Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Coronavirus ya 2019 ndi COVID-19

Zamkati

• Kodi coronavirus ya 2019 ndi chiyani?
• Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?
• COVID-19 motsutsana ndi chimfine
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa ma coronaviruses?
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka?
• Kodi matenda a coronaviruses amapezeka bwanji?
• Ndi mankhwala ati omwe alipo?
• Kodi ndizovuta ziti zomwe zingachitike kuchokera ku COVID-19?
• Kodi mungapewe bwanji ma coronaviruses?
• Malangizo popewa
• Kodi muyenera kuvala chigoba?
• Kodi mitundu ina ya ma coronaviruses ndi iti?
• COVID-19 vs. SARS
• Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Kodi coronavirus ya 2019 ndi chiyani?

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2020, kachilombo katsopano kanayamba kupanga mitu padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha kufala kwake kosafanana ndi kale lonse.

Chiyambi chake chidachokera kumsika wazakudya ku Wuhan, China, mu Disembala 2019. Kuchokera pamenepo, zafika kumayiko akutali monga United States ndi Philippines.

Kachilomboka (kotchedwa SARS-CoV-2) kakhala koyambitsa matenda mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndikupha anthu masauzande mazana ambiri. United States ndiye dziko lomwe lakhudzidwa kwambiri.

Matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2 amatchedwa COVID-19, omwe amayimira matenda a coronavirus 2019.

Ngakhale pali mantha padziko lonse pankhani yokhudza kachilomboka, simungathe kutenga SARS-CoV-2 pokhapokha mutakumana ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2.

Tiyeni tiwombe nthano zina.

Werengani kuti muphunzire:

• momwe coronavirus imafalikira
• momwe zimafanana komanso zosiyana ndi ma coronaviruses ena
• momwe mungapewere kufalitsa kwa ena ngati mukuganiza kuti mwatenga kachilomboka

Dziwani zambiri ndi zosintha zathu pofalikira kwa COVID-19.

Komanso, pitani ku likulu lathu la coronavirus kuti mumve zambiri zamomwe mungakonzekerere, upangiri popewa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, ndi upangiri wa akatswiri.

Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Madokotala akuphunzira zinthu zatsopano za kachilomboka tsiku lililonse. Pakadali pano, tikudziwa kuti COVID-19 mwina siyimayambitsa matenda kwa anthu ena.

Mutha kunyamula kachilomboka musanawone zizindikiro.

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi COVID-19 ndi izi:

• kupuma movutikira
• chifuwa chomwe chimakula kwambiri pakapita nthawi
• malungo otsika omwe amawonjezera pang'onopang'ono kutentha
• kutopa

Zizindikiro zochepa zimaphatikizapo:

• kuzizira
• kugwedezeka mobwerezabwereza ndi kuzizira
• chikhure
• mutu
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• kutaya kukoma
• kutaya kununkhiza

Zizindikirozi zimatha kukhala zovuta kwambiri mwa anthu ena. Itanani chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi ngati inu kapena munthu amene mukumusamalira muli ndi izi:

• kuvuta kupuma
• milomo yabuluu kapena nkhope
• kupweteka kosalekeza kapena kupanikizika m'chifuwa
• chisokonezo
• kusinza mopitirira muyeso

Akufufuzabe mndandanda wonse wazizindikiro.

COVID-19 motsutsana ndi chimfine

Tikuphunzirabe ngati coronavirus ya 2019 imapha kapena kupha pang'ono kuposa chimfine chanthawi.

Izi ndizovuta kudziwa chifukwa kuchuluka kwa milandu yonse, kuphatikiza milandu yochepa mwa anthu omwe safuna chithandizo kapena kukayezetsa, sikudziwika.

Komabe, umboni woyambirira ukuwonetsa kuti coronavirus iyi imapha anthu ambiri kuposa chimfine chanyengo.

Akuti anthu omwe adadwala chimfine nthawi ya 2020-2020 ku United States adamwalira kuyambira Epulo 4, 2020.

Izi zikufaniziridwa ndi pafupifupi 6 peresenti ya iwo omwe ali ndi mlandu wotsimikizika wa COVID-19 ku United States, malinga ndi.

Nazi zina mwazizindikiro za chimfine:

• chifuwa
• yothamanga kapena mphuno yothinana
• kuyetsemula
• chikhure
• malungo
• mutu
• kutopa
• kuzizira
• kupweteka kwa thupi

Nchiyani chimayambitsa ma coronaviruses?

Ma Coronaviruses ndi zoonotic. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amayamba kukula munyama asanapatsidwe kwa anthu.

Kuti kachilomboka kamafalitsidwe kuchokera kwa nyama kupita kwa anthu, munthu amayenera kuyandikira pafupi ndi nyama yomwe ili ndi matendawa.

Kachilomboka kakakula mwa anthu, ma coronaviruses amatha kupatsirana kuchokera kwa munthu wina kudzera m'madontho opumira. Ili ndi dzina laukadaulo lazinthu zamadzi zomwe zimayenda mlengalenga mukatsokomola, kupopera, kapena kuyankhula.

Matendawa amapachika m'madontho amenewa ndipo amatha kupumira m'mapapo (mphepo yanu yam'mapapo ndi mapapo), komwe kachilomboka kamatha kubweretsa matenda.

Ndizotheka kuti mutha kupeza SARS-CoV-2 ngati mutakhudza pakamwa, mphuno, kapena maso mutakhudza pamwamba kapena chinthu chomwe chili ndi kachilomboka. Komabe, iyi silingaganizidwe kuti ndiyo njira yayikulu yomwe kachilomboka kamafalitsira

Coronavirus ya 2019 sinalumikizidwe motsimikizika ndi nyama inayake.

Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti mwina kachilomboka kanapatsilidwa kuchokera ku mileme kupita ku nyama ina - kaya njoka kapena pangolin - kenako nkuyipatsira anthu.

Kutumiza kumeneku kuyenera kuti kunachitika kumsika wogulitsa ku Wuhan, China.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka?

Muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga SARS-CoV-2 ngati mungakumane ndi wina amene akunyamula, makamaka ngati mwakumana ndi malovu kapena mwakhala pafupi nawo atatsokomola, kuyetsemula, kapena kuyankhula.

Popanda kuchitapo kanthu moyenera, mulinso pachiwopsezo chachikulu ngati:

• khalani ndi munthu amene watenga kachilomboka
• akupereka chithandizo kunyumba kwa munthu amene watenga kachilomboka
• kukhala ndi bwenzi lapamtima lomwe latenga kachilomboka

Kusamba m'manja ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena.

Okalamba achikulire komanso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga zovuta ngati angatenge kachilomboka. Izi zathanzi:

• mavuto akulu amtima, monga kulephera kwa mtima, matenda amitsempha yamtima, kapena ma cardiomyopathies
• matenda a impso
• Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD)
• kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi index ya mass mass (BMI) ya 30 kapena kupitilira apo
• matenda a zenga
• chitetezo chofooka chamthupi cholimba
• mtundu wa 2 shuga

Amayi oyembekezera amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda ena opatsirana, koma sizikudziwika ngati zili choncho ndi COVID-19.

Akuti anthu apakati akuwoneka kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chofanana chotengera kachilombo ngati achikulire omwe alibe pakati. Komabe, CDC imanenanso kuti omwe ali ndi pakati ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala kuchokera kuma virus apuma poyerekeza ndi omwe alibe pakati.

Kutumiza kachilomboka kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana panthawi yoyembekezera sikungatheke, koma wakhanda amatha kutenga kachilomboka atabadwa.

Kodi matenda a coronaviruses amapezeka bwanji?

COVID-19 itha kupezedwa chimodzimodzi ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a tizilombo: kugwiritsa ntchito magazi, malovu, kapena minofu. Komabe, mayesero ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito swab ya thonje kuti atenge zitsanzo kuchokera m'mphuno mwanu.

CDC, madipatimenti ena azaumoyo aboma, komanso makampani ena azamalonda amachita mayeso. Onani wanu kuti mupeze komwe kuyezetsa kumachitika pafupi nanu.

Pa Epulo 21, 2020, adavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito chida choyesera choyambirira cha COVID-19.

Pogwiritsa ntchito swab ya thonje yomwe yaperekedwa, anthu azitha kutenga mphuno ndikutumiza ku labotale yoyesedwa kuti ikayesedwe.

Chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito mwadzidzidzi chimafotokoza kuti zida zoyeserera ndizovomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu omwe akatswiri azaumoyo awazindikira kuti akukayikira COVID-19.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi COVID-19 kapena mukuwona zizindikiro.

Dokotala wanu akukulangizani ngati muyenera:

• khalani kunyumba ndikuwunika matenda anu
• bwerani ku ofesi ya dokotala kuti mukayesedwe
• pitani kuchipatala kuti mukalandire chithandizo mwachangu

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe alipo?

Pakadali pano palibe chithandizo chovomerezeka chovomerezeka cha COVID-19, ndipo palibe mankhwala ochizira matenda, ngakhale mankhwala ndi katemera akuphunziridwa pakadali pano.

M'malo mwake, chithandizo chimayang'ana pakuwongolera zizindikiritso pamene kachilomboka kamatha.

Funani chithandizo chamankhwala ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi COVID-19. Dokotala wanu amalangiza chithandizo chazizindikiro zilizonse zomwe zingachitike ndikudziwitsani ngati mukufuna chithandizo chadzidzidzi.

Ma coronaviruses ena monga SARS ndi MERS amathandizidwanso ndikuwongolera zizindikilo. Nthawi zina, mankhwala oyeserera adayesedwa kuti awone momwe aliri othandiza.

Zitsanzo zamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matendawa ndi awa:

• mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo kapena ma ARV
• kuthandizira kupuma, monga makina othandizira mpweya
• steroids kuti muchepetse kutupa kwamapapo
• kuikidwa magazi

Kodi ndizovuta ziti zomwe zingachitike kuchokera ku COVID-19?

Vuto lalikulu kwambiri la COVID-19 ndi mtundu wa chibayo chomwe chimatchedwa chibayo cha 2019 cha coronavirus-virus chibayo (NCIP).

Zotsatira zakufufuza kwa 2020 kwa anthu 138 omwe adalandiridwa muzipatala ku Wuhan, China, ndi NCIP adapeza kuti 26 peresenti ya omwe adalandiridwa anali ndi milandu yayikulu ndipo amafunika kuwalandirira kuchipatala cha ICU.

Pafupifupi 4.3 peresenti ya anthu omwe adalandiridwa ku ICU adamwalira ndi chibayo cha mtundu uwu.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti anthu omwe adalandiridwa ku ICU anali achikulire pafupifupi ndipo anali ndi thanzi labwino kuposa anthu omwe sanapite ku ICU.

Pakadali pano, NCIP ndiye vuto lokhalo lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi 2019 coronavirus. Ofufuza awona zovuta zotsatirazi mwa anthu omwe apanga COVID-19:

• matenda opatsirana kwambiri (ARDS)
• kuthamanga kwa mtima (arrhythmia)
• mantha amtima
• kupweteka kwambiri kwa minofu (myalgia)
• kutopa
• kuwonongeka kwa mtima kapena matenda amtima
• Matenda otupa m'matenda a ana (MIS-C), omwe amadziwikanso kuti matenda a ana (PMIS)

Kodi mungapewe bwanji ma coronaviruses?

Njira yabwino yopewera kufalikira kwa matenda ndikupewa kapena kuchepetsa kulumikizana ndi anthu omwe akuwonetsa zizindikiro za COVID-19 kapena matenda aliwonse opumira.

Chinthu chotsatira chomwe mungachite ndikuchita ukhondo ndi kutalika kwa thupi kuti muteteze mabakiteriya ndi ma virus.

Malangizo popewa

• Sambani m'manja pafupipafupi masekondi osachepera 20 nthawi imodzi ndi madzi ofunda ndi sopo. Kutalika bwanji masekondi 20? Pafupifupi utali wonse womwe zimatengera kuti muyimbe "ABC" anu.
• Musakhudze nkhope yanu, maso, mphuno, kapena pakamwa pomwe manja anu ali odetsedwa.
• Musatuluke ngati mukudwala kapena muli ndi zizindikiro zozizira kapena chimfine.
• Khalani pa (2 mita) kutali ndi anthu.
• Phimbani pakamwa panu ndi khungu kapena mkati mwa chigongono mukamayetsemula kapena kutsokomola. Kutaya zimakhala zilizonse zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo.
• Sambani chilichonse chomwe mungakhudze kwambiri. Gwiritsani ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pazinthu monga mafoni, makompyuta, ndi zitseko zitseko. Gwiritsani ntchito sopo ndi madzi pazinthu zomwe mumaphika kapena kudya nawo, monga ziwiya ndi mbale.

Kodi muyenera kuvala chigoba?

Ngati muli pagulu pomwe kumakhala kovuta kutsatira malangizidwe akutali, akuvomereza kuti muvale chovala kumaso chophimba nkhope chomwe chimakwirira pakamwa panu ndi mphuno.

Zikavekedwa moyenera, komanso pagulu lalikulu, masks awa amatha kuthandiza kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa SARS-CoV-2.

Izi ndichifukwa choti amatha kuletsa madontho opumira a anthu omwe atha kukhala opanda ziwalo kapena anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka koma sanazindikiridwe.

Madontho opumira amapita mlengalenga mukama:

• tulutsa
• nkhani
• chifuwa
• yetsemula

Mutha kupanga mask yanu pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga:

• bandana
• T-sheti
• nsalu ya thonje

CDC imapereka chophimba kumaso ndi lumo kapena makina osokera.

Maski a nsalu amakonda anthu onse popeza mitundu ina ya masks iyenera kusungidwa kwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo.

Ndikofunikira kuti chigoba chizikhala choyera. Sambani nthawi iliyonse mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Pewani kugwira kutsogolo kwake ndi manja. Komanso, pewani kukhudza pakamwa, mphuno, ndi maso mukamachotsa.

Izi zimakulepheretsani kusamutsa kachilomboka pachisoti m'manja mwanu komanso kuchokera m'manja mpaka pankhope.

Kumbukirani kuti kuvala chigoba sikubwezeretsa njira zina zodzitetezera, monga kusamba m'manja pafupipafupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zonsezi ndizofunikira.

Anthu ena sayenera kuvala kumaso, kuphatikiza:

• ana ochepera zaka ziwiri
• anthu omwe amavutika kupuma
• anthu omwe sangathe kuchotsa maski awo

Kodi mitundu ina ya ma coronaviruses ndi iti?

Matenda a coronavirus amatchulidwa ndi momwe amawonekera pansi pa microscope.

Mawu oti corona amatanthauza "korona."

Akayang'anitsitsa, kachilomboka kakuzungulira kamakhala ndi "korona" wa mapuloteni otchedwa peplomers omwe amatuluka kuchokera pakatikati pake mbali zonse. Mapuloteniwa amathandiza kuti kachilomboka kazindikire ngati kangathe kupatsira yemwe akumukhala.

Matenda omwe amadziwika kuti acute acute kupuma kwamatenda (SARS) amathandizidwanso ndi matenda opatsirana a coronavirus kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000. Kachilombo ka SARS kakhalapo kuyambira kale.

COVID-19 vs. SARS

Ino si nthawi yoyamba kuti coronavirus ipange nkhani. Mliri wa SARS wa 2003 udayambitsidwanso ndi coronavirus.

Monga momwe zilili ndi kachilombo ka 2019, kachilombo ka SARS kanapezeka koyamba m'zinyama zisanapatsidwe kwa anthu.

Kachilombo ka SARS kalingaliridwa kuti kanachokera ndipo kanasamutsidwira ku nyama ina kenako kwa anthu.

Atapatsira anthu, kachilombo ka SARS kanayamba kufalikira mwachangu pakati pa anthu.

Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti coronavirus yatsopano ikhale yodziwika bwino ndikuti chithandizo kapena chithandizo sichinapangidwebe kuti chithandizire kupewa kufalikira kwachangu kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu.

A SARS adakwaniritsidwa.

Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Choyamba, musachite mantha. Simukuyenera kukhala kwaokha pokhapokha ngati mukuganiza kuti mwatenga kachilomboka kapena mutakhala ndi zotsatira zovomerezeka.

Kutsatira njira yosamba m'manja komanso kutsuka kwa thupi ndi njira zabwino zodzitetezera kuti musatenge kachilomboka.

Coronavirus ya 2019 imawoneka yowopsa mukawerenga nkhani zakufa kwatsopano, kupatula anthu ena, komanso kuletsa kuyenda.

Khalani odekha ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu ngati mwapezeka ndi COVID-19 kuti muthe kuchira ndikuthandizira kuti isafalitsidwe.

Werengani nkhaniyi m'Chisipanishi.