Matenda a Crohn: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro, zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Zomwe zingayambitse
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• 1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
• 2. Chakudya chokwanira
• 3. Opaleshoni
• Zovuta zotheka

Matenda a Crohn ndi matenda am'mimba, omwe amachititsa kutupa kwamatumbo kosatha ndipo amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi majini kapena kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo chamthupi, mwachitsanzo.

Matendawa amatha kuyambitsa zipsinjo monga kupsa m'mimba, kutuluka magazi, kumva zakudya zina, kutsegula m'mimba kapena kupweteka m'mimba, zomwe zimatha kutenga miyezi mpaka zaka kuti ziwonekere. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zambiri ndimatenda omwe ndi ovuta kuwazindikira.

Matenda a Crohn alibe mankhwala, komabe, chithandizocho chimalola kuthetsa zipsinjo ndikulimbikitsa moyo wabwino, ndipo ziyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi malangizo a katswiri wazakudya komanso / kapena gastroenterologist.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro zomwe zimadziwika ndi matenda a Crohn ndi izi:

• Kutsekula m'mimba pafupipafupi;
• Kupweteka m'mimba;
• Kukhalapo kwa magazi mu chopondapo;
• Kutopa kwambiri;
• Kutaya njala ndi kunenepa.

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ena amathanso kukhala ndi zisonyezo zina zomwe sizikuwoneka kuti zikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi kutupa kwa m'matumbo, monga kupindika pafupipafupi, mafupa opweteka, thukuta usiku kapena kusintha kwa khungu, mwachitsanzo.

Nazi njira zodziwira zazikuluzikulu za matenda a Crohn.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Palibe mayeso kapena mayeso omwe angatsimikizire kuti matenda a Crohn amapezeka, chifukwa si zachilendo kuti kuwunika kuyambe ndi gastroenterologist malingana ndi zomwe zawonetsedwa.

Kuyambira pamenepo, mayeso ena, monga colonoscopy, endoscopy kapena kuponyera chopondapo, atha kulamulidwa kuti atulutse malingaliro ena azidziwitso, monga matenda am'matumbo, omwe amatha kuwonetsa zofananira.

Zomwe zingayambitse

Matenda a Crohn sanafotokoze bwinobwino zomwe zimayambitsa, komabe amakhulupirira kuti zina mwazinthu zomwe zingayambitse kuyambika kwake ndi izi:

• Zinthu zobadwa nazo atha kukhala okhudzana ndikukula kwa matenda a Crohn, pofala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi wachibale wapafupi ndi matendawa;
• Chitetezo cha mthupi chimasintha zomwe zimabweretsa kukokomeza kwazomwe zimachitika panthawi yanthenda, zomwe zimayambitsa kuukira kwam'mimba;
• Zosintha m'matumbo a microbiota, zomwe zingayambitse kusalingana kwa kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'matumbo;
• Kusuta pafupipafupi, chifukwa ndudu zimakhala ndi zinthu monga chikonga, carbon monoxide ndi ma radical aulere omwe angasinthe momwe magazi amayendera m'matumbo ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale chiopsezo chotenga matendawa kapena kuthandizira kukulira kwamatenda a Crohn.

Matendawa amatha kudziwonekera nthawi iliyonse ya moyo, koma zimakonda kuonekera patatha nthawi yayitali kapena nkhawa. Matenda a Crohn amatha kukhudza amuna ndi akazi, ndipo mawonekedwe ake atha kukhala okhudzana ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga mapiritsi akumwa, maantibayotiki kapena mankhwala oletsa kutupa monga ibuprofen kapena diclofenac, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha matenda a Crohn chiyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse molingana ndi malangizo a gastroenterologist komanso katswiri wazakudya ndipo cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kutupa kwa m'matumbo komwe kumayambitsa zizindikilo, kukonza moyo wabwino kapena kuchepetsa mavuto azovuta.

Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudya chakudya choyenera komanso chopatsa thanzi.

Mankhwala akulu a matenda a Crohn ndi awa:

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a Crohn amayenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi gastroenterologist ndipo amawonetsedwa kuti amachepetsa zizindikiro kapena kupewa ziwopsezo ndikuphatikizira:

• Corticosteroids monga prednisone kapena budesonide kuthandiza kuchepetsa kutupa kwa m'matumbo;
• Aminosalicylates monga sulfasalazine kapena mesalazine omwe amachita pochepetsa kutupa kuti muchepetse komanso kuchepetsa kugwidwa;
• Odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana monga azathioprine, mercaptopurine kapena methotrexate yomwe imathandizira kuchepetsa machitidwe amthupi ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sipangakhale kusintha kulikonse pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena;
• Mankhwala Achilengedwe monga infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol kapena vedolizumab omwe amathandizira kusintha machitidwe amthupi;
• Maantibayotiki monga ciprofloxacin kapena metronidazole itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pali zovuta kuchokera kumatenda, kuchuluka kwa bakiteriya kapena matenda a perianal.

Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ena ochepetsa zizindikilo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala otsekula m'mimba, kupweteka kapena mavitamini pakakhala vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chakudya.

2. Chakudya chokwanira

Kutupa m'matumbo komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi matenda a Crohn kumatha kusokoneza chimbudzi ndi kuyamwa kwa chakudya, komwe kumatha kuyambitsa kutsekula m'mimba, kupweteka m'mimba kapena kuchepa kwa ana, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudya chakudya choyenera, chotsogozedwa ndi katswiri wazakudya kapena wopatsa thanzi, komanso kupewa kudya zakudya zomwe zitha kukulitsa zizindikilo monga khofi, chokoleti kapena ndiwo zamasamba zosaphika, mwachitsanzo. Dziwani zomwe mungadye mu matenda a Crohn.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale mutakhala ndi chakudya choyenera, palibe kusintha pakumwa kwa michere kapena kuchepetsa zizindikilo, zakudya zina zopangidwa ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi kapena za kholo zitha kuwonetsedwa ndi adotolo.

Onerani kanemayo ndi katswiri wazakudya Tatiana Zanin pazomwe mungadye mu matenda a Crohn:

3. Opaleshoni

Kuchita opaleshoni kungasonyezedwe ndi dokotala ngati kusintha kwa zakudya kapena mankhwala ndi mankhwala sikungathandize kuthetsa zizindikiro za matenda a Crohn kapena ngati mavuto angabwere monga fistula kapena kuchepetsa matumbo.

Pochita opaleshoni, adokotala amachotsa matumbo omwe awonongeka ndikumalumikizanso mbali zathanzi.

Zovuta zotheka

Matenda a Crohn amatha kuyambitsa zovuta m'matumbo kapena mbali zina za thupi monga khungu kapena mafupa, mwachitsanzo. Zovuta zina zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha matendawa ndi monga:

• Kupondereza matumbo zomwe zingayambitse kusokonezeka ndi kufunika kochita opaleshoni;
• Kutuluka kwa matumbo;
• Zilonda zam'mimba m'matumbo, mkamwa, kumatako kapena kumaliseche;
• Mapangidwe a fistula m'matumbo kuti ndizolumikizana modabwitsa pakati pa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi, mwachitsanzo pakati pamatumbo ndi khungu kapena pakati pamatumbo ndi chiwalo china;
• Kuphulika kumatako womwe ndi mng'alu wochepa mu anus;
• Kusowa zakudya m'thupi zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kapena kufooka kwa mafupa;
• Kutupa m'manja ndi m'miyendo ndi ziphuphu zikuwonekera pansi pa khungu;
• Kuchuluka kwamapangidwe amwazi zomwe zingayambitse mitsempha ndi mitsempha.

Kuphatikiza apo, matenda a Crohn amachulukitsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya m'matumbo, ndipo kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi komanso kuyesa ma colonoscopy ndikofunikira, monga akuwonetsera adotolo. Pezani momwe colonoscopy imagwirira ntchito.