Kodi Uchi Umayamba Kuipa? Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa

Zamkati

• Kodi Uchi N'ciani?
• Chifukwa Chake Uchi Ukhoza Kutha Nthawi Yaitali Kwambiri
• Ndiwosokonekera Kwambiri Kwambiri komanso Wotsika Kwambiri
• Ndi Acidic
• Njuchi Zili Ndi Ma Enzymes Apadera Omwe Amaletsa Kukula kwa Mabakiteriya
• Kodi Uchi Ungayambike Liti?
• Itha Kuwonongeka
• Ikhoza Kukhala Ndi Magetsi Oopsa
• Itha Kukhala Yotengeka
• Itha Kusungidwa Molakwika
• Ikhoza Kulira ndi Kuwononga Pakapita Nthawi
• Momwe Mungasungire Ndi Kusamalira Uchi Moyenera
• Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Uchi ndi chimodzi mwa zotsekemera zakale kwambiri zomwe anthu amadya, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 5,500 BC. Amanenanso kuti ali ndi katundu wapadera, wokhalitsa.

Anthu ambiri amva za mitsuko ya uchi yomwe inafukulidwa m'manda akale a ku Aigupto, akadali bwino kudya monga tsiku losindikizidwa.

Nkhanizi zapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azikhulupilira kuti uchi sungangoyipa ayi.

Koma kodi izi ndi zoona?

Nkhaniyi ikufufuza chifukwa chake uchi ukhoza kukhala motalika kwambiri, komanso zomwe zingayambitse mavuto.

Kodi Uchi N'ciani?

Uchi ndi chinthu chokoma, chachilengedwe chomwe chimapangidwa ndi njuchi kuchokera kumadzi kapena timadzi tating'onoting'ono ta zomera (1,).

Njuchi zimayamwa timadzi tokoma, tizisakaniza ndi malovu ndi michere ndikuzisunga m'thumba la uchi. Kenako amazisiya mumng'oma kuti zipse ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya ().

Chifukwa kapangidwe ka uchi kumadalira mtundu wa njuchi komanso zomera ndi maluwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito, zimatha kusiyanasiyana pakumva kukoma ndi utoto, kuyambira poyera komanso kopanda utoto kufikira ku amber wakuda (1).

Uchi umapangidwa ndi shuga pafupifupi 80% ndipo osapitirira 18% yamadzi. Kuchuluka kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mitundu ya njuchi, zomera, nyengo ndi chinyezi komanso kukonza (1).

Mulinso ma organic acid monga gluconic acid, omwe amachititsa kuti azikhala ndi acidic. Kuphatikiza apo, mungu womwe umapezeka mu uchi wosasunthika uli ndi zomanga thupi zochepa kwambiri, michere, ma amino acid ndi mavitamini (1).

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chakudya chokha chofunikira mu uchi ndi shuga, wokhala ndi magalamu 17.2 ndi zopatsa mphamvu 65 pa supuni (21 magalamu) (3).

Palinso zotsalira za mchere, monga potaziyamu, makamaka mitundu yakuda kwambiri, ngakhale kuchuluka kwake kuli kocheperako kuti kukhale koyenera pazakudya (1).

Uchi ndi chakudya chopangidwa ndi njuchi kuchokera ku timadzi tokoma. Ili ndi shuga wambiri ndipo imakhala ndi zinthu zina monga organic acid, potaziyamu, mapuloteni, michere ndi mavitamini.

Chifukwa Chake Uchi Ukhoza Kutha Nthawi Yaitali Kwambiri

Uchi uli ndi zinthu zingapo zapadera zomwe zimawathandiza kukhala nthawi yayitali, kuphatikiza shuga wambiri komanso chinyezi chochepa, chikhalidwe cha acidic ndi maantimicrobial enzymes opangidwa ndi njuchi.

Ndiwosokonekera Kwambiri Kwambiri komanso Wotsika Kwambiri

Uchi umakhala ndi pafupifupi 80% ya shuga, yomwe imatha kuletsa kukula kwa mitundu ingapo yama tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga bakiteriya ndi bowa ().

Shuga wokwanira amatanthauza kuti kuthamanga kwa osmotic mu uchi ndikokwera kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti madzi azituluka m'maselo a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kuletsa kukula kwawo ndi kuberekana (, 5).

Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale ili ndi madzi ozungulira 17-18%, zochita zamadzi mu uchi ndizotsika kwambiri ().

Izi zikutanthauza kuti shuga amalumikizana ndi mamolekyulu amadzi kotero kuti sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tizilombo ndipo palibe kuthira kapena kuwonongeka kwa uchi komwe kumachitika (, 5).

Komanso, popeza uchi ndi wothithikana kwambiri, mpweya sungasungunuke mosavuta. Izi, kachiwiri, zimalepheretsa mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kukula kapena kuberekana ().

Ndi Acidic

PH ya uchi imakhala pakati pa 3.4 mpaka 6.1, pH ya 3.9, yomwe ndi acidic ndithu. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kupezeka kwa gluconic acid, yomwe imapangidwa pakamadzuka timadzi tokoma (, 5).

Poyambirira, zimaganiziridwa kuti malo okhala ndi acidic a uchi ndiwo amachititsa kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tisakule. Komabe, kafukufuku woyerekeza mitundu ndi ma pH otsika komanso apamwamba sanapeze kusiyana kwakukulu pamagulu antimicrobial (5).

Komabe, kwa mabakiteriya ena monga C. diphtheriae, E. coli, Streptococcus ndipo Salmonella, malo okhala ndi acidic amakhaladi odana ndipo amalepheretsa kukula kwawo (5).

M'malo mwake, uchi ndiwothandiza kwambiri kupha mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya kotero kuti imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamabala opsa ndi zilonda zoteteza komanso kuchiza matenda (,).

Njuchi Zili Ndi Ma Enzymes Apadera Omwe Amaletsa Kukula kwa Mabakiteriya

Nthawi yopanga uchi, njuchi zimatulutsa michere yotchedwa glucose oxidase mu timadzi tokoma kuteteza uchi (1, 5).

Uchi ukayamba kucha, glucose oxidase imasandutsa shuga kukhala gluconic acid komanso imapanga mankhwala otchedwa hydrogen peroxide (5).

Mpweya wa hydrogen uwu umaganiziridwa kuti umathandizira ku maantibayotiki a uchi ndikuthandizira kupewa kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (1, 5).

Kuphatikiza apo, uchi wapezeka kuti uli ndi mitundu ina yazinthu zina monga polyphenols, flavonoids, methylglyoxal, ma peptide a njuchi ndi ma antibacterial agents ena, omwe amathanso kuwonjezera pamankhwala ake ophera tizilombo ().

Uchi uli ndi shuga wambiri komanso chinyezi chochepa. Ndi acidic ndipo imakhala ndi mankhwala ophera antibacterial hydrogen peroxide. Zinthu zitatuzi ndizomwe zimalola kuti uchi wosungidwa bwino usunge nthawi yayitali.

Kodi Uchi Ungayambike Liti?

Ngakhale uchi uli ndi ma antimicrobial, amatha kuzimilira kapena kuyambitsa matenda nthawi zina. Izi zikuphatikiza kuipitsidwa, chigololo, kusungidwa kolakwika komanso kuwonongeka pakapita nthawi.

Itha Kuwonongeka

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka mu uchi ndi monga mabakiteriya, yisiti ndi nkhungu. Izi zikhoza kubwera kuchokera ku mungu, njuchi za m'mimba, fumbi, mpweya, dothi ndi maluwa ().

Chifukwa cha uchi wokhala ndi ma antimicrobial, zamoyozi nthawi zambiri zimangopezeka zochepa kwambiri ndipo sizimatha kuchulukana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti siziyenera kukhala zokhudzana ndi thanzi ().

Komabe, ma spores a neurotoxin C. botulinum amapezeka mu 5-15% ya zitsanzo za uchi pang'ono pang'ono ().

Izi sizowopsa kwa akulu, koma makanda ochepera zaka chimodzi, nthawi zambiri, amatha kukhala ndi botulism ya makanda yomwe imatha kuwononga dongosolo lamanjenje, kufooka komanso kupuma. Chifukwa chake, uchi sioyenera gulu laling'ono ili (,, 9).

Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo tambiri tambiri ta uchi titha kuwonetsa kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri pokonza kuchokera kwa anthu, zida, zotengera, mphepo, fumbi, tizilombo, nyama ndi madzi ().

Ikhoza Kukhala Ndi Magetsi Oopsa

Njuchi zikatenga timadzi tokoma kuchokera mumitundu ina yamaluwa, poizoni wazomera amatha kusamutsa uchi ().

Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha izi ndi "uchi wamisala," womwe umayambitsidwa ndi ma grayanotoxins mu timadzi tokoma kuchokera Rhododendron ponticum ndipo Azalea pontica. Uchi wopangidwa kuchokera kuzomera izi umatha kuyambitsa chizungulire, kunyoza komanso mavuto ndi kugunda kwa mtima kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi (,,).

Kuphatikiza apo, chinthu chomwe chimadziwika kuti hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) chimapangidwa pokonza ndikukalamba uchi ().

Ngakhale kafukufuku wina adapeza zoyipa za HMF paumoyo monga kuwonongeka kwa maselo ndi DNA, kafukufuku wina amafotokozanso zabwino monga antioxidative, anti-allergy ndi anti-inflammatory properties ().

Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zinthu zomalizidwa zilibe zoposa 40 mg ya HMF pa kilogalamu ya uchi (,).

Itha Kukhala Yotengeka

Uchi ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali, chodya nthawi.

Mwakutero, akhala akugwiritsidwa chigololo kwazaka zambiri. Kuchita chigololo kumatanthauza kuwonjezera zotsekemera zotsika mtengo kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka ndikuchepetsa mtengo.

Pofuna kutsika mtengo, njuchi zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi shuga kuchokera ku chimanga, nzimbe ndi shuga wa beet kapena timadzi ta shuga titha kuwonjezeredwa mwachindunji kuzogulitsidwa (14, 15).

Kuphatikiza apo, kuti ntchito ikonzeke mwachangu, uchi umatha kukololedwa usanakhwime, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale madzi okwanira komanso osatetezeka (15).

Nthawi zambiri, njuchi zimasunga uchi mumng'oma ndikuumitsa madzi kuti mukhale madzi osakwana 18%. Ngati uchi umakololedwa msanga madzi amatha kupitirira 25%. Izi zimabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuthira ndi kulawa koipa (15).

Itha Kusungidwa Molakwika

Ngati uchi umasungidwa molakwika umatha kutaya mankhwala ena opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, umakhala woipitsidwa kapena umayamba kuchepa.

Mukasiyidwa otseguka kapena osindikizidwa molakwika, madzi amatha kuyamba kukwera pamwamba pa 18%, ndikuwonjezera kuyipa kwa nayonso mphamvu.

Kuphatikiza apo, mitsuko yotseguka imatha kuloleza uchi kuti udetsedwe ndi tizilombo tating'ono tomwe timazungulira. Izi zimatha kukula ngati madzi akukwera kwambiri.

Kutentha uchi pamalo otentha kumatha kukhalanso ndi mavuto pakufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa utoto ndi kununkhira komanso kuwonjezera zomwe zili ndi HMF (16).

Ikhoza Kulira ndi Kuwononga Pakapita Nthawi

Ngakhale zitasungidwa molondola, sizachilendo uchi kuti umveke.

Zili choncho chifukwa mumakhala shuga wambiri kuposa momwe ungasungunuke. Sizitanthauza kuti zaipa koma njirayi imayambitsa kusintha (1).

Uchi wonyezimira umakhala woyera komanso wowala kwambiri. Zimakhalanso zowoneka bwino m'malo momveka bwino, ndipo zitha kuwoneka zokongola (1).

Ndizabwino kudya. Komabe, madzi amatulutsidwa panthawi ya crystallization, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha nayonso mphamvu (1, 17).

Kuphatikiza apo, uchi wosungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali umatha kukhala wakuda ndikuyamba kutaya kununkhira kwake. Ngakhale izi sizowopsa pazaumoyo, mwina sizingakhale zokoma kapena zokopa.

Uchi ukhoza kuyipa ukawonongeka, ngati njuchi zimatenga timadzi tokoma kuchokera ku zomera zina za poizoni ndipo ngati zasokonezedwa kapena kusungidwa molakwika. Crystallization ndimachitidwe achilengedwe ndipo sizitanthauza kuti uchi wanu wayipa.

Momwe Mungasungire Ndi Kusamalira Uchi Moyenera

Kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi uchi wanu wokhalitsa, ndikofunika kuti muzisunge bwino.

Chofunikira pakusungira ndikuwongolera chinyezi. Ngati madzi ochulukirapo alowa mu uchi wanu, chiopsezo chothira chimachulukanso ndipo chitha kuyipa.

Nawa maupangiri pazomwe mungachite posungira (18):

• Sungani mu chidebe chotsitsimula: Mitsuko kapena mabotolo ogulidwa m'sitolo, mitsuko yamagalasi ndi zotengera zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri zopanda zivomerezo ndizoyenera.
• Khalani pamalo ozizira, owuma: Uchi uyenera kusungidwa pansi pa 50 ° F (10 ° C). Komabe, kuzisungira kuzipinda zotentha pakati pa 50-70 ° F (10-20 ° C) ndizabwino.
• Kuzizira: Uchi ukhoza kusungidwa m'firiji ngati mukufuna koma utha kusungunuka msanga komanso kukhala wolimba.
• Kutentha ngati kumveka: Ngati uchi ukukulira, mutha kuubwezera ku mawonekedwe amadzimadzi powotha pang'ono pang'ono ndikuyambitsa. Komabe, musatenthe kapena kuwiritsa monga momwe zingawonongere mtundu ndi kununkhira kwake.
• Pewani zodetsa: Pewani kuipitsa uchi ndi ziwiya zodetsa monga mipeni kapena masipuni, omwe amalola mabakiteriya, yisiti ndi nkhungu kukula.
• Ngati mukukaikira, iponyeni kunja: Ngati uchi wanu umakoma, uli ndi thovu kapena mukawona madzi ambiri aulere, ndibwino kuti muwataye kunja.

Kumbukirani kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya uchi ingawoneke ndikusiyanasiyana. Kuti mupeze malangizo achindunji osungira, onaninso omwe adasindikizidwa pamalonda anu.

Uchi uyenera kusungidwa mu chidebe chotsitsimula pamalo ozizira ndi owuma. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chingalowe mchidebe chifukwa madzi ochulukirapo amachulukitsa chiwopsezo cha kuthirira.

Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Uchi ndi chakudya chokoma, chotsekemera chomwe chimabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera komwe amapangira.

Chifukwa chokhala ndi shuga wambiri komanso madzi otsika, komanso kuchepa kwake kwa pH ndi maantimicrobial, uchi umatha kukhala wabwino kwa zaka, zaka makumi kapena kupitilira apo.

Komabe, nthawi zina, zitha kusokonekera kapena kutaya chidwi chake.

Uchi ukhoza kuipitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya, yisiti, bowa kapena nkhungu, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri sizimachulukana. Zitha kukhalanso ndi mankhwala oopsa ochokera kuzomera zina kapena atha kusokonezedwa ndi zotsekemera zopanda pake kapena kukonza.

Kuphatikiza apo, uchi womwe wasungidwa molakwika sukhalitsa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyisindikiza mu chidebe chotsitsimula pamalo ozizira, owuma.

Pogula uchi kwa ogulitsa odziwika bwino ndikuwasunga moyenera, titha kusangalala nawo motetezeka kwazaka zambiri.