COPD

Zamkati

• Chidule
• Kodi COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo am'mapapo)?
• Kodi mitundu ya COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo am'mapapo) ndi iti?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo am'mapapo)?
• Zizindikiro za COPD (matenda opatsirana a m'mapapo mwanga)?
• Kodi matenda a COPD (matenda opatsirana a m'mapapo) amapezeka?
• Kodi mankhwala a COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo m'mapapo mwanga) ndi ati?
• Kodi COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo am'mapapo) ingapewedwe?

Chidule

Kodi COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo am'mapapo)?

COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo am'mapapo) ndi gulu la matenda am'mapapo omwe amalepheretsa kupuma ndikuipiraipira pakapita nthawi.

Nthawi zambiri, ma airways ndi ma air bag m'mapapu anu ndi otanuka kapena otambasula. Mukamapuma, mlengalenga mumabweretsa mpweya m'matumba ampweya. Masaka amlengalenga amadzaza ndi mpweya, ngati buluni yaying'ono. Mukapuma kunja, matumba amlengalenga amachoka, ndipo mpweya umatuluka. Ngati muli ndi COPD, mpweya wocheperako umalowa ndikutuluka munjira yanu yampweya chifukwa cha vuto limodzi kapena angapo:

• Ma airways ndi matumba ampweya m'mapapu anu amayamba kuchepa
• Makoma pakati pa matumba ambiri amlengalenga amawonongeka
• Makoma a mayendedwe ampweya amakula ndikutupa
• Ndege zimapanga ntchofu zambiri kuposa masiku onse ndipo zimatha kutsekeka

Kodi mitundu ya COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo am'mapapo) ndi iti?

COPD imaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:

• Emphysema imakhudza matumba amlengalenga m'mapapu anu, komanso makoma pakati pawo. Zimawonongeka ndipo zimachepa pang'ono.
• Matenda a bronchitis, momwe kupindika kwa mayendedwe anu nthawi zonse kumakwiyitsa komanso kutentha. Izi zimapangitsa kuti akalowa azitupa ndikupanga ntchofu.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi COPD ali ndi matenda a emphysema komanso bronchitis osachiritsika, koma mtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu ungakhale wosiyana bwanji ndi munthu.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?

Zomwe zimayambitsa COPD nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitali zomwe zimapweteketsa mapapu anu komanso mpweya. Ku United States, utsi wa ndudu ndiwo umayambitsa. Chitoliro, ndudu, ndi mitundu ina ya utsi wa fodya amathanso kuyambitsa COPD, makamaka ngati muipumira.

Kuwonetsedwa kuzinthu zina zoputa zomwe zingayambitse COPD. Izi zikuphatikizapo utsi wa fodya, kuipitsa mpweya, ndi utsi wa mankhwala kapena fumbi lochokera kumalo kapena kuntchito.

Kawirikawiri, vuto la chibadwa lotchedwa alpha-1 kuchepa kwa antitrypsin kumatha kuchititsa COPD.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo am'mapapo)?

Zowopsa za COPD ndi monga

• Kusuta. Ichi ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Anthu 75% omwe ali ndi COPD amasuta kapena amakonda kusuta.
• Kutenga nthawi yayitali kuzinthu zina zam'mapapo, monga utsi wa fodya, kuipitsa mpweya, ndi utsi wa mankhwala ndi fumbi zochokera kumalo kapena kuntchito
• Zaka. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi COPD ali ndi zaka zosachepera 40 pamene zizindikilo zawo zimayamba.
• Chibadwa. Izi zikuphatikizanso kusowa kwa alpha-1 antitrypsin, komwe kumakhala chibadwa. Komanso, osuta omwe amatenga COPD amatha kuchipeza ngati ali ndi mbiri ya banja la COPD.

Zizindikiro za COPD (matenda opatsirana a m'mapapo mwanga)?

Poyamba, mwina simungakhale ndi zizindikilo kapena zochepa zochepa. Matendawa akukulirakulira, zizindikilo zanu zimakula kwambiri. Zitha kuphatikizira

• Kutsokomola pafupipafupi kapena kutsokomola komwe kumatulutsa mamina ambiri
• Kutentha
• Kulira kofuula kapena kofuula mukamapuma
• Kupuma pang'ono, makamaka ndi zolimbitsa thupi
• Zolimba pachifuwa

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi COPD amatenga matenda opuma pafupipafupi monga chimfine ndi chimfine. Pazovuta kwambiri, COPD imatha kuchepa thupi, kufooka m'minyewa yanu, ndi kutupa m'mapazi anu, mapazi, kapena miyendo.

Kodi matenda a COPD (matenda opatsirana a m'mapapo) amapezeka?

Kuti mudziwe, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu

• Tifunsa za mbiri yanu yamankhwala komanso mbiri yakubanja
• Tidzafunsa za matenda anu
• Mutha kuyesa mayeso a labu, monga kuyesa kwamapapu, x-ray pachifuwa kapena CT scan, komanso kuyesa magazi

Dokotala wanu azindikira COPD kutengera zizindikiritso zanu, mbiri yanu yazachipatala ndi mabanja, ndi zotsatira zoyesa.

Kodi mankhwala a COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo m'mapapo mwanga) ndi ati?

Palibe mankhwala a COPD. Komabe, mankhwalawa amatha kuthandiza ndi zizindikilo, kuchepetsa kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa, komanso kukulitsa kuthekera kwanu kuti mukhalebe achangu. Palinso mankhwala othandizira kupewa kapena kuthandizira zovuta zamatendawa. Mankhwala akuphatikizapo

• Zosintha m'moyo, monga
  • Kusiya kusuta ngati mukusuta. Ili ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri lomwe mungatenge pochiza COPD.
  • Kupewa utsi wothandiziranso komanso malo omwe mungapumeko mu zina zam'mapapo
  • Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu kuti adye chakudya chomwe chingakwaniritse zosowa zanu. Komanso funsani za kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe mungachite. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kulimbitsa minofu yomwe imakuthandizani kupuma komanso kukonza thanzi lanu lonse.
• Mankhwala, monga
  • Ma bronchodilator, omwe amatsitsimutsa minofu mozungulira momwe mumayendera. Izi zimathandiza kutsegula mpweya wanu ndikupangitsa kupuma mosavuta. Ma bronchodilator ambiri amatengedwa kudzera mu inhaler. Zikakhala zovuta kwambiri, inhaler imakhalanso ndi ma steroids kuti muchepetse kutupa.
  • Katemera wa chimfine ndi pneumococcal pneumonia, popeza anthu omwe ali ndi COPD ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mavuto akulu amatendawa
  • Maantibayotiki ngati mutenga matenda apakiteriya kapena ma virus
• Thandizo la oxygen, ngati muli ndi COPD yoopsa komanso mpweya wochepa m'magazi anu. Thandizo la oxygen lingakuthandizeni kupuma bwino. Mungafunike mpweya wowonjezera nthawi zonse kapena nthawi zina.
• Kukonzanso kwamapapo, yomwe ndi pulogalamu yomwe imathandizira kukonza thanzi la anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto opuma mosalekeza. Zitha kuphatikizira
  • Pulogalamu yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi
  • Maphunziro a kasamalidwe ka matenda
  • Upangiri wathanzi
  • Upangiri wamaganizidwe
• Opaleshoni, nthawi zambiri amakhala njira yomaliza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zoopsa zomwe sizinakhale bwino ndi mankhwala:
  • Kwa COPD yomwe imakhudzana kwambiri ndi emphysema, pali ma opaleshoni omwe
    • Chotsani minofu ya m'mapapo yowonongeka
    • Chotsani mipata ikuluikulu yamlengalenga (bullae) yomwe imatha kupangika thumba lamlengalenga litawonongeka. Ma bullae amatha kusokoneza kupuma.
  • Kwa COPD yovuta, anthu ena angafunike kumuika m'mapapo

Ngati muli ndi COPD, ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi ndi komwe mungapeze thandizo pazizindikiro zanu. Muyenera kulandira chithandizo chadzidzidzi ngati muli ndi zizindikilo zowopsa, monga zovuta kupuma kapena kuyankhula. Itanani yemwe akukuthandizani ngati matenda anu akukula kwambiri kapena ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda, monga malungo.

Kodi COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo am'mapapo) ingapewedwe?

Popeza kusuta kumayambitsa matenda ambiri a COPD, njira yabwino yopewera kusuta. Ndikofunikanso kuyesetsa kupewa zopsereza m'mapapo monga utsi wa fodya, kuipitsa mpweya, utsi wamankhwala, ndi fumbi.

NIH: National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Institute

• Kupumula: Kusamalira Matenda a COPD
• NIH Yakhazikitsa Mapulani a National COPD
• 'Ouma Mtima' Kuti Agonjere COPD