Matenda a Chagas: zizindikiro, kuzungulira, kufalikira ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Matenda a Chagas
• Mayendedwe amoyo
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Zofufuza zapita patsogolo

Matenda a Chagas, omwe amadziwikanso kuti American trypanosomiasis, ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera ndi tizilomboto Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timakhala ndi tizilombo tomwe timakhala tomwe timameta komanso kuti, pakuluma kwa munthuyo, amatulutsa kapena kukodza, kumasula tizilomboto. Pambuyo pakuluma, zomwe munthu amachita zimangoyang'ana pamalopo, komabe izi zimalola T. cruzi mu thupi ndi chitukuko cha matenda.

Matenda ndi Trypanosoma cruzi itha kubweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana pamoyo wamunthu, monga matenda amtima komanso zovuta zam'magazi, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chakukula kwa matendawa.

Ometera amakhala ndi chizolowezi chamasana ndipo amadyera mwazi wokhawo wa nyama zouluka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timapezeka m'makonde a nyumba zamatabwa, mabedi, matiresi, madontho, zisa za mbalame, mitengo ikuluikulu yamitengo, pakati pa malo ena, ndipo imakonda malo oyandikira chakudya chake.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Matenda a Chagas amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu, gawo loyipa komanso lanthawi yayitali. Mchigawo chovuta nthawi zambiri sipakhala zisonyezo, chimafanana ndi nthawi yomwe tiziromboti timachulukirachulukira ndikufalikira kudzera m'magazi kudzera mthupi. Komabe, mwa anthu ena, makamaka ana chifukwa cha chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, zizindikilo zina zitha kuzindikirika, zazikulu ndizo:

• Chizindikiro cha Romaña, chomwe ndikutupa kwa zikope, kuwonetsa kuti tiziromboti talowa mthupi;
• Chagoma, yomwe imafanana ndi kutupa kwa tsamba la khungu ndikuwonetsa kulowa kwa T. cruzi m'thupi;
• Malungo;
• Malaise;
• Kuchuluka mwanabele;
• Mutu;
• Nseru ndi kusanza;
• Kutsekula m'mimba.

Matenda osachiritsika a Chagas amafanana ndi kukula kwa tiziromboti m'matumba, makamaka pamtima ndi m'mimba, ndipo sizingayambitse matendawa kwazaka zambiri. Zikawoneka, zizindikilozo zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo pakhoza kukhala mtima wokulitsidwa, wotchedwa hypermegaly, mtima kulephera, megacolon ndi megaesophagus, mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza kuthekera kwa chiwindi chokulitsa ndi ndulu.

Zizindikiro za matenda a Chagas nthawi zambiri zimawoneka pakati pa masiku 7 ndi 14 patadutsa kachilomboka, komabe pamene kachilomboka kamapezeka chifukwa chodya zakudya zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka, zizindikirazo zimatha kuoneka patadutsa masiku atatu kapena 22 chitadutsa.

Kupezeka kwa matenda a Chagas kumapangidwa ndi dokotala potengera gawo la matenda, zambiri zamankhwala, monga malo omwe amakhala kapena kuchezerako komanso kudya, ndikuwonetsa zizindikilo. Matendawa opangidwa ndi labotale amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimaloleza kuzindikiritsa T. cruzi m'magazi, ngati dontho lakuda ndi magazi opaka ndi a Giemsa.

Matenda a Chagas

Matenda a Chagas amayamba chifukwa cha tiziromboti Trypanosoma cruzi, amene khamu lake limakhala wometa tizilombo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, tikangodya magazi, timakhala ndi chizolowezi chodzichitira tokha ndi kukodza nthawi yomweyo, kumasula tiziromboti, ndipo munthuyo akamayabwa, kachilomboka kamatha kulowa mthupi ndikufika m'magazi, ndiwo mtundu waukulu wa kufalitsa matenda.

Njira ina yofalitsira ndi kudya chakudya chodetsedwa ndi wometera kapena ndowe zake, monga msuzi wa nzimbe kapena açaí. Matendawa amathanso kufalikira kudzera mu kuthiridwa magazi owonongeka, kapena kubadwa nako, ndiko kuti, kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana nthawi yapakati kapena yobereka.

O Rhodnius prolixus ndi kachilombo koopsa ka matendawa, makamaka m'malo oyandikira nkhalango yamvula ya Amazon.

Mayendedwe amoyo

Kutalika kwa moyo wa Trypanosoma cruziUmayamba pamene tizilomboto timalowa m'magazi a munthuyo ndikulowa m'maselo, ndikusandulika, komwe ndi gawo lakukula ndi kuchulukitsa kwa tiziromboti. Amastigotes amatha kupitilirabe kulowa m'maselo ndikuchulukirachulukira, koma amathanso kusandulika kukhala ma trypomastigotes, kuwononga maselo ndikufalikira m'magazi.

Kuzungulira kwatsopano kumatha kuyamba pamene wometayo aluma munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndikupeza tizilomboto. Ma trypomastigotes omwe amameta ometa amasintha kukhala ma epimastigotes, amachulukitsa ndikubwerera kuti akhale ma trypomastigotes, omwe amatulutsidwa mu ndowe za kachiromboka.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha matenda a Chagas chitha kuchitika koyambirira pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, omwe amatha kuchiza matendawa kapena kupewa mavuto ake pomwe tiziromboti tikadali m'magazi ake.

Koma anthu ena sachiza matendawa, chifukwa tizilomboto timachoka m'magazi ndikuyamba kukhala m'minyewa yomwe imapanga ziwalozo ndipo pachifukwa chimenecho, imayamba kuwukira kwanthawi yayitali makamaka mtima ndi dongosolo lamanjenje pang'onopang'ono koma mosalekeza . Dziwani zambiri zamankhwala amtundu wa Chagas.

Zofufuza zapita patsogolo

Kafukufuku waposachedwa, zidapezeka kuti mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi malungo amakhala ndi zovuta pa Trypanosoma cruzi, kuteteza tizilomboti kuti tisatuluke m'thupi mwa wometayo komanso kuipitsa anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, zidatsimikiziridwa kuti mazira azimayi ometa omwe ali ndi kachilombo sanadetsedwe ndi T. cruzi ndikuti adayamba kuikira mazira ochepa.

Ngakhale zili ndi zotsatirapo zabwino, mankhwalawa sanawonetsedwe pochiza matenda a Chagas, chifukwa kuti athandize, pamafunika mayeza akulu kwambiri, omwe ndi owopsa kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, ofufuza akuyang'ana mankhwala omwe ali ndi njira yofananira kapena yofananira komanso kuti magawo omwe alibe poizoni m'thupi ali ndi zotsatira zofananira.