Mtima waukulu (cardiomegaly): ndi chiyani, zizindikiro, zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Zomwe zingayambitse matenda a mtima
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• 1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
• 2. Kusungidwa kwa pacemaker
• 3. Opaleshoni ya mtima
• 4. Opaleshoni ya Coronary
• 5. Kuika mtima
• Zovuta zotheka
• Kusamalira panthawi ya chithandizo

Cardiomegaly, yotchuka kwambiri monga mtima waukulu, si matenda, koma ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ena amtima monga kulephera kwa mtima, matenda amitsempha yamatenda, mavuto amagetsi a mtima kapena arrhythmia, mwachitsanzo. Matendawa amatha kupangitsa minofu ya mtima kukhala yolimba kapena zipinda za mtima kukulitsa, kukulitsa mtima.

Kusintha kwamtunduwu mumtima kumachitika pafupipafupi okalamba, koma kumatha kuchitika kwa achikulire kapena ana omwe ali ndi mavuto amtima ndipo, koyambirira, sikuwonetsa zisonyezo. Komabe, chifukwa chakukula kwa mtima, kupopera magazi mthupi lonse kumasokonekera, zomwe zimayambitsa kutopa kwambiri komanso kupuma movutikira, mwachitsanzo.

Ngakhale ali ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lingayambitse imfa, matenda a mtima amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi wamankhwala wamankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena opaleshoni, ndipo amachiritsidwa akazindikiritsidwa koyambirira.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Kumayambiriro koyambirira, matenda a cardiomegaly samawonetsa zizindikiro, komabe, pakukula kwa vutoli, mtima umayamba kuvuta kwambiri kupopera magazi mthupi moyenera.

M'magawo otsogola kwambiri, zizindikilo zazikulu za cardiomegaly ndizo:

• Kupuma pang'ono panthawi yolimbitsa thupi, kupumula kapena kugona chafufumimba;
• Kutengeka kwa kugunda kwamtima kosasinthasintha;
• Kupweteka pachifuwa;
• Chifuwa, makamaka pamene mukugona;
• Chizungulire ndikukomoka;
• Kufooka ndi kutopa mukamayesetsa pang'ono;
• Kutopa kwambiri;
• Kupuma pang'ono panthawi yolimbitsa thupi, kupumula kapena kugona chafufumimba;
• Kutupa m'miyendo, akakolo kapena mapazi;
• Kutupa kwambiri m'mimba.

Ndikofunika kukaonana ndi katswiri wa zamitsempha akangoyamba kuonekera, kapena kupita ku dipatimenti yapachipatala yapafupi ngati mwakumana ndi matenda amtima monga kupweteka pachifuwa komanso kupuma movutikira. Dziwani momwe mungazindikire zizindikiro zoyambirira zamatenda amtima.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Kuzindikira kwa cardiomegaly kumapangidwa kutengera mbiri yazachipatala komanso kudzera m'mayeso monga ma x-ray, ma electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, computed tomography kapena magnetic resonance kuti muwone momwe mtima ukugwirira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, mayeso amwazi atha kulamulidwa kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina m'magazi zomwe zingayambitse vuto la mtima.

Mitundu ina yamayeso yomwe katswiri wamatenda angayitanitse ndi catheterization, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wowona mtima kuchokera mkati ndi mkati mwa mtima, zomwe zimatha kuchitika mukamapanga catheterization kuti muwone kuwonongeka kwa maselo amtima. Pezani momwe kutsekemera kwa mtima kumachitikira.

Zomwe zingayambitse matenda a mtima

Cardiomegaly nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha matenda ena monga:

• Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oopsa;
• Mitsempha yama Coronary mavuto monga kutsekeka kwamtima;
• Kulephera kwamtima;
• Mtima arrhythmia;
• Mtima;
• Kusokoneza;
• Matenda a valavu yamtima chifukwa cha kutentha thupi kapena matenda amtima monga endocarditis;
• Matenda ashuga;
• Matenda oopsa;
• Matenda osokoneza bongo;
• Kusakwanira kwaimpso;
• Kusowa magazi;
• Mavuto a chithokomiro monga hypo kapena hyperthyroidism;
• Mkulu wa chitsulo m'magazi;
• Matenda a Chagas;
• Kuledzera.

Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ena ochizira khansa, monga doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin kapena cyclophosphamide, amathanso kuyambitsa matenda a mtima.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha matenda a mtima chiyenera kutsogozedwa ndi katswiri wa zamagetsi ndipo nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo:

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Mankhwala omwe katswiri wa zamatenda angakupatseni kuchiza matenda a mtima ndi awa:

• Okodzetsa monga furosemide kapena indapamide: amathandizira kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo mthupi, kuwalepheretsa kudziunjikira m'mitsempha ndikulepheretsa kugunda kwa mtima, kuphatikiza pakuchepetsa kutupa m'mimba ndi miyendo, mapazi ndi akakolo;
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga captopril, enalapril, losartan, valsartan, carvedilol kapena bisoprolol: amathandizira kukonza kukhathamira kwa ziwiya, kuwonjezera magazi ndikuyendetsa ntchito yamtima;
• Maantibayotiki monga warfarin kapena aspirin: amachepetsa mamasukidwe akayendedwe amwazi, kupewa kuwundana komwe kumatha kuyambitsa kuphatikizika kapena sitiroko;
• Wosakanikirana monga digoxin: imalimbitsa minofu ya mtima, ikuthandizira kutsutsana ndikulola kupopera magazi mwaluso.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitidwa moyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri wamatenda komanso miyezo yapadera kwa munthu aliyense.

2. Kusungidwa kwa pacemaker

Nthawi zina za cardiomegaly, makamaka munthawi yayitali kwambiri, katswiri wazamtima amatha kuwonetsa kuyika kwa pacemaker kuti igwirizane ndi zikoka zamagetsi ndi kupindika kwa minofu yamtima, kukonza magwiridwe ake ndikuwongolera ntchito yamtima.

3. Opaleshoni ya mtima

Kuchita opaleshoni yamtima kumatha kuchitidwa ndi katswiri wa zamatenda ngati chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a mtima ndi chilema kapena kusintha kwa mavavu amtima. Opaleshoni imakupatsani mwayi wokonza kapena kusintha valavu yomwe yakhudzidwa.

4. Opaleshoni ya Coronary

Opaleshoni yapa coronary imatha kuwonetsedwa ndi a cardiologist ngati matenda a mtima amayamba chifukwa cha mavuto amitsempha yam'mimba yomwe imayambitsa kuthirira mtima.

Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumathandiza kukonza ndikuwongolera kuyenda kwa magazi m'mitsempha yamtunduwu yomwe imakhudzidwa ndikuthandizira kuwongolera zizindikiro za kupweteka pachifuwa komanso kupuma movutikira.

5. Kuika mtima

Kuika mtima kumatha kuchitika ngati njira zina zamankhwala sizingathandize kuthana ndi matenda a mtima, kukhala njira yomaliza yothandizira. Dziwani momwe kusintha kwa mtima kumachitikira.

Zovuta zotheka

Zovuta zomwe cardiomegaly imatha kuyambitsa ndi izi:

• Kusokoneza;
• Mapangidwe magazi kuundana;
• Kumangidwa kwamtima;
• Imfa mwadzidzidzi.

Zovutazi zimadalira gawo liti la mtima lomwe lakulitsidwa komanso chifukwa cha matenda a mtima. Chifukwa chake, nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukukayikira vuto la mtima, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita kuchipatala.

Kusamalira panthawi ya chithandizo

Zina mwa njira zofunika pochiza matenda a mtima ndi awa:

• Osasuta;
• Pitirizani kulemera wathanzi;
• Onetsetsani kuti magazi anu ali ndi shuga wambiri komanso muzimwa mankhwala a shuga omwe dokotala akukuuzani;
• Kodi kuwunika kuchipatala kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi;
• Pewani zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi caffeine;
• Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga cocaine kapena amphetamines;
• Chitani zolimbitsa thupi zolimbikitsidwa ndi dokotala;
• Kugona maola 8 mpaka 9 usiku.

Ndikofunikanso kutsatira katswiri wa zamatenda omwe amayeneranso kuwongolera kusintha kwa zakudya ndikudya chakudya chamagulu ochepa mafuta, shuga kapena mchere. Onani mndandanda wathunthu wazakudya zomwe zili zabwino pamtima.