Mwachidule Pazokangana Zokhudza Ochita Masewera pa Transgender - ndi Chifukwa Chomwe Amafunika Kuwathandiza Mokwanira

Zamkati

• Chifukwa Chake Tikukamba Za Othamanga a Transgender Tsopano
• Zambiri mwa Ndalamazi Zimagawaniza Magulu Ndi 'Biological Sex'
• Zonena Zazikulu: Atsikana a Transgender Ali ndi "Ubwino Wopanda Chilungamo"
• Zomwe Ndalamazi Zikutanthauza kwa Othamanga a Transgender
• Momwe Cisgender Allies Angasonyezere Chithandizo Chawo
• Onaninso za

Ndi malo owonjezeka akumakonzanso zitseko zawo zogona ndi zikwangwani za "Genders Welcome", Pangani kulandira mayankho awiri a Golden Globe, ndi Laverne Cox ndi Elliot Page olimbitsa malo awo ngati mayina apanyumba, ndizowona kuti, m'malo ambiri, malingaliro azikhalidwe zokhudzana ndi jenda (potsiriza) akusintha, ndikuvomera kulandila anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Koma othamanga a transgender omwe ali pabwalo lamilandu, padziwe, komanso pachitunda akukumana ndi zosiyana kwambiri pamasewera.

"M'maboma ambiri mdziko lonseli, kwakhala kuyesayesa kwachangu kuletsa othamanga omwe akuchita masewera amsukulu pamatimu omwe akugwirizana ndi omwe ali," akufotokoza a Casey Pick omwe ndi akulu pantchito yolimbikitsa ndi boma ku The Trevor Project . Pazofunikira kwambiri, izi zikutanthauza kuti atsikana opatsirana pogonana m'maiko amenewo saloledwa kuchita nawo masewerawa ndi atsikana ena, ndipo anyamata opatsirana mosiyanasiyana sangatenge nawo gawo pamasewera ndi anyamata opitilira. Koma fufuzani mozama, ndipo mudzazindikira kuti zoletsa izi zili ndi tanthauzo lochulukirapo kuposa ma varsity rosters.

Werengani kuti mumvetsetse chifukwa chake zoletsedwazo zikuyikidwa pakadali pano, zomwe zikutanthauza kwa othamanga a transgender, komanso chifukwa chake "chilungamo" chomwe chikuzungulira zoletsedwachi sichomwe chikuwoneka.

Chifukwa Chake Tikukamba Za Othamanga a Transgender Tsopano

Matupi a amuna ndi akazi ochepa (asungwana, akazi, osakhala a binary) akhala akuyambitsa zongopeka komanso tsankho pamasewera. Tangoyang'anani zonse zomwe zidachitika ndi Caster Semenya, wothamanga kawiri pa Olimpiki. Semenya adamuyang'aniridwa monyanyira kuyambira 2009 ataphwanya mpikisano wamamita 800 pamipikisano yapadziko lonse ku Berlin, Germany. Anapezeka kuti ali ndi hyperandrogenism, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma testosterone ake ndi apamwamba mwachibadwa kuposa "mtundu wamba wa akazi." Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wakhala akumenyana kwambiri ndi International Association of Athletics Federations kuti ateteze maudindo ake ndi ufulu wothamanga mu gawo la amayi kupita patsogolo.

Komabe, masewera a Olimpiki a Tokyo omwe akubwera komanso nkhani zaposachedwa zozungulira wothamanga wa transgender CeCé Telfer ayika zovuta komanso zovuta pakuwongolera masewera a transgender pamalo owonekeranso. Telfer sadzaloledwa kupikisana nawo m'mayesero a Olimpiki aku US pazovuta za azimayi a 400-mita chifukwa sanakwaniritse zofunikira zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa ndi World Athletics, bungwe lolamulira padziko lonse lapansi loyendetsa masewera, malinga ndi Associated Press. Zofunikira pakuvomerezeka - zomwe zidatulutsidwa mu 2019 ndipo zikuphatikiza, mwachitsanzo, kuti ma testosterone amafunika kukhala ochepera ma nanomoles asanu pa lita imodzi kwa miyezi 12 - adatseka zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi za akazi pakati pa 400 mita ndi mailo kwa othamanga omwe sanakumanepo iwo. Ngakhale abwerera m'mbuyo, Telfer akuwoneka kuti akutenga chigamulochi mwachidwi. Mulemba la Instagram nkhani itangotuluka, Telfer adalemba, "Simungasiye kuyima". Palibe chomwe chidzawagwetse pansi. Ndine wokhumudwitsa Mulungu komanso msirikali. Ndimazichitira anthu ndipo ndimakupangira ❤️🌈💜💛. "

Kenaka, pa July 2, othamanga ena awiri adalamulidwa kuti ndi osayenera kupikisana muzochitika zina za amayi pa Masewera omwe akubwera chifukwa cha testosterone yawo, ngakhale kuti anali cisgender; Osewera ku Namibia Christine Mboma ndi Beatrice Masilingi, onse azaka 18, adakakamizidwa kuti achoke pamiyeso ya 400 mita mayesero atawulula kuchuluka kwawo kwa testosterone kunali kokwera kwambiri, malinga ndilipoti lotulutsidwa ndi Namibia National Olympic Committee. Zotsatira zawo zoyesa zidawonetsa kuti othamanga onse ali ndi ma testosterone apamwamba mwachibadwa omwe amawalepheretsa ku zochitika pakati pa 400 ndi 1600 mamita, malinga ndi lamulo la World Athletics; komabe, azitha kupikisana nawo pamipikisano yamamita 100 ndi 200 ku Tokyo.

Boma la Namibia lidayankha ndi mawu olimbikitsa othamanga, ponena kuti, "Undunawu upempha Athletics Namibia ndi komiti ya Olimpiki ya Namibia kuti ichitane International Association of Athletics Federations (yomwe pano ikutchedwa World Athletics) ndi International Olimpiki Committee kuti apeze njira zomwe zingathere. osasankha aliyense wothamanga chifukwa cha chilengedwe chomwe sichinapangidwe ndi iwo okha, "malinga ndi Reuters.

Koma ma Olimpiki omwe akubwerawa si chifukwa chokha chomwe othamanga a transgender amapangira mitu yankhani, ngakhale; mayiko angapo posachedwapa achitapo kanthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ophunzira opitilira muyeso asachite masewera. Kuyambira chiyambi cha 2021, Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, Montana, South Dakota, West Virginia, Tennessee, ndi Florida onse akhazikitsa malamulo omwe amaletsa ophunzira opatsirana pogonana kuti asatenge nawo gawo pagulu loyenera m'masukulu aboma. Florida ndiye boma lomaliza kuchita izi, pomwe Florida Governor Ron DeSantis asayina chikalata chonyenga chotchedwa, "Fairness in Women Sports Act" pa Juni 1 chaka chino (chomwe, inde, chimakhala tsiku loyamba la Mwezi Wonyada). Mayiko ena ambiri (North Carolina, Texas, Michigan, ndi Oklahoma kungotchula ochepa) pakali pano akuyesera kukhazikitsa malamulo ofanana.

Phokoso lambiri pamilandu iyi lachititsa kuti anthu akhulupirire kuti mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira mosakhazikika akuwotcha moto wamtunduwu - koma sizili choncho. M'malo mwake, "izi zikugwirizana ndi dziko mabungwe odana ndi LGBTQ monga Alliance Defending Freedom, omwe cholinga chawo chachikulu sikuteteza azimayi ndi atsikana pamasewera, koma kupatula achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, "akutero a Pick. motsutsana ndi kulandilidwa ndi ulemu zomwe gulu la LGBTQ lapambana m'zaka zaposachedwa. "Izi ndizokhudza ndale, kupatula ena, ndipo zikuchitika m'njira yovulaza thanzi lamaganizidwe ndi thanzi la achinyamata opatsirana mdziko muno," Akutero.

Kufotokozera momveka bwino: Malipirowa amayang'ana makamaka ana azaka zakusukulu m'masukulu aboma. National Collegiate Athletic Association ndi International Olympic Committee sali ayi mwachindunji zomwe zakhudzidwa pano; mabungwe olamulira awa apitiliza kupanga malamulo awoawo.

Zambiri mwa Ndalamazi Zimagawaniza Magulu Ndi 'Biological Sex'

Chilankhulo chenicheni cha ndalamazo chimasiyana pang'ono, koma ambiri amanena kuti ophunzira ayenera kupikisana ndi magulu malinga ndi kugonana kwawo kwachilengedwe, zomwe bilu ya Florida imalongosola ngati kugonana komwe kumalembedwa pa chiphaso cha kubadwa kwa ophunzira panthawi yobadwa: M (mwamuna) kapena F (kwa akazi).

Ngakhale amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawana komanso kulinganiza anthu, lingaliro lakugonana kwachilengedwe sikumamveka bwino. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amaganiza kuti kugonana kwachilengedwe ndi muyeso wa "zomwe zili pakati pa miyendo yanu," zomwe mungasankhe kukhala 'mwamuna' (ali ndi mbolo) kapena 'wamkazi' (ali ndi nyini). Osangochepetsa, kumvetsetsa uku sikotsutsana ndi sayansi. Kugonana kwachilengedwe sikumangokhala kopanda tanthauzo - kumakhalapo pamasewera. Anthu ambiri ali ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana (mahomoni, kachitidwe ka maliseche, ziwalo zoberekera, kakulidwe ka tsitsi, ndi zina zotero) zomwe sizimalowa bwino m'mabokosi 'mwamuna' ndi 'akazi'.

Ndine mtsikana ndipo ndimathamanga. Ndimachita nawo masewera othamanga ngati anzanga kuti apambane, kupeza anthu ammudzi, komanso kukhala ndi tanthauzo m'moyo wanga. Ndizosalungama komanso zowawa kuti zipambano zanga ziyenera kuwukiridwa ndi kunyalanyazidwa kwanga.

Terry Miller, wothamanga wa transgender, m'mawu a ACLU

Vuto logawa ophunzira pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi ndiwiri. Choyamba, imalimbikitsa njira yachilengedwe yomwe kulibe. Chachiwiri, amachotsa jenda pa equation yonse. (Onani: Zomwe Anthu Amalakwitsa Pagulu la Trans, Malinga ndi Wophunzitsa Kugonana kwa Trans Sex)

Jenda ndi yosiyana ndi kugonana, ndipo imangotanthauza machitidwe, mawonekedwe, ndi zokonda zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti zimatsagana ndi abambo, amayi, anthu osagwiritsa ntchito njira zina, anthu omwe amachita izi, komanso ena onse omwe amakhala mchigawo chonse cha jenda. Njira yosavuta yoganizira za izi ndikuti kugonana ndizomwe zimachitika mthupi lanu, pomwe jenda ndizomwe mumachita mu mtima, malingaliro, ndi moyo wanu.

Kwa anthu ena, zogonana komanso zogonana, zomwe zimadziwika kuti cisgender. Koma kwa anthu ena, kugonana ndi jenda sizigwirizana, zomwe zimadziwika kuti transgender. Ndalama zomwe zikukambidwa zimakhudza kwambiri zotsirizazi. (Zambiri apa: LGBTQ + Glossary of Gender and Sexuality Tanthauzo Zomwe Allies Ayenera Kudziwa)

Zonena Zazikulu: Atsikana a Transgender Ali ndi "Ubwino Wopanda Chilungamo"

Mabilu awa samangoyang'ana atsikana omwe asintha, koma monga momwe dzina la ndalamazi likusonyezera - ku Idaho ndi ku Florida ndi "Fairness in Women's Sports Act" pomwe ku Mississippi ndi "Mississippi Fairness Act" - chiwongola dzanja chachikulu cha omwe amakondera. Mwa iwo ndikuti atsikana omwe amapita kuma transgender amakhala ndi mwayi wopanda chilungamo poyerekeza ndi atsikana a cisgender.

Koma palibe umboni wasayansi womwe ukunena kuti azimayi omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sayenera kuloledwa kusewera ndi atsikana ena, atero dokotala wa ana komanso katswiri wa zamoyo Eric Vilain, MD, mlangizi ku International Olympic Committee ndi NCAA, omwe adalankhula ndi NPR.

Othandizira mabiluwa amalozera ku kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu womwe unanena kuti, poyerekeza ndi akazi a cisgender, amuna a cisgender ali ndi mwayi wothamanga wa 10 mpaka 12 peresenti, womwe umanenedwa kuti mbali ina ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a testosterone, omwe amayambitsa kuchulukirachulukira. minofu ndi nyonga. Koma (ndipo izi ndizofunikira!) Akazi a transgender ndi akazi, osati amuna a cisgender! Chifukwa chake zomwe apezazi sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kunena kuti atsikana kapena akazi opitilira muyeso ali ndi mwayi wopanda chilungamo kuposa atsikana a cisgender. (Onani: Kodi Kusintha Kumakhudza Bwanji Maseweredwe Osewera a Transgender?)

Kuphatikiza apo, "ophunzira opatsirana pogonana omwe amalandila chithandizo chamankhwala akuchita izi ngati chithandizo chamankhwala moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala, chifukwa chake ayenera kuloledwa kuchita nawo masewera ngati wophunzira wina aliyense yemwe wapatsidwa mankhwala ndi dokotala wawo," akutero a Pick.

Othandizira mabiluwa amanenanso mobwerezabwereza kuti atsatire nyenyezi Terry Miller ndi Andraya Yearwood ku Connecticut (boma lomwe limalola othamanga kupikisana pamasewera malinga ndi momwe amadziwira kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi) omwe nthawi zambiri amapambana mpikisano ndipo amakhala transgender. (Kuti mudziwe zambiri za othamangawa, onani Nancy Podcast Gawo 43: "Pamene Apambana.")

Nayi chinthu ichi: Pali ophunzira opitilira 56.4 miliyoni ku United States, pakati pa pre-kindergarten ndi grade 12, kuphatikiza masukulu aboma komanso aboma. Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 2% ya ophunzirawa ndi transgender, kutanthauza kuti pali pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni omwe amapita ku United States Ndipo ambiri mwa ophunzira miliyoni imodzi amatenga nawo mbali pamasewera. "Komabe, [omwe amalimbikitsa lamuloli] ayenera kupitilizabe kutchula dzina limodzi kapena awiri chifukwa othamanga a transgender sakulamulira pamasewera," akutero a Pick. "Chifukwa chake chilichonse chomwe testosterone ili nacho, tikudziwa kuti sichimayambitsa ulamuliro uliwonse." Mwachidule: Zomwe zimatchedwa mwayi wopanda chilungamo zilibe maziko kwenikweni.

Kupanda chilungamo kwenikweni ndi tsankho achinyamata ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe akukumana nawo. Monga Miller, m'modzi mwa akatswiri opita ku transgender ku Connecticut, adati m'mawu ake ku ACLU: "Ndakumana ndi tsankho mbali iliyonse ya moyo wanga [...]. Ndine mtsikana ndipo ndimathamanga. Ndimachita nawo maseŵera othamanga monga anzanga kuti apambane, kupeza dera, ndi tanthauzo m'moyo wanga. Ndizopanda chilungamo komanso zopweteka kuti kupambana kwanga kumayenera kuwukiridwa ndipo kulimbikira kwanga kunyalanyazidwa."

Zomwe Ndalamazi Zikutanthauza kwa Othamanga a Transgender

Ndi kuperekedwa kwa ndalamazi, ophunzira a transgender sangathe kupikisana pamagulu ndi anthu ena m'magulu awo. Koma zikutanthawuzanso kuti mwina, ophunzira a transgenderwa sangathe kukhala pagulu lililonse lamasewera. Pomwe opanga malamulo ati atsikana omwe amapita kuma transgender atha kupikisana nawo m'matimu a anyamata ndipo anyamata opitilira amatha kupikisana nawo m'matimu a atsikana, zitha kukhala zowononga m'maganizo komanso m'maganizo kusewera timu yomwe siyikugwirizana ndi jenda yanu.

"Kukakamiza munthu woberekera kunamizira kuti sanachite transgender kapena kuwayika ndi amuna kapena akazi omwe sagwirizana ndi zomwe zimadzipweteketsa komanso kudzipha kukukulirakulira," akutero katswiri wazamisala Kryss Shane, M.S., L.M.S.W., wolemba Buku la Educator to LGBT Inclusion. Zimawaikanso pachiwopsezo cha kuzunzidwa. "Zowopsa zakupezerera ndizambiri," akutero. Wophunzira akasankha kusasewera, "amaletsedwa kukhala nawo, kuchita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudzidalira, ndi zina zonse zomwe wachinyamata aliyense amapeza chifukwa chochita nawo masewera akusukulu," akutero a Pick.

Sankhani kuti pakadali pano pafupifupi theka la ophunzira a transgender akuti atsimikiziridwa kuti ali kusukulu. Ngati/ataperekedwa, “malipiro amenewa mwalamulo angafune kuti masukulu amene akuvomera azichita zinthu zatsankho kwa achinyamatawa,” iye anatero. Mumatha kukhala ndi vuto pomwe, kuyambira 8 koloko mpaka 3 koloko masana. Jenda la munthu likuvomerezedwa ndikutsimikiziridwa, ndiyeno panthawi yamasewera, sizili choncho, akutero Pick. "Izi zimawononga kwathunthu magwiridwe antchito azaumoyo wamaganizidwe, zimanyalanyaza ntchito yasukulu yolera ana mofanana, ndipo sizigwira ntchito. Awa ndi atsikana; safuna kuyikidwa mgulu la anyamata." (Zokhudzana: Nicole Maines ndi Isis King Adagawana Upangiri Wawo kwa Akazi Achinyamata a Transgender)

Momwe Cisgender Allies Angasonyezere Chithandizo Chawo

Zimayamba ndi zochepa zokha: Kulemekeza anthu osunthika, kuwatchula mayina awo olondola, ndikugwiritsa ntchito maimelo awo. Ngakhale zingamveke zochepa, izi zimapindulitsa kwambiri thanzi la anthu. "Kukhala ndi munthu mmodzi yekha wovomereza wamkulu m'moyo wa LGBTQ wachinyamata kungachepetse kuyesa kudzipha ndi 40 peresenti," akutero Pick.

Chachiwiri, "osadzilola kutengeka ndi mbiri yabodza kunja uko," akutero a Pick. "Pali kuyesayesa kothandizana [kuchokera kumagulu osamala] kuti agwiritse ziwanda ana omwe amangofuna kukhala ana." Onetsetsani kuti mukulandira zambiri kuchokera kuzofufuza zomwe zathandizidwa, zotsimikiziridwa ndi deta, zophatikizira anthu monga Them, NewNowNext, Autostraddle, GLAAD, ndi The Trevor Project. Izi zidzakhala zofunikira makamaka chilimwechi pomwe a Newlfter weightlter a Laurel Hubbard apikisana ngati wosewera woyamba kuchita masewera othamanga pa Olimpiki. (ICYWW: Inde, wakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za malamulo ndi malangizo a International Olympic Committee kwa omwe akuchita masewera othamanga).

Za momwe tingalimbanirane ndi ndalama za transphobic izi? Zambiri mwa lamuloli zikuchitika mdzina la azimayi ndi atsikana, akufotokoza a Pick. "Ndiye ino ndi nthawi yomwe ndimayitanira azimayi ndi atsikana anzanga ndikunena kuti 'Osati m'dzina lathu.'" Itanani aphungu anu am'deralo, lembani malingaliro anu pazanema, thandizani magulu amasewera am'deralo, lankhulani mokweza ndi transgender wachinyamata, akutero.

Ngati mukufunadi kuthandiza azimayi ndi atsikana pamasewera, yankho lake ndi ayi kuti aletse atsikana oti asawapeze. Koma m'malo mwake muwonetsetse kuti atsikana omwe ali ndi ma transgender ali ndi mwayi wofanana komanso mwayi pamasewera onse."Titha kuteteza ndikuyamikira masewera azimayi ndi atsikana nthawi imodzimodzi polemekeza jenda la transgender komanso achinyamata omwe sanachite chilichonse," akutero a Pick "Si masewera a zero-sum."

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