Duchenne muscular dystrophy: chomwe chiri, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• 1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
• 2. Physiotherapy magawo
• Kodi chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi chiyani?
• Zovuta zambiri
• Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtunduwu

Duchenne muscular dystrophy ndimatenda achilendo omwe amakhudza amuna okhaokha ndipo amadziwika ndi kusowa kwa mapuloteni m'minyewa, yotchedwa dystrophin, yomwe imathandizira kuti maselo amtundu wathanzi akhale athanzi. Chifukwa chake, matendawa amachititsa kufooka pang'onopang'ono kwa minyewa yonse ya thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mwana akwaniritse zofunikira zazikulu pakukula, monga kukhala, kuyimirira kapena kuyenda.

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amangodziwika pambuyo pa zaka 3 kapena 4 zakubadwa pomwe mwana amasintha mayendedwe, kuthamanga, kukwera masitepe kapena kukwera pansi, popeza madera omwe amakhudzidwa koyamba ndi chiuno, ntchafu ndi mapewa. Ndikukula, matendawa amakhudza minofu yambiri ndipo ana ambiri amatha kudalira chikuku ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 13.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy ilibe mankhwala, koma chithandizo chake chimathandizira kuchedwetsa kukula kwa matendawa, kuwongolera zizindikiro ndikupewa kuyambika kwa zovuta, makamaka pamatenda amtima komanso kupuma. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulandira chithandizo ndi dokotala wa ana kapena dokotala wina yemwe amakhazikika pa matendawa.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro zazikulu za Duchenne muscular dystrophy nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuyambira mchaka choyamba cha moyo mpaka zaka 6, zikumakulirakulira pazaka, mpaka, azaka pafupifupi 13, mnyamatayo amadalira wheelchair.

Zina mwazizindikiro ndi izi:

• Kuchedwa kukhala, kuyimirira kapena kuyenda;
• Kudzandima kapena kuvutika kukwera masitepe kapena kuthamanga;
• Kuchulukitsa voliyumu yamphongo, chifukwa chobwezeretsa maselo amtundu wamafuta ndi mafuta;
• Zovuta kusuntha malo anu, makamaka kupindika miyendo.

Kuyambira paunyamata, zovuta zoyambirira zovuta zamatenda zimatha kuwonekera, ndiko, kupuma movutikira chifukwa chofookoka kwa chotupa ndi minofu ina yopuma, komanso mavuto amtima, chifukwa chofooka kwa mtima waminyewa.

Zovuta zikayamba kuwonekera, adotolo amatha kusintha mankhwalawo kuti aphatikizire chithandizo chazovuta ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Milandu yovuta kwambiri, kuchipatala kungakhale kofunikira.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Nthawi zambiri, dokotala wa ana amakayikira Duchenne muscular dystrophy pongowunika zizindikilo zomwe zimaperekedwa pakukula.Komabe, amathanso kupangidwa kuchokera m'magazi kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa michere ina, monga creatine phosphokinase (CPK), yomwe imatulutsidwa m'magazi pakakhala kusokonezeka kwa minofu.

Palinso mayesero amtundu, omwe amathandiza kuti apeze chidziwitso chokwanira, komanso omwe amayang'ana kusintha kwa majini omwe amachititsa matendawa.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Ngakhale Duchenne muscular dystrophy ilibe mankhwala, pali mankhwala omwe amathandizira kuti asafike pang'onopang'ono komanso omwe amalola kuwongolera zizindikilo, komanso kuwonetsa zovuta. Zina mwa mankhwalawa ndi awa:

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo cha Duchenne muscular dystrophy chimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a corticosteroid monga prednisone, prednisolone kapena deflazacort. Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamoyo wawo wonse, ndikukhala ndi machitidwe owongolera chitetezo cha mthupi, kukhala odana ndi zotupa ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa minofu.
Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ma corticosteroids nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa zovuta zingapo monga kuchuluka kwa njala, kunenepa, kunenepa kwambiri, kusungunuka kwamadzimadzi, kufooka kwa mafupa, kutalika pang'ono, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda ashuga, ndipo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi adotolo. Onani zambiri zama corticosteroids komanso momwe zimakhudzira thanzi.

2. Physiotherapy magawo

Mitundu ya physiotherapy yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira Duchenne muscular dystrophy ndi mota komanso kupuma kwa kinesiotherapy ndi hydrotherapy, yomwe cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kuyenda, kukhalabe ndi mphamvu zaminyewa, kuchepetsa ululu komanso kupewa kupuma kwamatenda komanso kuphwanya kwa mafupa.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi chiyani?

Kutalika kwa moyo kwa Duchenne muscular dystrophy kunali pakati pa 16 ndi 19 wazaka, komabe, ndikupita patsogolo kwa zamankhwala komanso kupezeka kwa mankhwala ndi chisamaliro chatsopano, chiyembekezo ichi chawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, munthu yemwe amalandira chithandizo chovomerezeka ndi dokotala atha kukhala ndi zaka zopitilira 30 ndikukhala moyo wabwinobwino, pomwe amuna amakhala ndi zaka zopitilira 50 ali ndi matendawa.

Zovuta zambiri

Zovuta zazikulu zoyambitsidwa ndi Duchenne muscular dystrophy ndi izi:

• Scoliosis;
• Kupuma kovuta;
• Chibayo;
• Kulephera kwamtima;
• Kunenepa kwambiri kapena kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa amatha kuchepa m'maganizo, koma khalidweli silimalumikizidwa ndi kutalika kapena kukula kwa matendawa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtunduwu

Monga matenda amtundu, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy imachitika pakachitika kusintha kwa majini omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lipange protein ya dystrophin, jini ya DMD. Puloteni iyi ndiyofunika kwambiri chifukwa imathandizira ma cell a mnofu kukhala athanzi pakapita nthawi, kuwateteza ku zovulala zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kupindika kwa minyewa komanso kupumula.

Chifukwa chake, jini ya DMD ikasinthidwa, sipakhala mapuloteni okwanira ndipo minofu imatha kufooka ndikuvulala pakapita nthawi. Puloteni iyi ndiyofunikira paminyewa yomwe imayendetsa mayendedwe ake, komanso minofu yamtima.