Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Mano Anesthesia

Zamkati

• Kodi mitundu yamankhwala opatsirana mano ndi iti?
• Anesthesia yapafupi
• Kukhazikika
• Anesthesia wamba
• Zotsatira zake zoyipa za mano ndi ziti?
• Zisamaliro zapadera mukamamwa mankhwala opha mano
• Mimba
• Zosowa zapadera
• Okalamba okalamba
• Mavuto a chiwindi, impso, mapapo, kapena mtima
• Mavuto ena amitsempha
• Zochitika zina
• Kodi kuopsa kwa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi kuli bwanji?
• Kutenga

Kodi mukukonzekera kuyeza mano ndikukhala ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi anesthesia?

Pafupifupi anthu amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso nkhawa zazowawa ndi njira zamano. Kuda nkhawa kumachedwetsa kulandira chithandizo ndipo izi zitha kukulitsa vuto.

Mankhwala oletsa ululu akhala alipo kwa zaka zoposa 175! M'malo mwake, njira yoyamba yolembetsera mankhwala ochititsa munthu kumva kuwawa idachitika mu 1846 pogwiritsa ntchito ether.

Tachokera kutali kuyambira pamenepo, ndipo mankhwala opha ululu ndi chida chofunikira chothandizira odwala kuti azikhala omasuka panthawi yamano.

Ndizosankha zambiri zomwe zilipo, anesthesia imatha kusokoneza. Timaziphwanya kuti mukhale olimba mtima musanapite ku mano.

Kodi mitundu yamankhwala opatsirana mano ndi iti?

Anesthesia amatanthauza kusowa kapena kutaya chidwi. Izi zitha kukhala popanda kapena kuzindikira.

Lero pali zosankha zambiri zopezeka m'mano. Mankhwala atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito payokha kapena kuphatikiza kuti zinthu ziwayendere bwino. Zimasankhidwa payekha kuti zikhale zotetezeka komanso zopambana.

Mtundu wa mankhwala oletsa ululu omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito umadalira msinkhu wa munthu, thanzi, kutalika kwa njirayi, ndi zovuta zilizonse zamankhwala osokoneza bongo m'mbuyomu.

Anesthetics amagwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera zomwe agwiritsa ntchito. Mankhwala opha ululu amatha kukhala achidule akagwiritsidwa ntchito molunjika kudera lina kapena kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pomwe pamafunika opaleshoni yambiri.

Kupambana kwa opaleshoni ya mano kumadalira:

• mankhwala
• deralo likudwala
• ndondomeko
• zinthu payekha

Zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse oveketsa mano ndi nthawi yochitira izi. Zikuwonetsanso kuti kutupa kumatha kukhala ndi vuto pakakhala mankhwala opha ululu.

Komanso, kwa dzanzi la m'deralo, mano a nsagwada yakumunsi (mandibular) mkamwa ndi ovuta kutonthoza kuposa mano akumpoto (maxillary).

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya anesthesia: kwanuko, sedation, ndi wamba. Iliyonse imagwiritsa ntchito. Izi zitha kuphatikizidwanso ndi mankhwala ena.

Anesthesia yapafupi

Mankhwala oletsa ululu am'deralo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosavuta kuziziritsa monga kudzaza m'mimbamo, zomwe zimafuna nthawi yayifupi kuti mumalize ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta.

Mudzakhala ozindikira komanso okhoza kulumikizana mukapeza mankhwala oletsa ululu m'deralo. Malowa adzachita dzanzi, chifukwa chake simumva kuwawa.

Mankhwala ambiri oletsa ululu amayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu (pasanathe mphindi 10) ndipo amatha mphindi 30 mpaka 60. Nthawi zina vasopressor monga epinephrine amawonjezeredwa ku zodzikongoletsa kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu zake komanso kuti mphamvu ya kunenepa isafalikire kumadera ena a thupi.

Ma anesthetics am'deralo amapezeka pakauntala komanso ngati mankhwala mu gel, mafuta, kirimu, kutsitsi, chigamba, madzi, ndi mitundu ya jakisoni.

Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamutu (kugwiritsidwa ntchito molunjika kudera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi dzanzi) kapena kubayidwa m'deralo kuti muchiritsidwe. Nthawi zina, kupepuka kochepa kumawonjezeredwa ku mankhwala oletsa ululu am'deralo kuti athandize kupumula munthu.

• alireza
• bupivacaine
• lidocaine
• chimatsu
• prilocaine

Kukhazikika

Sedation ili ndi magawo angapo ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupumula munthu yemwe atha kukhala ndi nkhawa, kuthandizira kupweteka, kapena kuwasunga kuti achite izi. Zitha kuchititsanso kuti munthu asamavutike.

Mutha kukhala ozindikira bwino komanso okhoza kuyankha kumalamulo, kutha kudziwa zambiri, kapena kuzindikira pang'ono. Sedation imagawidwa ngati ofatsa, ochepa, kapena ozama.

Kutentha kwakukulu kumatha kutchedwanso kuyang'anira chisamaliro cha anesthesia kapena MAC. Mukukhala pansi kwambiri, simudziwa zambiri za malo omwe mumakhala ndipo mumangoyankha kukakamizidwa mobwerezabwereza kapena kowawa.

Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa pakamwa (piritsi kapena madzi), kutulutsa mpweya, intramuscularly (IM), kapena kudzera m'mitsempha (IV).

Pali zoopsa zambiri ndi IV sedation. Kugunda kwa mtima wanu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kupuma kwanu kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala pang'ono kapena pang'ono.

• diazepam (Valium)
• midazolam (Ndemanga)
• mapulogalamu (Diprivan)
• nitrous okusayidi

Anesthesia wamba

Anesthesia wamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito njira zazitali, kapena ngati muli ndi nkhawa zambiri zomwe zingasokoneze chithandizo chanu.

Mudzakhala osadziŵa chilichonse, osakhala ndi ululu, minofu yanu idzamasuka, ndipo mudzakhala ndi amnesia pochita izi.

Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera pachophimba kumaso kapena IV. Mulingo wa ochititsa dzanzi umadalira pamachitidwe ndi wodwalayo. Pali zoopsa zosiyanasiyana ndi anesthesia wamba.

• Zolemba
• ketamine
• etomidate
• midzhira
• diazepam
• kutchfuneralhome
• nitrous okusayidi
• alireza
• alireza
• sevoflurane

Zotsatira zake zoyipa za mano ndi ziti?

Zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala oletsa mano zimadalira mtundu wa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito. Anesthesia yodziwika imakhala ndi zoopsa zambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kuposa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi kapena kusisita. Zochita zimasiyananso kutengera zinthu.

Zina mwa zomwe zakhala zikuchitika chifukwa cha sedation komanso mankhwala oletsa ululu ndi awa:

• nseru kapena kusanza
• mutu
• kutuluka thukuta kapena kunjenjemera
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, kusokonezeka, kapena kusokonezeka
• mawu osalankhula
• pakamwa pouma kapena pakhosi
• ululu pamalo obayira
• chizungulire
• kutopa
• dzanzi
• lockjaw (trismus) yoyambitsidwa ndi zoopsa za opaleshoni; kutsegula kwa nsagwada kwakanthawi

Vasoconstrictors monga epinephrine wowonjezeredwa ku mankhwala opha ululu amathanso kuyambitsa mavuto amtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Izi ndi zina zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala oletsa ululu. Funsani gulu lanu lamankhwala zamankhwala zamankhwala anu ndi zovuta zilizonse zomwe mungakhale nazo za mankhwalawa.

Zisamaliro zapadera mukamamwa mankhwala opha mano

Pali zochitika momwe inu ndi dokotala kapena dokotala mungakambirane ngati dotolo wamano ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa inu.

Chilolezo chakuchiritsidwa ndi gawo lofunikira pokambirana pasadakhale. Funsani mafunso okhudzana ndi zoopsa komanso chitetezo chomwe chingatengedwe kuti zitsimikizidwe.

Mimba

Ngati muli ndi pakati, dokotala wanu wamankhwala kapena dotolo azikambirana zoopsa motsutsana ndi maubwino a mankhwala opha ululu kwa inu ndi mwana wanu.

Zosowa zapadera

Ana ndi omwe ali ndi zosowa zapadera amafunika kuwunika mosamala mtundu ndi mlingo wa mankhwala oletsa ululu omwe angawafune. Ana angafunikire kusintha kwamankhwala kuti apewe zovuta kapena bongo.

Dipatimenti ya Food and Drug Administration (FDA) idapereka chenjezo lokhudza othandizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popweteka. Izi sizabwino kuti zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa ana osakwana zaka 2. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa osakambirana ndi akatswiri azaumoyo.

Ana ndi akulu omwe ali ndi zosowa zapadera atha kukhala ndi zovuta zina zamankhwala zomwe zimawonjezera ngozi ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu. Mwachitsanzo, ana omwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo anali ndi ziwonetsero zambiri zoyipa zomwe zimachitika panjira yopita ku anesthesia.

Okalamba okalamba

Okalamba omwe ali ndi mavuto azaumoyo angafunike kusintha kwa mankhwala ndi kuwunika mosamala nthawi komanso pambuyo pochita opaleshoni kuti ateteze.

Anthu ena atha kukhala osokonekera kapena osokonezeka komanso mavuto amakumbukidwe atachitidwa opaleshoni.

Mavuto a chiwindi, impso, mapapo, kapena mtima

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwindi, impso, mapapo, kapena mtima angafunike kusintha kwa mankhwala chifukwa mankhwalawa amatha kutenga nthawi kuti achoke m'thupi ndikukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Mavuto ena amitsempha

Ngati pali mbiri ya sitiroko, matenda a Alzheimer's, matenda a Parkinson, matenda a chithokomiro, kapena matenda amisala, pakhoza kukhala chiopsezo chowonjezeka ndi anesthesia wamba.

Zochitika zina

Onetsetsani kuti gulu lanu la mano lidziwe ngati muli ndi nthenda yobereka, asidi Reflux, matenda opatsirana kapena zilonda zotseguka pakamwa, chifuwa, nseru yayikulu ndikusanza ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu, kapena mukumwa mankhwala aliwonse omwe angakupangitseni kugona ngati ma opioid.

Zowopsa ndizokwera kwambiri kwa iwo omwe ali ndi:

• kugona tulo
• matenda olanda
• kunenepa kwambiri
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• mavuto amtima
• ana okhala ndi chidwi kapena zovuta zamakhalidwe
• Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD)
• opaleshoni yodutsa m'mimba
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Kodi kuopsa kwa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi kuli bwanji?

Anthu ambiri samakumana ndi zovuta za anesthesia yakomweko. Pali zoopsa zazikulu ndi sedation ndi anesthesia wamba, makamaka okalamba komanso anthu omwe ali ndi zovuta zina zathanzi.

Palinso chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi mbiri yakusokonekera kwa magazi kapena ndi mankhwala omwe amachulukitsa ngozi yakutuluka magazi ngati aspirin.

Ngati mukumwa mankhwala opweteka monga ma opioid kapena gabapentin, kapena mankhwala a nkhawa monga benzodiazepines, lolani dokotala wanu wamankhwala kapena dokotalayo kuti athe kusintha mankhwala anu oletsa kupweteka.

Zowopsa za anesthesia ndi izi:

• zosavomerezeka. Onetsetsani kuti dokotala wanu wamazinyo adziwe za ziwengo zilizonse zomwe muli nazo; izi zimaphatikizapo utoto kapena zinthu zina. Kuyankha kumatha kukhala kofatsa kapena kovuta ndipo kumaphatikizapo kuthamanga, kuyabwa, kutupa kwa lilime, milomo, pakamwa, kapena pakhosi, komanso kupuma movutikira.
• mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi articaine ndi prilocaine okwana 4% angayambitse mitsempha, yotchedwa paresthesia
• kugwidwa
• chikomokere
• kusiya kupuma
• kulephera kwa mtima
• matenda amtima
• sitiroko
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• matenda oopsa, kuwonjezeka koopsa kwa kutentha kwa thupi, kuuma kwa minofu, mavuto a kupuma, kapena kuwonjezeka kwa mtima

Kutenga

Kuda nkhawa komwe kumakhudzana ndi njira zamazinyo ndizofala koma kumatha kupangitsa chithandizo. Ndikofunika kuti mukambirane nkhawa zanu zonse za njirayi ndi zomwe mukuyembekezera ndi gulu lanu lothandizira mano.

Funsani mafunso za mankhwala omwe agwiritsidwe ntchito komanso zomwe mungayembekezere mukamalandira chithandizo komanso mukalandira chithandizo.

Gawani mbiri yanu yazachipatala, kuphatikiza ziwengo zilizonse ndi mankhwala ena omwe mumamwa. Onetsetsani kuti izi zimaphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mankhwala, ndi zowonjezera.

Funsani za malangizo apadera omwe muyenera kutsatira musanachitike kapena mutatsata ndondomekoyi. Izi zimaphatikizapo chakudya ndi zakumwa musanalandire chithandizo komanso mukalandira chithandizo.

Funsani ngati mukufuna kukonzekera mayendedwe mukatha kuchita izi komanso zina zilizonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa.

Wopereka mano anu adzakupatsani malangizo oti muzitsatira musanachitike. Amaperekanso njira yoti mulumikizane nawo ngati mungakhale ndi zovuta kapena mafunso.