Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Katemera wa COVID-19

Zamkati

• Choyamba, kufotokozeranso momwe katemera wa COVID-19 amagwirira ntchito.
• Kodi ndi zotsatira ziti za katemera wa COVID-19 zomwe ndiyenera kuyembekezera?
• Kodi zotsatira za katemera wa COVID-19 ndizofala bwanji?
• Chifukwa Chake Muyenera Kupeza Katemera wa COVID-19, Mosasamala Zoyipa Zake
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Patangopita masiku ochepa kuchokera pamene katemera wa COVID-19 wa Pfizer adalandira chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito mwadzidzidzi kuchokera ku Food and Drug Administration, anthu ena ali kale katemera. Pa Disembala 14, 2020, Mlingo woyamba wa katemera wa Pfizer unaperekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo ndi ogwira ntchito kunyumba zosungirako okalamba. M'masabata ndi miyezi ikubwerayi, katemerayu apitilizabe kuperekedwa kwa anthu onse, ogwira ntchito ofunikira komanso achikulire omwe ali m'gulu la oyamba kulandira mankhwala atadwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha akatswiri azaumoyo. (Onani: Kodi Katemera wa COVID-19 Adzapezeka Liti - Ndipo Ndani Adzayamba Kuyamba?)

Ndi nthawi yosangalatsa, koma ngati mwakhala mukuwona malipoti okhudzana ndi zovuta "za" katemera wa COVID-19, mwina mumakhala ndi mafunso pazomwe mungayembekezere ikafika nthawi yanu kuti muwombere. Izi ndi zomwe muyenera kudziwa za zotsatira za katemera wa COVID-19.

Choyamba, kufotokozeranso momwe katemera wa COVID-19 amagwirira ntchito.

Katemera wa COVID-19 ochokera ku Pfizer ndi Moderna - omaliza omwe akuyembekezeka kulandira chilolezo chadzidzidzi pakangopita masiku ochepa - gwiritsani ntchito katemera wamtundu wina wotchedwa messenger RNA (mRNA). M'malo moyika kachilombo koyambitsa matenda m'thupi lanu (monga momwe amachitira ndi chimfine), katemera wa mRNA amagwira ntchito polemba gawo la protein ya spike yomwe imapezeka pamwamba pa SARS-CoV-2 (kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa COVID-19). Zidutswa zamapuloteni omwe amabisidwawo zimayambitsa chitetezo chamthupi mthupi lanu, ndikupangitsa kuti mukhale ndi ma antibodies omwe angakutetezeni ku kachilomboka ngati mungatenge kachilomboka, Amesh A. Adalja, MD, katswiri wamkulu ku Johns Hopkins Centers for Health Security, adauzidwa kale Maonekedwe. (Zambiri apa: Kodi Katemera wa COVID-19 Ndi Wothandiza Bwanji?)

Taganizirani za zidutswa zamapuloteni zomwe zidatchulidwazo ngati "zala" zapangidwe ka kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2, atero a Thad Mick, Pharm.D., Wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wamapulogalamu azamankhwala ndi ntchito zowunikira ku ZOOM + Care. "Cholinga cha katemera wa COVID-19 ndikudziwitsani zala zala zomwe zimachenjeza thupi lanu kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chizindikire kuti sichake ndipo chimapangitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chitetezeke kachilomboka kasanakhale ndi mwayi wopeza. chitetezo chachilengedwe, ”akufotokoza.

Pokonzekera kuyankha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, sizachilendo kupeza zovuta zina panjira, akuwonjezera Mick.

Kodi ndi zotsatira ziti za katemera wa COVID-19 zomwe ndiyenera kuyembekezera?

Kuyambira pano, tili ndi kafukufuku woyambirira wokhudzana ndi zotsatira zoyipa za chitetezo cha katemera wa Pfizer's ndi Moderna wa COVID-19. Ponseponse, katemera wa Pfizer akuti ali ndi "mbiri yabwino yotetezeka," pomwe Moderna amawonetsanso "zodetsa nkhawa kwambiri." Makampani onsewa akuti akupitiliza kusonkhanitsa chitetezo (ndi magwiridwe antchito) kuti atsimikizire izi.

Izi zati, monga katemera aliyense, mutha kukhala ndi zovuta zina za katemera wa COVID-19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention yalemba zotsatira za katemera wa COVID-19 patsamba lake:

• Ululu ndi kutupa pamalo obayira
• Malungo
• Kuzizira
• Kutopa
• Mutu

Zotsatira zina za katemera wa COVID-19 zitha kuphatikizira kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kupweteka kwamagulu, akuwonjezera Mick. "Pazomwe tikudziwa, zovuta zambiri zimatha kupezeka tsiku loyamba kapena awiri mutalandira katemerayu, koma atha kupezeka pambuyo pake," akufotokoza. (Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti zotsatira za chimfine ndizofanana.)

Ngati zotsatirazi zikumveka ngati zizindikiro za COVID-19, ndichifukwa zilidi. "Katemerayu amalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chimenye kachilomboka," akufotokoza Richard Pan, M.D., dokotala wa ana komanso senator wa boma la California. "Zotsatira zoyipa zambiri ndizizindikiro za kuyankha monga kutentha thupi, kutopa, kupweteka mutu, komanso kupweteka kwa minofu."

Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti katemera wa COVID-19 angakupatseni COVID-19, akutero Dr. Pan. "Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mRNA [yochokera ku katemera] sichimakhudza maselo anu onse," akufotokoza. M'malo mwake, mRNA imeneyi ndi pulani yakanthawi kochepa ya protein yomwe ili pamwamba pa kachilomboka. "Ndondomeko iyi ndiyosalimba kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake katemerayu amafunika kuti azizizira kwambiri asanagwiritse ntchito," akutero Dr. Pan. Thupi lanu pamapeto pake limachotsa pulaniyo mutalandira katemera, koma ma antibodies omwe mumapanga poyankha amakhalabe, akufotokoza. (CDC ikuwona kuti zambiri zikufunika kuti zitsimikizire kuti ma antibodies opangidwa kuchokera ku katemera wa COVID-19 adzakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji.)

Dr.

Kodi zotsatira za katemera wa COVID-19 ndizofala bwanji?

A FDA akuwunikirabe zambiri zakomwe zotsatira zoyipa za COVID-19 zomwe zatchulidwazi zitha kukhala za anthu wamba. Pakadali pano, zomwe atulutsa a Pfizer ndi Moderna pamayeso awo akulu azachipatala zikuwonetsa kuti anthu ochepa adzakumana ndi "zizindikiro zazikulu koma zosakhalitsa" atalandira katemera wa COVID-19, atero Dr. Pan.

Makamaka, pakuyesa kwa Moderna katemera wake wa COVID-19, 2.7 peresenti ya anthu adamva kuwawa kwa jekeseni pambuyo pa mlingo woyamba. Kutsatira mlingo wachiwiri (womwe umaperekedwa milungu inayi itatha kuwomberedwa koyamba), 9.7 peresenti ya anthu adatopa, 8.9% adanenapo zowawa za minofu, 5.2% adamva kupweteka kwamiyendo, 4.5% adamva kupweteka kwa mutu, 4.1% adamva kuwawa, ndipo 2% adati kuwombera kwachiwiri kunawasiya ali ofiira pamalo obayira.

Pakadali pano, zotsatira za katemera wa PVizer wa COVID-19 zikuwoneka ngati zofanana ndi za Moderna. Pfizer atayesa kwambiri katemera wake, 3.8 peresenti ya anthu adanena kuti atopa ndipo 2% adadwala mutu, onse atatha kumwa mankhwala achiwiri (omwe amapatsidwa milungu itatu kuchokera ku jakisoni woyamba). Osakwana 1 peresenti ya anthu omwe adayesedwa kuchipatala adanena kuti ali ndi malungo (omwe amatanthauzidwa mu kafukufuku ngati kutentha kwa thupi pamwamba pa 100 ° F) pambuyo pa mlingo woyamba kapena wachiwiri. Chiwerengero chochepa (0.3 peresenti, kukhala chenicheni) cha omwe adalandira katemera adanenanso kuti ma lymph node otupa, "omwe amatha kutha mkati mwa masiku 10" atalandira katemera, malinga ndi kafukufukuyu.

Ngakhale kuti zotsatirazi ndizosakhalitsa ndipo sizikuwoneka ngati zofala, zikhoza kukhala "zofunika" moti anthu ena "angafunike kuphonya tsiku la ntchito" atalandira katemera, anatero Dr. Pan.

Mwinanso mudamvapo nkhawa zakukhudzidwa ndi katemera wa Pfizer wa COVID-19. Katemerayu atangotulutsidwa ku UK, anthu awiri ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo - omwe nthawi zonse amakhala ndi EpiPen ndipo amakhala ndi mbiri yazomwe zimachitika - anaphylaxis wodziwika (zomwe zimawopseza moyo zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chofooka kupuma komanso kutsika kwa magazi ) kutsatira mlingo wawo woyamba, malinga ndi New York Times. Onse ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo achira, koma pakadali pano, ogwira ntchito zazaumoyo ku UK apereka chenjezo lodana ndi katemera wa Pfizer wa COVID-19: Katemera wa Pfizer / BioNTech. Mlingo wachiwiri sayenera kuperekedwa kwa aliyense amene wakumanapo ndi anaphylaxis kutsatira mankhwala oyamba a katemerayu. ” (Zogwirizana: Kodi Chimachitika Ndi Chiyani Mukalowa mu Anaphylactic Shock?)

Ku US, chikalata chochokera ku FDA pa katemera wa Pfizer wa COVID-19 chimanenanso chimodzimodzi kuti "anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yodziwika ya zovuta zowopsa (mwachitsanzo anaphylaxis) kuzinthu zilizonse za Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 Vaccine" sayenera katemera pakadali pano. (Mutha kupeza mndandanda wathunthu wazosakaniza mu katemera wa Pfizer mu pepala lomwelo kuchokera ku FDA.)

Chifukwa Chake Muyenera Kupeza Katemera wa COVID-19, Mosasamala Zoyipa Zake

Chowonadi ndi chakuti, mutha kumva ngati wopanda pake kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri mutalandira katemera wa COVID-19. Koma zonse, katemera wa COVID-19 ndi "otetezeka kwambiri" kuposa kachilomboka komwe kapha anthu pafupifupi 300,000 ku US, atero Dr. Pan.

Katemera wa COVID-19 sangothandiza inu kupewa zovuta zazikulu za COVID-19, koma zithandizanso kuteteza anthu omwe sangatero kulandira katemerabe (kuphatikiza omwe akudwala kwambiri, omwe ali ndi pakati, ndi omwe achepera zaka 16), akuwonjezera Dr. Pan. (Kuvala chigoba chanu, kutalika kwa anthu, ndikusamba m'manja kudzapitilizabe kukhala kofunikira poteteza anthu ku COVID-19.)

"Ngakhale ambiri akuda nkhawa ndi katemera wa COVID-19, pali zabwino zambiri zopezera katemera," akufotokoza Mick. "Katemera ameneyu akuyesedwa bwino ndipo amangofika kumsika ngati ngozi za katemerazi zachuluka kuposa phindu lake."

Zomwe zili munkhaniyi ndizolondola monga nthawi yolemba. Pomwe zosintha za coronavirus COVID-19 zikupitilizabe kusintha, ndizotheka kuti zina ndi zina zomwe zanenedwa m'nkhaniyi zasintha kuyambira pomwe zidasindikizidwa koyamba. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mumayang'anitsitsa pafupipafupi ndi zinthu monga CDC, WHO, ndi dipatimenti yazaumoyo yakwanuko kuti mumve zambiri zamtunduwu komanso malingaliro awo.

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