Zomwe Zimayambitsa Zovuta Kumeza?

Zamkati

• Nchiyani chimayambitsa vuto lakumeza?
• Mitundu ya dysphagia
• Chiwombankhanga
• Kutsegula m'mimba
• Kuzindikira dysphagia
• Kodi kumeza zovuta kumapezeka bwanji?
• X-ray ya Barium
• Endoscopy
• Manometry
• Kuthetsa vuto lakumeza

Kuvuta kumeza ndiko kulephera kumeza zakudya kapena zakumwa mosavuta. Anthu omwe amavutika kumeza amatha kutsamwa ndi chakudya kapena madzi akamafuna kumeza. Dysphagia ndi dzina lina lachipatala lovuta kumeza. Chizindikiro ichi sichimangokhala chisonyezo chazachipatala. M'malo mwake, vutoli limakhala lanthawi yochepa ndipo limatha lokha.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa vuto lakumeza?

Malinga ndi National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, pali mitundu 50 ya minyewa ndi mitsempha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukuthandizani kumeza. Mwanjira ina, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zitha kusokonekera ndikubweretsa zovuta kumeza. Zina mwazinthu monga:

• Acid reflux ndi GERD: Zizindikiro zamadzimadzi zimachitika pamene m'mimba mumatuluka m'mimba kubwerera m'mimba, ndikupangitsa zizindikilo monga kutentha kwa mtima, kupweteka m'mimba, ndi kubowola. Dziwani zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, komanso chithandizo cha acid reflux ndi GERD.
• Kutentha pa chifuwa: Kutentha pa chifuwa ndikutentha m'chifuwa kwanu komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri ndikumva kuwawa pakhosi kapena pakamwa panu. Pezani momwe mungazindikire, chithandizo, ndi kupewa kutentha pa chifuwa.
• Epiglottitis: Epiglottitis imadziwika ndi minofu yotupa mu epiglottis yanu. Ndichikhalidwe chowopseza moyo. Dziwani yemwe amachipeza, chifukwa, komanso momwe amathandizidwira. Vutoli limawerengedwa kuti ndi vuto lachipatala. Kusamalira mwachangu kungafunike.
• Chifupa: Chithokomiro chanu ndi England yomwe imapezeka m'khosi mwanu pansi pa apulo a Adam. Chikhalidwe chomwe chimakulitsa kukula kwa chithokomiro chanu chimatchedwa goiter. Werengani zambiri za zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
• Kutsegula m'mimba: Esophagitis ndikutupa kwam'mero ​​komwe kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi acid reflux kapena mankhwala ena. Dziwani zambiri za mitundu ya esophagitis ndi mankhwala awo.
• Khansa ya Esophageal: Khansa ya Esophageal imachitika pakakhala chotupa chowopsa (khansa) m'mbali mwa mimbayo, chomwe chingayambitse mavuto kumeza. Werengani zambiri za khansa ya m'mimba, zomwe zimayambitsa, kuzindikira, ndi chithandizo.
• Khansa yam'mimba (gastric adenocarcinoma): Khansa yam'mimba imachitika m'maselo a khansa m'mimba. Chifukwa ndi zovuta kuzizindikira, nthawi zambiri sizipezeka mpaka zitadutsa kwambiri. Phunzirani za zizindikiritso, matenda, chithandizo, komanso malingaliro a khansa yam'mimba.
• Matenda a Herpes esophagitis: Herpes esophagitis imayambitsidwa ndi herpes simplex virus mtundu 1 (HSV-1).Matendawa amatha kupweteka pachifuwa komanso kuvutika kumeza. Phunzirani zambiri za momwe herpes esophagitis imadziwira ndi kuchiritsidwa.
• Matenda a herpes simplex labialis: Matenda a herpes simplex labialis, omwe amadziwikanso kuti pakamwa kapena orolabial herpes, ndi matenda am'kamwa omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka herpes simplex. Werengani za zizindikilo, chithandizo, komanso kupewa matendawa.
• Chithokomiro nodule: Nthenda ya chithokomiro ndi chotupa chomwe chimatha kukhala ndi vuto lanu la chithokomiro. Itha kukhala yolimba kapena yodzaza ndimadzimadzi. Mutha kukhala ndi nodule imodzi kapena gulu limodzi lamagama. Dziwani zomwe zimayambitsa mitsempha ya chithokomiro ndi momwe amathandizidwira.
• Matenda opatsirana mononucleosis: Matenda opatsirana mononucleosis, kapena mono, amatanthauza gulu lazizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Epstein-Barr (EBV). Dziwani zambiri za zithandizo ndi chithandizo cha matenda opatsirana a mononucleosis.
• Njoka ikuluma: Kuluma kwa njoka yapoizoni nthawi zonse kuyenera kuchitidwa ngati zachipatala. Ngakhale kulumidwa ndi njoka yosavulaza kumatha kuyambitsa matenda kapena matenda. Werengani zambiri za zomwe mungachite mukaluma njoka.

Mitundu ya dysphagia

Kumeza kumachitika m'magawo anayi: kukonzekera pakamwa, pakamwa, pharyngeal, ndi esophageal. Vuto lakumeza limatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: oropharyngeal (yomwe imaphatikizapo magawo atatu oyamba) ndi esophageal.

Chiwombankhanga

Oropharyngeal dysphagia imayambitsidwa ndi zovuta zamitsempha ndi minofu pakhosi. Matendawa amachepetsa minofu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti munthu azimeze osaphinana kapena kuphwanyaphwanya. Zomwe zimayambitsa oropharyngeal dysphagia ndi zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mitsempha monga:

• matenda ofoola ziwalo
• Matenda a Parkinson
• kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kuchokera ku opaleshoni kapena mankhwala a radiation
• matenda a polio

Oropharyngeal dysphagia amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi khansa ya m'matumbo ndi khansa yamutu kapena khosi. Zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi zotchinga zapakhosi, pharynx, kapena zikwama zamatumba zomwe zimasonkhanitsa chakudya.

Kutsegula m'mimba

Esophageal dysphagia ndikumverera kuti china chake chakhazikika pakhosi panu. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha:

• spasms m'munsi mwake, monga kufalikira kwa spasms kapena kulephera kwa esophageal sphincter kupumula
• zolimba m'munsi mwake chifukwa chakucheperachepera kwa mphete yamphongo
• kuchepa kwa kholingo kuchokera kumatenda kapena mabala
• matupi akunja omwe amakhala mummero kapena pakhosi
• kutupa kapena kufupika kwa khosolo chifukwa chotupa kapena GERD
• minofu yofiira pammero chifukwa cha kutupa kosatha kapena mankhwala a radiation

Kuzindikira dysphagia

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala ndi dysphagia, pali zizindikilo zina zomwe zimatha kupezeka komanso zovuta kumeza.

Zikuphatikizapo:

• kutsitsa
• mawu okweza
• kumva kuti china chake chakhazikika pakhosi
• kubwezeretsanso
• kuwonda mosayembekezereka
• kutentha pa chifuwa
• kutsokomola kapena kutsamwa ukameza
• ululu mukameza

• kuvuta kutafuna zakudya zolimba

Izi zimatha kupangitsa kuti munthu asamadye, asadye chakudya, kapena asakhale ndi chilakolako chofuna kudya.

Ana omwe amavutika kumeza akamadya akhoza:

• kukana kudya zakudya zina
• ali ndi chakudya kapena madzi otuluka pakamwa pawo
• bwerezerani pakudya
• mumavutika kupuma mukamadya
• kuonda osayesa

Kodi kumeza zovuta kumapezeka bwanji?

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za matenda anu komanso nthawi yomwe adayamba. Dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anirani ndikuyang'ana mkamwa mwanu kuti muwone zovuta kapena zotupa.

Mayeso apadera kwambiri angafunike kuti mupeze chomwe chimayambitsa.

X-ray ya Barium

X-ray ya barium imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana mkatikati mwa mimbayo ngati muli ndi zovuta kapena zotchinga. Mukamayesa kafukufukuyu, mumeza madzi kapena mapiritsi okhala ndi utoto womwe umapezeka pa X-ray m'mimba. Dotolo ayang'ana chithunzi cha X-ray mukamameza madzi kapena mapiritsi kuti muwone momwe kholalo limagwirira ntchito. Izi zithandizira kuzindikira zofooka zilizonse kapena zovuta zina.

Kuwunika kwa videofluorscopic kumeza ndi kafukufuku wa radiologic yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito X-ray yotchedwa fluoroscopy. Kuyesaku kumachitidwa ndi wolankhula chilankhulo cholankhula. Ikuwonetsa gawo lakumlomo, pharyngeal, ndi esophageal la kumeza. Mukamayesa kafukufukuyu, mudzagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu monga purees mpaka zolimba komanso madzi owonda komanso owonda. Izi zithandizira adotolo kuzindikira kulowetsedwa kwa chakudya ndi madzi mu trachea. Atha kugwiritsa ntchito mfundoyi kuti apeze kufooka kwa minofu ndi kukanika kwake.

Endoscopy

Endoscopy itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana madera onse am'mero ​​mwanu. Pakuwunika uku, adokotala adzaika chubu chofewa kwambiri chokhala ndi cholumikizira kamera mummero mwanu. Izi zimapangitsa dokotala kuti awone tsatanetsatane.

Manometry

Manometry ndi mayeso ena owopsa omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'ana mkati mwa khosi lanu. Makamaka, kuyesaku kumayang'ana kupsinjika kwa minofu yapakhosi panu mukameza. Adokotala amalowetsa chubu mummero mwanu kuti mupimitse kupsinjika kwa minofu yanu ikamagwirizana.

Kuthetsa vuto lakumeza

Mavuto ena omeza sangathe kupewedwa ndipo chithandizo cha dysphagia ndichofunikira. Katswiri wolankhula chilankhulo adzayesa kumeza kuti adziwe vuto lanu la dysphagia. Kafukufukuyu akamalizidwa, wodwalayo angalimbikitse:

• kusinthidwa kwa zakudya
• Zochita kumeza zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa minofu
• njira zobwezeretsa kumeza
• zosintha zomwe muyenera kutsatira mukamadya

Komabe, ngati mavuto akumeza akupitilira, atha kubweretsa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi, makamaka kwa achinyamata komanso achikulire. Matenda opumira pafupipafupi ndi chibayo cha aspiration nawonso mwina. Zovuta zonsezi ndizowopsa ndipo zimawopseza moyo ndipo ziyenera kuthandizidwa motsimikiza.

Ngati vuto lanu lakumeza limayambitsidwa ndi khosi lolimba, njira yotchedwa esophageal dilation itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa chotupa. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, kabuluni yaying'ono imayikidwa mu kholingo kuti ifutukule. Buluniyo imachotsedwa.

Ngati pali zotupa zina zilizonse pam'mero, kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti muchotse. Opaleshoni itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchotsa minofu yofiira.

Ngati muli ndi asidi Reflux kapena zilonda, mutha kupatsidwa mankhwala akuchipatala kuti muwachiritse ndikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira zakudya za reflux.

Zikakhala zovuta kwambiri, mutha kulowetsedwa kuchipatala ndikupatsani chakudya kudzera mu chubu chodyetsera. Tepu yapaderayi imalowa m'mimba ndikudutsa pammero. Zakudya zosinthidwa zingakhale zofunikira mpaka vuto lakumeza likhale bwino. Izi zimapewa kutaya madzi m'thupi komanso kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi.