Kodi Ndiyenera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mapiritsi A shuga kapena Insulini?

Zamkati

• Ndi mapiritsi ati omwe amapezeka kuchiza matenda ashuga?
• Zambiri
• Sulfonylureas
• Meglitinides
• Anayankha
• Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) zoletsa
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
• Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) zoletsa
• Kodi insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji pochiza matenda ashuga?
• Jekeseni
• Cholembera
• Jekeseni wama jet
• Woyambitsa insulini kapena doko
• Pampu ya insulini
• Mapiritsi a shuga motsutsana ndi insulin
• Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu

Mu Meyi 2020, adalimbikitsa kuti ena opanga metformin awonjezere kutulutsa ena mwa mapiritsi awo kumsika waku US. Izi ndichifukwa choti mulingo wosavomerezeka wa khansa yotenga khansa (wothandizira khansa) udapezeka m'mapiritsi ena a metformin. Ngati mukumwa mankhwalawa, itanani woyang'anira zaumoyo wanu. Adzakulangizani ngati mupitiliza kumwa mankhwala anu kapena ngati mukufuna mankhwala atsopano.

Matenda ashuga amakhudza momwe thupi lanu limagwiritsira ntchito shuga. Chithandizo chimadalira mtundu wanji wa matenda ashuga omwe uli nawo.

Mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kapamba wanu amasiya kutulutsa insulin - mahomoni omwe amathandiza kuwongolera shuga, kapena shuga, m'magazi anu. Mtundu wa 2 shuga umayamba ndikulimbana ndi insulin. Minyewa yanu siyipanganso insulini yokwanira kapena siyigwiritsa ntchito moyenera.

Selo lililonse m'thupi lanu limagwiritsa ntchito shuga kuti likhale ndi mphamvu. Ngati insulini sikugwira ntchito yake, shuga mumakhala m'magazi anu. Izi zimayambitsa matenda otchedwa hyperglycemia. Magazi otsika amatchedwa hypoglycemia. Zonsezi zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu.

Ndi mapiritsi ati omwe amapezeka kuchiza matenda ashuga?

Mapiritsi osiyanasiyana amatha kuchiza matenda ashuga, koma sangathe kuthandiza aliyense. Zimangogwira ntchito ngati kapamba wanu akupangitsabe insulini, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sangatenge mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga. Mapiritsi sagwira ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri pomwe kapamba amasiya kupanga insulin.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 atha kupindula atagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi insulin. Mankhwala ena ochizira matendawa ndi monga:

Zambiri

Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet, Riomet, Glumetza) ndi biguanide. Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga wopangidwa ndi chiwindi chanu ndipo imathandizira kukhudzidwa kwa insulin. Zingathandizenso kuchepetsa cholesterol ndipo zingakuthandizeni kuchepa pang'ono.

Anthu nthawi zambiri amatenga kawiri patsiku ndi chakudya. Mutha kutenga mtundu womasulidwa kamodzi patsiku.

Zotsatira zoyipa ndizo:

• kukhumudwa m'mimba
• nseru
• kuphulika
• mpweya
• kutsegula m'mimba
• kuchepa kwa njala kwakanthawi

Zingayambitsenso lactic acidosis, yomwe ndi yosowa koma yoopsa.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi nkhawa za zovuta zilizonse zomwe mungalandire mankhwala ashuga.

Sulfonylureas

Sulfonylureas ndi mankhwala othamanga kwambiri omwe amathandiza kuti kapamba atulutse insulini mukatha kudya. Zikuphatikizapo:

• glimepiride (Amaryl)
• glyburide (Diabeta, Glynase PresTabs)
• glipizide (Glucotrol)

Anthu nthawi zambiri amatenga mankhwalawa kamodzi patsiku ndi chakudya.

Zotsatira zoyipa ndizo:

• nseru
• kutsegula m'mimba
• mutu
• chizungulire
• kupsa mtima
• shuga wotsika magazi
• kukhumudwa m'mimba
• zotupa pakhungu
• kunenepa

Meglitinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) ndi Nateglinide (Starlix) ndi meglitinides. Meglitinides amalimbitsa mwachangu kapamba kuti amasule insulini atadya. Nthawi zonse muyenera kumwa repaglinide ndi chakudya.

Zotsatira zoyipa ndizo:

• shuga wotsika magazi
• nseru
• kusanza
• mutu
• kunenepa

Anayankha

Rosiglitazone (Avandia) ndi pioglitazone (Actos) ndi thiazolidinediones. Kutengedwa nthawi yofananira tsiku lililonse, kumapangitsa thupi lanu kumvetsetsa insulin. Ikhozanso kuwonjezera cholesterol yanu ya HDL (yabwino).

Zotsatira zoyipa ndizo:

• mutu
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• chikhure
• posungira madzimadzi
• kutupa
• zophulika

Mankhwalawa amathandizanso kuti mukhale ndi vuto la mtima kapena mtima, makamaka ngati muli pachiwopsezo.

Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) zoletsa

DPP-4 inhibitors amathandiza kukhazikika kwa insulin ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose komwe thupi lanu limapanga. Anthu amawatenga kamodzi patsiku.

Zikuphatikizapo:

• linagliptin (Chikhalidwe)
• saxagliptin (Onglyza)
• sitagliptin (Januvia)
• alogliptin (Nesina)

Zotsatira zoyipa ndizo:

• chikhure
• mphuno yodzaza
• mutu
• matenda opatsirana apamwamba
• kukhumudwa m'mimba
• kutsegula m'mimba

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Acarbose (Precose) ndi miglitol (Glyset) ndi alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Amachedwetsa kuwonongeka kwa chakudya m'magazi. Anthu amawatenga kumayambiriro kwa chakudya.

Zotsatira zoyipa ndizo:

• kukhumudwa m'mimba
• mpweya
• kutsegula m'mimba
• kupweteka m'mimba

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) zoletsa

SGLT2 inhibitors amagwira ntchito poletsa impso kuti zisabwezeretsenso shuga. Angathandizenso kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikukuthandizani kuti muchepetse kunenepa.

Ena mwa mankhwalawa amaphatikizidwa kukhala piritsi limodzi.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• canagliflozin (Invokana)
• dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
• empagliflozin (Jardiance)
• Ndivhuwo (Ndivhuwo)

Zotsatira zoyipa zingaphatikizepo:

• matenda opatsirana mumkodzo
• matenda a yisiti
• ludzu
• mutu
• chikhure

Kodi insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji pochiza matenda ashuga?

Muyenera insulin kuti mukhale ndi moyo. Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, muyenera kumwa insulini tsiku lililonse. Muyeneranso kumwa ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndipo thupi lanu silimatulutsa zokwanira palokha.

Insulini yofulumira kapena yotenga nthawi yayitali imapezeka. Zikuwoneka kuti mudzafunika mitundu yonse iwiri kuti muzisunga magazi anu m'magazi.

Mutha kutenga insulini m'njira zingapo:

Jekeseni

Mutha kutenga jakisoni pogwiritsa ntchito singano yofanana ndi jakisoni potsegula insulin mu syringe. Kenako, mumayibaya pansi pa khungu lanu, ndikusinthasintha tsambalo nthawi iliyonse.

Cholembera

Zolembera zama insulin ndizosavuta kuposa singano yanthawi zonse. Amakhala okonzeka komanso osapweteka kwambiri kuposa singano yanthawi zonse.

Jekeseni wama jet

Puloteni ya insulin imawoneka ngati cholembera. Imatumiza kutsitsi la insulin pakhungu lanu pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wothamanga m'malo mwa singano.

Woyambitsa insulini kapena doko

Insulini yolowetsa kapena doko ndi chubu chaching'ono chomwe mumayika pansi pa khungu lanu, cholumikizidwa ndi zomata kapena zokutira, pomwe chitha kukhala masiku ochepa. Ndi njira ina yabwino ngati mukufuna kupewa singano. Mumalowetsa insulin mu chubu m'malo molunjika khungu lanu.

Pampu ya insulini

Pampu ya insulini ndi chida chaching'ono, chopepuka chomwe mumavala lamba wanu kapena chomwe mumanyamula m'thumba lanu. Insulini mumtsuko imalowa mthupi lanu kudzera mu singano yaying'ono pansi pa khungu lanu. Mutha kuyikonza kuti ipereke insulini kapena mlingo wokhazikika tsiku lonse.

Mapiritsi a shuga motsutsana ndi insulin

Kawirikawiri si vuto la mapiritsi kapena insulini. Dokotala wanu akupatsani malingaliro kutengera mtundu wa matenda ashuga omwe muli nawo, mutakhala nawo nthawi yayitali bwanji, komanso kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe mumapanga mwachilengedwe.

Mapiritsi amatha kukhala osavuta kumwa kuposa insulin, koma mtundu uliwonse umabwera ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Zingatenge kuyesa pang'ono kuti mupeze zomwe zikukuyenderani bwino. Mapiritsi amatha kusiya kugwira ntchito ngakhale atakhala kuti akhala akugwira ntchito kwakanthawi.

Mukayamba ndi mapiritsi okha ndipo matenda anu ashuga amayamba kukulirakulira, mungafunikirenso kugwiritsa ntchito insulini.

Insulini imakhalanso ndi zoopsa. Kuchuluka kapena zochepa kwambiri kungayambitse mavuto aakulu. Muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungayang'anire matenda anu ashuga ndikusintha momwe mungafunikire.

Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu

Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1 kapena ngati muyenera kumwa insulini, mukudziwa kale kuti muyenera kuwunika magazi anu mosamala ndikusintha insulin moyenera.

Funsani dokotala wanu za njira zosiyanasiyana zoperekera insulini ndipo onetsetsani kuti mwamufotokozera dokotala wanu ziphuphu, zotupa, ndi zotupa pakhungu lanu.

Ngati dokotala akukulemberani mapiritsi, nayi mafunso angapo omwe mungafune kufunsa:

• Kodi cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndi chiyani?
• Kodi ndiyenera kusunga motani?
• Ndizitenga bwanji?
• Kodi zotsatirapo zake zingakhale zotani ndipo mungachite chiyani za iwo?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuyang'anira kangati kuchuluka kwa shuga wanga?
• Ndingadziwe bwanji ngati mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito?

Mankhwalawa amayenera kukhala gawo la dongosolo lamankhwala lomwe limaphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kusankha mosamala pazakudya.