Enterovirus: zizindikiro, chithandizo ndi momwe matenda amapangidwira

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi matenda omwe amayamba ndi enterovirus
• Kuopsa kwa matenda a enterovirus ali ndi pakati
• Momwe muyenera kuchitira
• Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Enteroviruses amafanana ndi mtundu wa ma virus omwe njira zake zazikulu zobweretsera ndimatumbo am'mimba, zimayambitsa zizindikilo monga malungo, kusanza ndi zilonda zapakhosi. Matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha ma enteroviruse ndi opatsirana kwambiri ndipo amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana, popeza achikulire ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chokwanira, kuyankha bwino matenda.

Enterovirus yayikulu ndi poliovirus, yomwe ndi virus yomwe imayambitsa poliyo, ndipo yomwe ikafika pamanjenje, imatha kubweretsa ziwalo za m'miyendo komanso kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto. Kufala kwa kachilomboka kumachitika makamaka kudzera mwa kudya chakudya ndi / kapena madzi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kapena kukhudzana ndi anthu kapena zinthu zomwe zawonongeka. Chifukwa chake, njira yabwino yopewera matenda ndikuwongolera ukhondo, kuwonjezera pa katemera, poliyo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi matenda omwe amayamba ndi enterovirus

Kupezeka ndi / kapena kupezeka kwa zizindikilo zokhudzana ndi matenda a enterovirus kumadalira mtundu wa kachilomboka, kufalikira kwake komanso chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu. Nthawi zambiri matenda, zizindikiro sizimawoneka ndipo matenda amathetsa mwachilengedwe. Komabe, kwa ana, makamaka, popeza chitetezo chamthupi sichinakule bwino, ndizotheka kuti zizindikilo monga mutu, malungo, kusanza, zilonda zapakhosi, zilonda zapakhungu ndi zilonda mkamwa, kutengera mtundu wa virus, Kuwonjezera pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta.

Enteroviruses imatha kufikira ziwalo zingapo, zizindikilo komanso kuopsa kwa matendawa kutengera chiwalo chomwe chakhudzidwa. Chifukwa chake, matenda akulu omwe amayambitsidwa ndi enteroviruses ndi awa:

1. Poliyo: Poliyo, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti kufooka kwa makanda, imayambitsidwa ndi poliovirus, mtundu wa enterovirus wokhoza kufikira dongosolo lamanjenje ndikupangitsa ziwalo za ziwalo, kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto, kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi kufooka kwa minofu;
2. Matenda am'manja: Matendawa ndi opatsirana kwambiri ndipo amayamba chifukwa cha mtundu wa enterovirus Coxsackiezomwe zimayambitsa, kuwonjezera pa malungo, kutsekula m'mimba ndi kusanza, mawonekedwe a matuza m'manja ndi kumapazi ndi zilonda mkamwa;
3. Herpangina: Herpangina imatha kuyambitsidwa ndi mtundu wa enterovirus Coxsackie komanso ndi kachilomboka Matenda a Herpes simplex ndipo amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa zilonda mkati ndi kunja kwa kamwa, kuphatikiza pammero wofiira komanso wokwiya;
4. Matenda a m'mimba: Mtundu uwu wa meninjaitisi umachitika pamene enterovirus imafikira dongosolo lamanjenje ndipo imayambitsa kutupa kwa meninges, omwe ndi nembanemba yomwe imayendetsa ubongo ndi msana, zomwe zimabweretsa zizindikilo monga kutentha thupi, kupweteka mutu, khosi lolimba komanso chidwi chachikulu pakuwala;
5. Encephalitis: Mu virus encephalitis, enterovirus imayambitsa kutupa muubongo, ndipo imayenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu kuti tipewe zovuta zomwe zingachitike, monga kufooka kwa minofu, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe ndi zovuta zolankhula kapena kumva;
6. Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: Pankhani ya virus conjunctivitis, enterovirus imalumikizana mwachindunji ndikulumikizana kwa diso, kuyambitsa kutupa kwa maso ndikutuluka pang'ono, komwe kumapangitsa diso kufiira.

Kutumiza kwa enterovirus kumachitika makamaka kudzera pakumwa kapena kukhudzana ndi zinthu zakhudzana, njira yonyansa yakamwa ndiyo njira yopatsira anthu. Kuwonongeka kumachitika pamene enterovirus imameza, gawo logaya chakudya ndilo malo ochulukitsira kachilomboka, motero dzina lakuti enterovirus.

Kuphatikiza pakufalitsa mkamwa, kachilomboka kakhoza kupatsidwanso kudzera m'madontho omwe amabalalika mumlengalenga, chifukwa enterovirus imatha kuyambitsa zilonda zapakhosi, komabe mawonekedwe akewa samapezeka pafupipafupi.

Kuopsa kwa matenda a enterovirus ali ndi pakati

Kutenga kachilombo ka enterovirus panthawi yoyembekezera kumayambitsa chiopsezo kwa mwana pamene matendawa sakudziwika ndipo mankhwala amayambika mwanayo atangobadwa kumene. Izi ndichifukwa choti mwana amatha kulumikizana ndi kachilomboka ngakhale ali ndi pakati ndipo, atabadwa, chifukwa chakukula pang'ono kwa chitetezo chake chamthupi, kukulitsa zizindikilo za sepsis, momwe kachilombo kamakafikira m'magazi ndikufalikira mosavuta. matupi.

Chifukwa chake, enterovirus imatha kufikira mitsempha yayikulu, chiwindi, kapamba ndi mtima ndipo m'masiku ochepa zimayambitsa kulephera kwa ziwalo za mwana, zomwe zimabweretsa imfa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti matendawa ndi enterovirus amadziwika kuti ali ndi pakati ndi cholinga choyambitsa chithandizo cha mwanayo komanso kupewa zovuta atangobadwa.

Momwe muyenera kuchitira

Chithandizo cha matenda a enterovirus cholinga chake, nthawi zambiri, ndi kuchotsera zisonyezo, chifukwa palibe mankhwala enieni opatsirana ambiri obwera chifukwa cha mtundu uwu wa kachilombo. Kawirikawiri zizindikiro za matendawa zimazimiririka patapita kanthawi, koma enterovirus ikafika m'magazi kapena mkatikatikati mwa mitsempha, imatha kupha, ikufuna chithandizo malinga ndi malangizo a dokotala.

Pankhani yokhudzana ndi mitsempha yapakatikati, mayendedwe a immunoglobulin mumtsinje angalimbikitsidwe ndi adotolo, kotero kuti chamoyo chimatha kulimbana ndi matendawa mosavuta. Mankhwala ena opewera matenda a enterovirus ali mgawo loyesera, sanayikidwebe ndikumasulidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.

Pakadali pano pali katemera wokha wolimbana ndi enterovirus yemwe amayambitsa poliyo, poliovirus, ndipo katemerayu amayenera kuperekedwa muyezo wa 5, woyamba ali ndi miyezi iwiri. Pankhani ya mitundu ina ya ma enterovirusi, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zaukhondo ndikukhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi ukhondo wabwino popewa kuipitsidwa kwa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwa kapena zina, popeza njira yayikulu yopatsira mavairasiwa ndi zonyansa- pakamwa. Onani nthawi yoti mutenge katemera wa poliyo.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Matenda oyamba a enterovirus amapangidwa kuchokera kuzowonetsa zamankhwala zomwe wodwalayo amafotokoza, zomwe zimafuna mayeso a labotale kuti atsimikizire matendawa. Matenda a labotolo a enterovirus amapangidwa kudzera pama mayeso am'magazi, makamaka Polymerase Chain Reaction, yotchedwanso PCR, momwe mtundu wa ma virus ndi kuchuluka kwake m'thupi limadziwika.

Tizilomboti titha kuzindikiridwanso mwa kupatula kachilomboka muzofalitsa zina zachikhalidwe kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zitha kubwereza. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timatha kupezeka pazinthu zingapo zamoyo, monga ndowe, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), kutulutsa pakhosi ndi magazi kutengera zomwe munthu wafotokozazo. Mu nyansi, enterovirus imatha kupezeka mpaka masabata 6 mutatha kutenga kachilomboka ndipo imatha kupezeka pakhosi pakati pa masiku 3 mpaka 7 kuyambira pomwe matenda amayamba.

Mayeso a serological amathanso kufunsidwa kuti ayang'ane momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimayankhira kumatenda, komabe mayeso amtunduwu sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti apeze matenda a enterovirus.