku eyapoti chizindikiro cha mankhwala anu. Nthawi zonse muzinyamula chidebe choyambirira cholembedwa ndi mankhwala.
• Mankhwalawa amafunika kukhala m'firiji. Mukamayenda, mungafunikire kugwiritsa ntchito thumba lotchingira lomwe lili ndi phukusi lozizira kuti mankhwala azitha kutentha.
• Musayike mankhwalawa m'galimoto yamagolovu amgalimoto yanu kapena siyani m'galimoto. Onetsetsani kuti musachite izi nyengo ikatentha kapena kuzizira kwambiri.

Kuwunika kuchipatala

Inu ndi dokotala muyenera kuyang'anira zovuta zina zaumoyo. Izi zitha kuthandizira kuti mukhale otetezeka mukamamwa mankhwalawa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Maselo a magazi amawerengedwa. Mlungu uliwonse, dokotala wanu amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera m'magazi anu. Izi zithandizira kuti magulu anu asatsike kwambiri. Poyamba mankhwala anu, dokotala wanu amathanso kuwerengetsa maselo anu oyera am'magazi masiku atatu kapena anayi pakatha sabata iliyonse yamagulu amwazi wanu.
• Ntchito ya chiwindi. Dokotala wanu akhoza kuyesa magazi kuti muwone momwe chiwindi chanu chikugwirira ntchito. Ngati chiwindi chanu sichikugwira ntchito bwino, dokotala wanu akhoza kuchepetsa mlingo wanu kapena kusiya mankhwala ndi mankhwalawa.

Kupezeka

Osati mankhwala aliwonse omwe amakhala ndi mankhwalawa. Mukadzaza mankhwala anu, onetsetsani kuti mwayitanitsa patsogolo kuti mutsimikizire kuti mankhwala omwe muli nawo ali nawo.

Kodi pali njira zina?

Palinso mankhwala ena omwe amapezeka kuti athetse vuto lanu. Ena akhoza kukuyenererani kuposa ena. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena omwe angakuthandizeni.

Chodzikanira: Healthaline yayesetsa kwambiri kuti zidziwitso zonse zikhale zolondola, zokwanira, komanso zaposachedwa. Komabe, nkhaniyi sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chidziwitso ndi ukadaulo wa akatswiri pazachipatala. Muyenera kufunsa adotolo kapena akatswiri azaumoyo musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse. Zambiri zamankhwala zomwe zili pano zitha kusintha ndipo sizingapangidwe kuti zigwiritse ntchito, mayendedwe, zodzitetezera, machenjezo, kulumikizana ndi mankhwala, kusokonezeka, kapena zovuta zina. Kusapezeka kwa machenjezo kapena zidziwitso za mankhwala omwe apatsidwa sikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza mankhwala kapena mankhwalawa ndiwotetezeka, ogwira ntchito, komanso oyenera kwa odwala onse kapena ntchito zina zilizonse.