Endotracheal Intubation

Zamkati

• Nchifukwa chiyani endotracheal intubation yachitika?
• Kodi kuopsa kwa intotracheal intubation ndi kotani?
• Zoopsa za anesthesia
• Zowopsa za intubation
• Kodi ndimakonzekera bwanji endotracheal intubation?
• Kodi endotracheal intubation imachitika bwanji?
• Zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera mukatha endotracheal intubation

Kodi endotracheal intubation ndi chiyani?

Endotracheal intubation (EI) nthawi zambiri imakhala njira yadzidzidzi yomwe imachitika kwa anthu omwe sakudziwa kapena omwe sangathe kupuma okha. EI imakhala ndi njira yotseguka ndipo imathandizira kupewa kubanika.

Mu EI wamba, mumapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu. Kenako, chubu chosungunuka cha pulasitiki chimayikidwa mu trachea yanu pakamwa panu kuti zikuthandizeni kupuma.

Trachea, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti windpipe, ndi chubu chomwe chimanyamula mpweya m'mapapu anu. Kukula kwa chubu chopumira kumayenderana ndi msinkhu wanu komanso kukula kwa mmero. Chitoliro chimasungidwa ndi kachingwe kakang'ono kamlengalenga kamene kamadzaza mozungulira chubu atayika.

Thirakiti lanu limayamba pansipa pakhosi panu, kapena bokosi lamawu, ndipo limatsikira kuseri kwa chifupa, kapena sternum. Trachea yanu imagawika ndikukhala timachubu tating'ono ting'ono: bronchi yayikulu kumanja ndi kumanzere. Thupi lililonse limalumikizana ndi imodzi mwa mapapu anu. Bronchi imapitilizabe kugawikana m'magawo ang'onoang'ono komanso ang'onoang'ono am'mapapo.

Trachea yanu ili ndi khungu lolimba, minofu, ndi minofu yolumikizana. Kanyumba kake kamakhala ndi minofu yosalala. Nthawi iliyonse mukapuma, mphepo yanu yam'mlengalenga imatalikirapo pang'ono ndikukulira. Zimabwerera kukula kwake momasuka mukamapuma.

Mutha kukhala ndi vuto lopuma kapena simungathe kupuma konse ngati njira iliyonse yanjanjiyo yatsekedwa kapena yawonongeka. Apa ndi pamene EI ingakhale yofunikira.

Nchifukwa chiyani endotracheal intubation yachitika?

Mungafunike njirayi pazifukwa izi:

• kutsegula njira zanu zapaulendo kuti mulandire mankhwala oletsa ululu, mankhwala, kapena mpweya
• kuteteza mapapu anu
• mwasiya kupuma kapena mukuvutika kupuma
• muyenera makina oti akuthandizeni kupuma
• mwadwala mutu ndipo simungathe kupuma nokha
• muyenera kukhala pansi kwa kanthawi kuti mupole kuvulala lalikulu kapena matenda

EI ndimasunga njira yanu yotseguka. Izi zimalola kuti mpweya udutse momasuka kupita m'mapapu anu mukamapuma.

Kodi kuopsa kwa intotracheal intubation ndi kotani?

Zoopsa za anesthesia

Nthawi zambiri, mudzakhala pansi pa anesthesia nthawi yonseyi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simungamve kalikonse pamene chubu chalowetsedwa. Anthu athanzi nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi vuto la anesthesia wamba, koma pamakhala chiopsezo chazovuta zazitali. Zowopsa izi zimadalira thanzi lanu komanso mtundu wa njira zomwe mukutsatira.

Zinthu zomwe zingapangitse chiopsezo chanu chazovuta ndi anesthesia ndi izi:

• mavuto aakulu ndi mapapu anu, impso, kapena mtima
• matenda ashuga
• mbiri yakugwa
• mbiri ya banja yokhudzana ndi zovuta ku anesthesia
• kugona tulo
• kunenepa kwambiri
• ziwengo za chakudya kapena mankhwala
• kumwa mowa
• kusuta
• zaka

Zovuta zina zazikulu zimatha kupezeka kwa achikulire omwe ali ndi mavuto azachipatala. Zovuta izi ndizochepa koma zimatha kuphatikiza:

• matenda amtima
• matenda am'mapapo
• sitiroko
• kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe kwakanthawi
• imfa

Pafupifupi munthu m'modzi kapena awiri pa 1,000 aliyense amatha kukhala pang'ono atakhala pansi pa anesthesia. Izi zikachitika, anthu nthawi zambiri amadziwa malo owazungulira koma samva kuwawa kulikonse. Nthawi zambiri, amatha kumva kupweteka kwambiri. Izi zitha kubweretsa zovuta zamaganizidwe okhalitsa, monga post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Zinthu zina zitha kupangitsa izi kukhala zotheka:

• opaleshoni yadzidzidzi
• mavuto a mtima kapena mapapo
• kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali ma opiate, zotetezera, kapena cocaine
• kumwa mowa tsiku ndi tsiku

Zowopsa za intubation

Pali zoopsa zina zokhudzana ndi intubation, monga:

• kuvulaza mano kapena ntchito yamano
• kuvulaza pakhosi kapena trachea
• kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi ochuluka m'ziwalo kapena minofu
• magazi
• mavuto m'mapapo kapena kuvulala
• chikhumbo (zomwe zili m'mimba ndi zidulo zomwe zimathera m'mapapu)

Dokotala wochita dzanzi kapena ambulansi EMT ikuwunikirani isanachitike njirayi kuti muchepetse zovuta zomwe zingachitike. Muyang'aniridwanso mosamala munjira yonseyi.

Kodi ndimakonzekera bwanji endotracheal intubation?

Intubation ndi njira yovuta ndipo imatha kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri. Komabe, nthawi zambiri mumalandira mankhwala oletsa ululu komanso mankhwala opumitsa minofu kuti musamve kuwawa. Ndi matenda ena, njirayi imafunika kuchitidwa munthu akadali maso. Mankhwala oletsa kupweteka am'deralo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupheratu mayendedwe apansi kuti muchepetse kusapeza bwino. Katswiri wanu wochititsa dzanzi adzakudziwitsani musanadutsidwe ngati izi zikukukhudzani.

Kodi endotracheal intubation imachitika bwanji?

EI nthawi zambiri imachitikira kuchipatala, komwe mudzapatsidwe mankhwala oletsa ululu. Zikachitika mwadzidzidzi, munthu wothandizira zamankhwala pamalo azidzidzidzi atha kuchita EI.

Mu njira yodziwika bwino ya EI, choyamba mudzalandira mankhwala oletsa kupweteka. Mukakhala pansi, dokotala wanu adzakutsegulirani pakamwa ndikulowetsani chida chaching'ono ndi nyali yotchedwa laryngoscope. Chida ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwona mkati mwa kholingo, kapena bokosi lamawu. Mitsempha yanu ikangopezeka, chubu cha pulasitiki chosinthika chidzaikidwa mkamwa mwanu ndikudutsa kupyola zingwe zanu ndikulowera kumunsi kwa trachea yanu. Mikhalidwe yovuta, kanema wa laryngoscope atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka chiwonetsero chatsatanetsatane cha njira yapaulendo.

Dokotala wanu wochita opaleshoni adzamvetsera kupuma kwanu kudzera mu stethoscope kuti muwonetsetse kuti chubu chili pamalo oyenera. Mukapanda kuthandizanso kupuma, chubu chimachotsedwa. Panthawi yochita opareshoni komanso mchipinda cha anthu odwala mwakayakaya, chubu chimalumikizidwa ndi makina opumira, kapena makina opumira, ikakhala pamalo oyenera. Nthawi zina, chubu chimatha kulumikizidwa kwakanthawi m'thumba. Anesthesiologist wanu adzagwiritsa ntchito chikwamacho kupopera mpweya m'mapapu anu.

Zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera mukatha endotracheal intubation

Mutha kukhala ndi zilonda zapakhosi pang'ono kapena kuvutika kumeza mukatha, koma izi zikuyenera kuchoka msanga.

Palinso chiopsezo chochepa kuti mudzakumana ndi zovuta pamachitidwe. Onetsetsani kuti mwamuyimbira foni nthawi yomweyo ngati mukuwonetsa izi:

• kutupa kwa nkhope yako
• zilonda zapakhosi zoopsa
• kupweteka pachifuwa
• zovuta kumeza
• kuvuta kuyankhula
• kupweteka kwa khosi
• kupuma movutikira

Zizindikirozi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha zovuta zina ndi njira yanu yapaulendo.