Matenda Okhazikika Okhazikika (Dysthymia)

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za Kupirira Kwamavuto
• Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kukhumudwa Kwambiri
• Kuzindikira Matenda Okhazikika
• Kuchiza Matenda Okhazikika a Persistent
• Mankhwala
• Chithandizo
• Kusintha Kwamoyo
• Kuwona Kwakanthawi Kwanthawi yayitali kwa Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Matenda Okhazikika
• Funso:
• Yankho:

Kodi Persistent Depression Disorder (PDD) ndi Chiyani?

Persistent depression disorder (PDD) ndi mtundu wa kukhumudwa kwakanthawi. Ndi matenda atsopano omwe amaphatikiza matenda awiri oyamba aja a dysthymia ndi matenda akulu okhumudwa. Monga mitundu ina ya kukhumudwa, PDD imayambitsa kukhumudwa kwakukulu ndi kusowa chiyembekezo. Izi zimatha kukhudza momwe mumamverera komanso momwe mumakhalira, komanso magwiridwe antchito, kuphatikiza kudya ndi kugona. Zotsatira zake, anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli nthawi zambiri sataya chidwi chochita zomwe anali nazo kale ndipo amavutika kumaliza ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Zizindikirozi zimawoneka pamitundu yonse yakukhumudwa. Mu PDD, komabe, zizindikirazo ndizocheperako ndipo sizikhala zazitali. Amatha kupitilira zaka zambiri ndipo amatha kusokoneza sukulu, ntchito, komanso ubale wawo. Matenda a PDD amathanso kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuthana ndi zizindikirazo. Komabe, kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala olankhula kungakhale kothandiza pochiza PDD.

Zizindikiro za Kupirira Kwamavuto

Zizindikiro za PDD ndizofanana ndi za kukhumudwa. Komabe, kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti PDD ndiyokhazikika, ndipo zizindikilo zimachitika masiku ambiri kwa zaka zosachepera ziwiri. Zizindikirozi ndi monga:

• kumangokhalira kumva chisoni ndikukhala opanda chiyembekezo
• mavuto ogona
• mphamvu zochepa
• kusintha kwa njala
• zovuta kukhazikika
• kukayikakayika
• kusachita chidwi ndi zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku
• kuchepa kwa zokolola
• kudzidalira
• malingaliro olakwika
• kupewa zochitika zina

Zizindikiro za PDD nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuwonekera paubwana kapena unyamata. Ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi PDD amatha kuwoneka okwiya, osasangalala, kapena opanda chiyembekezo kwanthawi yayitali. Amatha kuwonetsanso zovuta zamakhalidwe, kusachita bwino kusukulu, komanso zovuta kucheza ndi ana ena m'malo ochezera. Zizindikiro zawo zimatha kupitilira zaka zingapo, ndipo kuuma kwake kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakapita nthawi.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kukhumudwa Kwambiri

Chifukwa cha PDD sichikudziwika. Zinthu zina zitha kuthandizira kukulitsa vutoli. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• kusamvana kwa mankhwala muubongo
• mbiri ya banja la vutoli
• mbiri yazovuta zina zamaganizidwe, monga nkhawa kapena matenda amisala
• zovuta kapena zoopsa pamoyo, monga kutaya wokondedwa kapena mavuto azachuma
• matenda osachiritsika, monga matenda amtima kapena matenda ashuga
• kusokonezeka kwaubongo wakuthupi, monga kukomoka

Kuzindikira Matenda Okhazikika

Kuti mupeze matenda olondola, adokotala amayamba kukuyesani. Dokotala wanu adzayesanso magazi kapena mayeso ena a labotale kuti athetse zovuta zomwe zingayambitse matenda anu. Ngati palibe kufotokozera kwakuthupi kwa zizindikilo zanu, ndiye kuti dokotala wanu akhoza kuyamba kukayikira kuti muli ndi thanzi labwino.

Dokotala wanu adzakufunsani mafunso kuti muwone momwe mukukhalira panokha. Ndikofunika kukhala owona mtima ndi dokotala wanu pazizindikiro zanu. Mayankho anu awathandiza kudziwa ngati muli ndi PDD kapena mtundu wina wamatenda amisala.

Madokotala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zizindikilo zomwe zalembedwa mu Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5) kuti adziwe PDD. Bukuli lidasindikizidwa ndi American Psychiatric Association. Zizindikiro za PDD zomwe zalembedwa mu DSM-5 ndi izi:

• wokhumudwa pafupifupi tsiku lililonse kwa nthawi yayitali
• kukhala ndi njala yosauka kapena kudya mopitirira muyeso
• kuvuta kugona kapena kugona
• mphamvu zochepa kapena kutopa
• kudziyang'anira pansi
• kusakhazikika bwino kapena zovuta kupanga zisankho
• kukhala opanda chiyembekezo

Kuti achikulire apeze matendawa, ayenera kukhala ndi nkhawa nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, kwa zaka ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo.

Kuti ana kapena achinyamata adziwe kuti ali ndi matendawa, ayenera kukhala ndi nkhawa kapena kukwiya nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, kwa chaka chimodzi.

Ngati dokotala akukhulupirira kuti muli ndi PDD, atha kukutumizirani kwa katswiri wazamisala kuti mukapimenso ndikuchiritsidwa.

Kuchiza Matenda Okhazikika a Persistent

Chithandizo cha PDD chimakhala ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala olankhula. Mankhwala amakhulupirira kuti ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri kuposa njira yothandizira mukamagwiritsa ntchito nokha. Komabe, kuphatikiza mankhwala ndi njira yolankhulirana nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira.

Mankhwala

PDD imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala opanikizika, kuphatikiza:

• serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), monga fluoxetine (Prozac) ndi sertraline (Zoloft)
• tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monga amitriptyline (Elavil) ndi amoxapine (Asendin)
• serotonin ndi norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monga desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) ndi duloxetine (Cymbalta)

Mungafunike kuyesa mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala kuti mupeze yankho lothandiza kwa inu. Izi zimafuna kuleza mtima, chifukwa mankhwala ambiri amatenga milungu ingapo kuti agwire bwino ntchito.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati mupitiliza kukhala ndi nkhawa ndi mankhwala anu. Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni kuti musinthe mlingo kapena mankhwala. Musasiye kumwa mankhwala anu monga mwauzidwa popanda kulankhula ndi dokotala poyamba. Kuyimitsa chithandizo mwadzidzidzi kapena kusowa mankhwala angapo kungayambitse zizindikilo zofananira ndikukhala ndi zofooka.

Chithandizo

Kulankhula kwa chithandizo ndi njira yabwino yothandizira anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi PDD. Kuwona wothandizira kungakuthandizeni kuphunzira:

• fotokozani malingaliro anu ndi malingaliro anu munjira yathanzi
• pirirani kutengeka kwanu
• sinthani zovuta zamoyo kapena zovuta
• kuzindikira malingaliro, machitidwe, ndi malingaliro omwe amayambitsa kapena kukulitsa zizindikilo
• sinthani zikhulupiriro zolakwika ndikuyika zabwino
• pezani kudzimva kokhutira komanso kuwongolera pamoyo wanu
• khazikitsani zolinga zomwe mungakwanitse

Mankhwalawa amatha kuchitidwa payekha kapena pagulu. Magulu othandizira ndi abwino kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuuza anzawo omwe akukumana ndi mavuto omwewo.

Kusintha Kwamoyo

PDD ndi mkhalidwe wokhalitsa, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kutenga nawo gawo pazokonzekera. Kusintha zina ndi zina m'moyo kumatha kuthandizira chithandizo chamankhwala ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa zizolowezi. Mankhwalawa ndi awa:

• kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi katatu pamlungu
• kudya chakudya chomwe chimakhala ndi zakudya zachilengedwe, monga zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba
• kupewa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa
• kuwona wodula mphini
• kumwa mankhwala owonjezera, kuphatikiza liziwawa la St. John's ndi mafuta a nsomba
• kuchita yoga, tai chi, kapena kusinkhasinkha
• kulemba mu nyuzipepala

Kuwona Kwakanthawi Kwanthawi yayitali kwa Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Matenda Okhazikika

Popeza PDD imadwaladwala, anthu ena sachira kwathunthu. Chithandizo chitha kuthandiza anthu ambiri kuthana ndi zizindikilo zawo, koma sizothandiza aliyense. Anthu ena amatha kupitilizabe kukhala ndi zizindikilo zowopsa zomwe zimasokoneza moyo wawo kapena waukadaulo.

Nthawi zonse mukamakumana ndi zovuta kuthana ndi zizindikilo zanu, itanani National Suicide Prevention Lifeline ku 800-273-8255. Pali anthu omwe amapezeka maola 24 patsiku, masiku asanu ndi awiri pa sabata kuti alankhule nanu zavuto lililonse lomwe mungakhale nalo. Muthanso kuyendera tsamba lawo kuti muthandizidwe ndi zowonjezera.

Funso:

Kodi ndingathandize bwanji munthu amene ali ndi matenda okhumudwa?

Wosadziwika wodwala

Yankho:

Chofunika kwambiri chomwe munthu angachite kuti athandize munthu amene ali ndi matenda opsinjika mtima ndi kuzindikira kuti ali ndi matenda enieni ndipo sakufuna kukhala "ovuta" m'mayanjano awo nanu. Sangakhudzidwe ndi nkhani yabwino kapena zochitika zina zabwino monga momwe anthu omwe alibe vutoli angachitire. Muyeneranso kuwalimbikitsa kuti apite ku madokotala ndi madokotala awo onse ndikumwa mankhwala awo malinga ndi momwe akufunira.

Timothy Legg PhD, PMHNP-BC, GNP-BC, CARN-AP, MCHESMayankho amayimira malingaliro a akatswiri athu azachipatala. Zonse zomwe zili ndizachidziwikire ndipo siziyenera kuonedwa ngati upangiri wa zamankhwala.