Dialectical Behaeveal Therapy (DBT)

Zamkati

• Kodi DBT ndi chiyani?
• Kodi DBT ikufanizira bwanji ndi CBT?
• Ndi maluso ati omwe DBT imathandizira kukulitsa?
• Kulingalira
• Kulolerana mavuto
• Kuchita bwino pakati pa anthu
• Malangizo okhudzidwa
• Kodi DBT imagwiritsa ntchito njira ziti?
• Chithandizo cha m'modzi m'modzi
• Maphunziro a luso
• Kuphunzitsa mafoni
• Kodi DBT ingathandize bwanji?
• Mfundo yofunika

Kodi DBT ndi chiyani?

DBT imanena zamankhwala othandizira kusintha. Ndi njira yothandizira yomwe ingakuthandizeni kuphunzira kuthana ndi zovuta.

DBT idachokera ku ntchito ya katswiri wama psychology Marsha Linehan, yemwe adagwira ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la m'malire aumunthu (BPD) kapena malingaliro okhalabe ofuna kudzipha.

Masiku ano, imagwiritsidwabe ntchito pochiza BPD komanso zovuta zina, kuphatikiza:

• mavuto a kudya
• kudzipweteketsa
• kukhumudwa
• zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Pakatikati pake, DBT imathandiza anthu kupanga maluso anayi akuluakulu:

• kulingalira
• kulolerana mavuto
• zogwira mtima
• malamulo okhudza mtima

Pemphani kuti mudziwe zambiri za DBT, kuphatikiza momwe ikufananirana ndi CBT komanso momwe luso loyambirira lomwe limaphunzitsira lingakuthandizireni kukhala ndi moyo wosangalala komanso wolingalira bwino.

Kodi DBT ikufanizira bwanji ndi CBT?

DBT imawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo laling'ono lazidziwitso zamankhwala othandizira (CBT), koma pali kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa awiriwa. Zonsezi zimakhudzana ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kuti mumvetsetse bwino ndikusamalira malingaliro anu ndi machitidwe anu.

Komabe, DBT imagogomezera kwambiri pakuthana ndi malingaliro komanso ubale wapakati pa anthu. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa choyambirira idapangidwa ngati chithandizo cha BPD, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimadziwika ndi kusinthasintha kwamalingaliro ndi machitidwe omwe angapangitse kukhala ndi ubale ndi ena kukhala kovuta.

Ndi maluso ati omwe DBT imathandizira kukulitsa?

Ndi DBT, muphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito maluso anayi, omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa ma module, kuti athane ndi kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe abwino, opindulitsa. Linehan amatchula maluso anayi awa ngati "zowonjezera zowonjezera" za DBT.

Kulingalira mwanzeru komanso kupirira pamavuto kumakuthandizani kuyesetsa kuvomereza malingaliro anu ndi machitidwe anu. Kukhazikika pamalingaliro ndi kuchita bwino pakati pa anthu kumakuthandizani kuti musinthe malingaliro anu ndi machitidwe anu.

Pano pali kuyang'anitsitsa maluso anayi.

Kulingalira

Kulingalira ndikutanthauza kudziwa ndi kuvomereza zomwe zikuchitika munthawi ino. Izi zitha kukuthandizani kuti muphunzire kuzindikira ndikuvomereza malingaliro ndi malingaliro anu popanda kuweruza.

Pankhani ya DBT, kulingalira kumaphwanyidwa kukhala maluso a "chiyani" ndi "motani" maluso.

Maluso "otani" amakuphunzitsani chani mukuyang'ana kwambiri, mwina:

• pano
• kuzindikira kwanu pakadali pano
• mtima wanu, malingaliro anu, ndi kumva kwanu
• kulekanitsa malingaliro ndi zotengeka kuchokera ku malingaliro

Maluso "Momwe" amakuphunzitsirani Bwanji kukumbukira kwambiri ndi:

• kulinganiza malingaliro amalingaliro ndi malingaliro
• kugwiritsa ntchito kuvomereza kwakukulu kuti muphunzire kulekerera zina zanu (bola ngati sizikukuvulazani kapena ena)
• kuchitapo kanthu moyenera
• kugwiritsa ntchito luso la kulingalira pafupipafupi
• kuthana ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kovuta kulingalira, monga kugona, kupumula, ndi kukayika

Kulolerana mavuto

Kulingalira kumatha kupita kutali, koma sikokwanira nthawi zonse, makamaka panthawi yamavuto. Ndipamene kulolerana kwa zovuta kumabwera.

Maluso ololera pamavuto amakuthandizani kudutsa pamiyeso yolimba osatembenukira ku njira zowononga zomwe zingathe kuwononga.

Nthawi yamavuto, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zothetsera mavuto anu. Zina mwa izi, monga kudzipatula kapena kupewa, sizithandiza kwambiri, ngakhale zitatha kukuthandizani kuti mumve bwino kwakanthawi. Zina, monga kudzivulaza, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena kupsa mtima, zitha kuvulaza.

Maluso opirira pamavuto atha kukuthandizani:

• kudzidodometsa mpaka mutakhazikika mokwanira kuthana ndi vutoli kapena kutengeka
• kudzitonthoza pokhazikika ndikumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zanu kuti mukhale mwamtendere
• pezani njira zokuthandizani pakadali pano ngakhale mukumva kuwawa kapena zovuta
• yerekezerani njira zothanirana ndi mndandanda wazabwino ndi zoyipa

Kuchita bwino pakati pa anthu

Kutengeka mtima kwakanthawi komanso kusintha kwamaganizidwe mwachangu kumatha kukhala kovuta kukhala bwino ndi ena. Kudziwa momwe mukumvera komanso zomwe mukufuna ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga kulumikizana kokwanira.

Maluso olumikizirana ndi ena atha kukuthandizani kumvetsetsa za izi. Maluso awa amaphatikiza maluso akumvetsera, maluso ochezera, komanso kuphunzitsa kutsimikiza kukuthandizani kuphunzira momwe mungasinthire zinthu ndikukwaniritsa zomwe mumakhulupirira.

Maluso awa ndi awa:

• Kuchita bwino, kapena kuphunzira kufunsa zomwe mukufuna ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti mupeze
• kuchita bwino pakati pa anthu, kapena kuphunzira kuthana ndi mavuto ndi zovuta muubwenzi
• kudzidalira, kapena kudzipangira ulemu

Malangizo okhudzidwa

Nthawi zina mungamve ngati kuti palibe kothawira kumalingaliro anu. Koma movutikira momwe zingamvekere, ndizotheka kuwayang'anira mothandizidwa pang'ono.

Maluso okhudzana ndi kutengeka mtima amakuthandizani kuti muphunzire kuthana ndi zovuta zam'maganizo zisanachitike. Mwachitsanzo, kupsa mtima kwambiri kumatha kudzichititsa kumva ngati wamlandu, kudziona ngati wopanda ntchito, kuchita manyazi ngakhalenso kukhumudwa.

Maluso okhudza kutengeka amakuphunzitsani:

• kuzindikira mtima
• kuthana ndi zopinga pamalingaliro zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino
• kuchepetsa chiopsezo
• kuonjezera malingaliro omwe ali ndi zotsatira zabwino
• khalani osamala kwambiri pamalingaliro popanda kuwaweruza
• dziwonetseni nokha ku malingaliro anu
• pewani kuchita zomwe mukufuna
• kuthetsa mavuto m'njira zothandiza

Kodi DBT imagwiritsa ntchito njira ziti?

DBT imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu ya njira zochiritsira pophunzitsa maluso anayi omwe takambirana pamwambapa. Ena amakhulupirira kuti kuphatikiza kwa maluso ndi gawo lazomwe zimapangitsa DBT kukhala yothandiza kwambiri.

Chithandizo cha m'modzi m'modzi

DBT nthawi zambiri imakhudza ola limodzi la chithandizo chamodzi ndi mmodzi sabata iliyonse. M'magawo awa, mukambirana ndi wothandizira za chilichonse chomwe mukugwira kapena kuyesayesa.

Wothandizira adzagwiritsanso ntchito nthawi ino kukulitsa maluso anu ndikuthandizani kuthana ndi zovuta zina.

Maphunziro a luso

DBT imaphatikizapo gulu lophunzitsira maluso, lomwe likufanana ndi gawo lothandizira gulu.

Magulu aluso nthawi zambiri amakumana kamodzi pa sabata kwa maola awiri kapena atatu. Misonkhano nthawi zambiri imakhala kwamasabata 24, koma mapulogalamu ambiri a DBT amabwereza maphunziro a maluso kotero kuti pulogalamuyi imatenga chaka chathunthu.

Pakati pa gulu la maluso, muphunzira ndikugwiritsa ntchito luso lirilonse, kukambirana zochitika ndi anthu ena mgulu lanu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za DBT.

Kuphunzitsa mafoni

Othandizira ena amaperekanso foni pothandizira kuti athe kukuthandizani pakati pawo m'modzi ndi m'modzi. Ichi chikhoza kukhala chinthu chabwino kukhala nacho mthumba lanu lakumbuyo ngati nthawi zambiri mumadzimva kuti mwatopa kapena mumangofunika kuthandizidwa kwina.

Pa foni, wothandizira wanu adzakutsogolerani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito luso lanu la DBT kuti muthane ndi vutoli.

Kodi DBT ingathandize bwanji?

DBT idapangidwa koyambirira kuti ithandizire kukonza zizindikiro za BPD komanso malingaliro ofuna kudzipha. Masiku ano, amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala othandiza kwambiri ku BPD.

Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa 2014 adayang'ana momwe anthu 47 omwe ali ndi BPD adayankhira DBT. Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha chaka chimodzi, 77% sanakumanenso ndi matenda a BPD.

DBT itha kuthandizanso pazinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza:

• Matenda osokoneza bongo. DBT ikhoza kuthandizira kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndikufupikitsa kubwereranso.
• Matenda okhumudwa. Kafukufuku wocheperako wa 2003 adapeza kuphatikiza kwa ma anti-depressants ndipo DBT inali yothandiza kwambiri pochiza kukhumudwa kwa okalamba kuposa omwe amakhala opanikizika okha.
• Mavuto akudya. Kafukufuku wakale kuyambira 2001 adawona momwe DBT idathandizira kagulu kakang'ono ka azimayi omwe ali ndi vuto lakudya mopitirira muyeso. Mwa iwo omwe adatenga nawo gawo ku DBT, 89% anali atasiya kudya mopitirira muyeso atalandira chithandizo.

Mfundo yofunika

DBT ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa zizindikiro za BPD, koma amagwiritsanso ntchito zina.

Ngati nthawi zambiri mumakhala mukuvutika maganizo ndipo mukufuna kuphunzira njira zatsopano zothetsera mavuto, DBT ikhoza kukhala yoyenera kwa inu.