Dystonia: chimene icho chiri, zizindikiro zazikulu ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu za dystonia
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• 1. Majekeseni a Botox
• 2. Zithandizo za dystonia
• 3. Physiotherapy ya dystonia
• 4. Opaleshoni ya dystonia

Dystonia imadziwika ndi kutsekeka kwaminyewa yodzitchinjiriza komanso kupuma kosalamulirika, komwe kumangobwerezabwereza ndipo kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zachilendo, zachilendo komanso zopweteka.

Nthawi zambiri, dystonia yamisala imabuka chifukwa chamavuto am'minyewa, yomwe imayang'anira kusuntha kwa minofu. Vutoli muubongo limatha kukhala lobadwa kapena kutuluka chifukwa cha matenda kapena kuvulala monga sitiroko, matenda a Parkinson, opumira pamutu kapena encephalitis.

Dystonia ilibe mankhwala, koma kutuluka kwa minofu kumatha kuyang'aniridwa ndi chithandizo, chomwe chingachitike ndi jakisoni wa poizoni wa botulinum, wotchedwa botox, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, physiotherapy kapena opaleshoni.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za dystonia

Zizindikiro zimasiyana malinga ndi madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi mtundu wa dystonia:

• Dystonia yofunika: imakhudza gawo limodzi lokha la thupi, ndikupangitsa kugundana ndikudzipweteka m'minyewa yomwe yakhudzidwa. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi khomo lachiberekero la dystonia, lomwe limakhudza khosi, limayambitsa zizindikilo monga kukhotetsa khosi patsogolo, kumbuyo kapena chammbali, ndikumva kuwawa ndi kuuma;
• Gawo dystonia: imakhudza madera awiri kapena kupitilira apo omwe amalumikizidwa, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi oromandibular dystonia, yomwe imakhudza minofu ya nkhope, lilime ndi nsagwada, ndipo imatha kupangitsa kusokonekera kwa nkhope ndi kutsegula pakamwa kapena kutseka mwadzidzidzi;
• Multifocal dystonia: zimakhudza zigawo ziwiri kapena zingapo za thupi, zomwe sizimalumikizana, monga mkono wamanzere ndi mwendo wakumanzere, mwachitsanzo, kuchititsa kuti minyewa ya mnofu igwirizane ndi gulu lomwe lakhudzidwa;
• Dystonia yodziwika: imakhudza thunthu komanso magawo ena awiri amthupi. Nthawi zambiri zimayamba muubwana kapena paunyamata ndipo zimayamba ndikumangika kosagwira mwendo umodzi mwamiyendo, womwe umafalikira mbali zina za thupi;

Kuphatikiza apo, munthuyo amathanso kukhala ndi hemidystonia, momwe mbali yonse ya thupi imakhudzidwira, ndikupangitsa kupuma kosafunikira komanso kuuma kwa minofu mbali yonse ya thupi.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha dystonia chili ndi cholinga chachikulu chowongolera kutsekeka kwaminyewa yopanda tanthauzo, chifukwa chake, kukonza mawonekedwe ndi moyo wamunthu.

Chithandizo cha mankhwala chikuyenera kuchitidwa ndi dokotala, malinga ndi kuuma kwake ndi mtundu wa dystonia:

1. Majekeseni a Botox

Dystonia imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi jakisoni wa poizoni wa botulinum, wotchedwa botox, chifukwa mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchepetsa kupindika kwa mitsempha yodziwika bwino ya matendawa.

Majakisoni a Botox amaperekedwa ndi adokotala molunjika ku minofu yomwe yakhudzidwa, nthawi zambiri miyezi itatu iliyonse ndipo sizachilendo kumva kuwawa pamalo obayira masiku angapo. Kuphatikiza apo, jakisoni wa botox amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina, kutengera malo opangira jekeseni, monga kuvuta kumeza, ngati matenda a khomo lachiberekero, mwachitsanzo.

2. Zithandizo za dystonia

Mankhwala a dystonia atha kuphatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa:

• Levodopa ndi Carbidopa: amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ma spasms osachita kufuna;
• Tetrabenazine: asonyezedwa pochiza matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kusakhazikika kosasunthika;
• Triexiphenidyl: mankhwala a anticholinergic, omwe amachita poletsa kutulutsa kwa acetylcholine, yomwe imayambitsa kuphipha kwa minofu;
• Baclofen: amachepetsa kuuma kwa minofu ndikumasula minofu;
• Diazepam ndi lorazepam: zopumulitsira minofu, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kupumula kwa minofu.

Mankhwalawa ayenera kuperekedwa ndi dokotala, ndipo kuchuluka kwake ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zingasiyane malinga ndi kuuma kwa dystonia.

3. Physiotherapy ya dystonia

Chithandizo cha physiotherapeutic cha dystonia chimakhala ndi machitidwe kapena maluso ena othandiza kusunthira kwathunthu, kukonza mayimidwe, kuchepetsa ululu, kupewa kufupikitsa kapena kufooketsa minofu yomwe yakhudzidwa, komanso kukonza moyo wa wodwalayo.

Kuphatikiza apo, physiotherapy imathandizira kupewa mgwirizano waminyewa ndikuchepetsa zovuta zamankhwala a botox, pochepetsa kupweteka kapena kulimbikitsa kumeza, mwachitsanzo, komwe kumatha kusokonekera ndi botox.

4. Opaleshoni ya dystonia

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni cha dystonia chitha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri:

• Kulimbikitsana kwa ubongo: imakhala ndi maelekitirodi obzala mkati mwaubongo omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono, kofanana ndi pacemaker, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala pamimba ndipo imatumiza zikoka zamagetsi kuubongo, ndikuthandizira kuwongolera kufinya kwa minofu;
• Kusankha kwazowonjezera: Zimakhala ndi kudula mathero omwe amayambitsa kupindika kwa minofu.

Zosankhazi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pokhapokha mankhwala enawa atakhala osagwira ntchito.