Momwe Mungakhalire Omnivore Wamakhalidwe Abwino

Zamkati

• Zakudya zimakhudza chilengedwe
• Kugwiritsa ntchito malo olima
• Mpweya wowonjezera kutentha
• Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi
• Kutuluka kwa feteleza
• Njira zodyera mosamalitsa
• Kodi kudya nkhani yakomweko?
• Kugwiritsa ntchito nyama yofiira pang'ono
• Idyani zomanga thupi zochulukirapo
• Chepetsani zonyansa
• Mfundo yofunika

Kupanga chakudya kumapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chisokonezeke.

Zakudya zanu zatsiku ndi tsiku zimakhudza kwambiri chakudya chanu.

Ngakhale zakudya zamasamba ndi zamasamba sizikhala zachilengedwe, sikuti aliyense amafuna kusiya kudya nyama konse.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zina mwazofunikira zakukula kwa chakudya m'deralo, komanso momwe mungadye nyama ndi zomera mosadukiza.

Mwachidule, nayi momwe mungakhalire omnivore wamakhalidwe.

Zakudya zimakhudza chilengedwe

Ndikapanga chakudya chodyedwa ndi anthu kumadzawononga chilengedwe.

Kufunika kwa chakudya, mphamvu, ndi madzi kukupitilizabe kukwera ndikuwonjezeka kwa anthu padziko lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nkhawa padziko lathuli.

Ngakhale kufunikira kwa zinthuzi sikungapeweke palimodzi, ndikofunikira kuphunzitsidwa za izi kuti apange zisankho zodalirika zokhudzana ndi chakudya.

Kugwiritsa ntchito malo olima

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kusintha pankhani yaulimi ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthaka.

Pokhala ndi theka la malo okhala padziko lapansi pano omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngatiulimi, kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka kumathandizira kwambiri pakukhudzidwa kwachilengedwe kwa chakudya (1).

Makamaka, zinthu zina zaulimi, monga ziweto, mwanawankhosa, nyama yamphongo, ndi tchizi, ndizomwe zimatenga malo ambiri olimapo (2).

Ziweto zimakhala ndi 77% yogwiritsa ntchito malo olimapo padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe malo odyetserako ziweto ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito kulima ziweto amatengedwa (2).

Izi zati, zimangopanga 18% yama calories padziko lapansi ndi 17% ya protein yapadziko lonse (2).

Popeza malo ochulukirapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngatiulimi wamakampani, malo okhala akutchire amasowa malo, ndikuwononga chilengedwe.

Pazabwino, ukadaulo waulimi wakula bwino kwambiri m'zaka zonse za 20th komanso m'zaka za zana la 21 ().

Kukula kumeneku kwaukadaulo kwachulukitsa zokolola pagawo lililonse, zomwe zimafuna kuti nthaka yolima yocheperako ipereke chakudya chofanana (4).

Njira imodzi yomwe tingatenge popanga chakudya chokhazikika ndikupewa kusintha kwa nkhalango kukhala nthaka yaulimi (5).

Mutha kuthandiza mwa kulowa nawo gulu loteteza malo mdera lanu.

Mpweya wowonjezera kutentha

Vuto lina lalikulu pakapangidwe kazakudya ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, pomwe chakudya chimapanga pafupifupi kotala la mpweya wapadziko lonse (2).

Mpweya waukulu wowonjezera kutentha umaphatikizapo carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, ndi mpweya wonyezimira (6).

Mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa nyengo (, 8,, 10,).

Mwa 25% yomwe chakudya chimathandizira, ziweto ndi nsomba zimawerengera 31%, zokolola za 27%, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka kwa 24%, ndi kugulitsa kwa 18% (2).

Poganizira kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zaulimi zimapereka mpweya wosiyanasiyana wowonjezera kutentha, zakudya zomwe mungasankhe zingakhudze kwambiri mpweya wanu, womwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha womwe umayambitsidwa ndi munthu.

Pitilizani kuwerenga kuti mupeze njira zina zomwe mungachepetsere mpweya wanu pomwe mukusangalala ndi zakudya zambiri zomwe mumakonda.

Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi

Ngakhale madzi angawoneke ngati gwero lopanda malire kwa ambiri a ife, madera ambiri padziko lapansi amasowa madzi.

Agriculture ndiomwe amachititsa 70% yamadzi opanda madzi padziko lonse lapansi (12).

Izi zati, zopangira zosiyanasiyana zaulimi zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana popanga.

Zinthu zomwe zimafunika madzi ambiri ndi tchizi, mtedza, nsomba zoŵetedwa ndi nkhanu, kenako ng'ombe zamkaka (2).

Chifukwa chake, njira zantchito zantchito zokhazikika zimapereka mpata waukulu wowongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka madzi.

Zitsanzo zina za izi ndi monga kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira kwa madzi m'malo opopera madzi, kutenga madzi amvula kuthirira mbewu, komanso kulima mbewu zolekerera chilala.

Kutuluka kwa feteleza

Mphamvu yayikulu yomaliza pakupanga zakudya zachikhalidwe zomwe ndikufuna kutchula ndi kuthamanga kwa feteleza, komwe kumatchedwanso eutrophication.

Mbewu zikapangidwa ndi umuna, pamakhala kuthekera kwakuti michere yochulukirapo ilowe m'malo ozungulira komanso m'madzi, zomwe zimatha kusokoneza zachilengedwe.

Mutha kuganiza kuti kulima ndi organic kungakhale yankho pa izi, koma sizili choncho ().

Ngakhale njira zaulimi ziyenera kukhala zopanda feteleza kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zilibe mankhwala.

Chifukwa chake, kusinthana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe sikungathetseretu mavuto othamanga.

Izi zati, zachilengedwe zakhala zikuwonetsa kuti zili ndi zotsalira zochepa za mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuposa anzawo omwe amafesedwa kumunda (14).

Ngakhale kuti simungasinthe mwachindunji feteleza wam'minda ngati ogula, mutha kulimbikitsa njira zina zachilengedwe, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zophimba ndi kubzala mitengo kuti muthane ndi kuthamanga.

Ndikumapanga chakudya chodya anthu kumabweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndikusintha kwa zakudya ndi monga kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka, mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, komanso kuthamanga kwa feteleza.

Njira zodyera mosamalitsa

Nazi njira zina zomwe mungadye mopatsa thanzi, kuphatikiza pakudya nyama.

Kodi kudya nkhani yakomweko?

Pankhani yochepetsera mpweya wanu, kudya m'deralo ndizovomerezeka.

Ngakhale kudya kwanuko kumawoneka kuti ndi kwanzeru mwachilengedwe, sikuwoneka kuti kumakhudza kwambiri chakudya chambiri monga mungayembekezere - ngakhale kumatha kupindulitsanso.

Zomwe zaposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuti zomwe mumadya ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa komwe zimachokera, popeza mayendedwe amangopanga pang'ono pokha chakudya chomwe chimatulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha (15).

Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusankha chakudya chocheperako, monga nkhuku, pachakudya chambiri kwambiri, monga ng'ombe, kumakhudza kwambiri - mosasamala kanthu komwe zakudya zachokera.

Izi zikunenedwa, gawo limodzi lomwe kudya komwe mungachepetseko mpweya wanu kumakhala ndi zakudya zowonongeka kwambiri, zomwe zimayenera kutumizidwa mwachangu chifukwa cha mashelufu awo afupiafupi.

Kawirikawiri, zakudya izi zimanyamula anthu mlengalenga, zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri mpweya wawo mpaka maulendo 50 kuposa mayendedwe apanyanja (2).

Izi zimaphatikizapo zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, monga katsitsumzukwa, nyemba zobiriwira, zipatso, ndi mananazi.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kokha chakudya chochepa kwambiri chimayenda paulendo wapaulendo - ambiri amatengedwa kudzera zombo zazikulu kapena pamalori pamtunda.

Izi zati, kudya kwanuko kumatha kukhala ndi maubwino ena, monga kuthandiza opanga kumaloko pogwiritsa ntchito njira zaulimi zokhazikika, kudya ndi nyengo, kudziwa komwe chakudya chanu chikuchokera, komanso momwe amapangidwira.

Kugwiritsa ntchito nyama yofiira pang'ono

Zakudya zamapuloteni, monga nyama, mkaka, ndi mazira, ndi pafupifupi 83% ya zakudya zathu (16).

Potengera zotsalira zonse za kaboni, ng'ombe ndi mwanawankhosa ndizomwe zili pamndandandawu.

Izi ndichifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri nthaka, zofunikira pakudyetsa, kukonza, ndikuyika.

Kuphatikiza apo, ng'ombe zimatulutsa methane m'matumbo awo panthawi yopukusa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitsatira kaboni.

Pomwe nyama zofiira zimatulutsa pafupifupi 60 kg ya ma CO2 ofanana pa kilogalamu ya nyama - mulingo wamba wa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha - zakudya zina zimakhala zochepa kwambiri (2).

Mwachitsanzo, ulimi wa nkhuku umapanga makilogalamu 6, nsomba 5 kg, ndi mazira 4.5 makilogalamu ofanana ndi CO2 pa kg ya nyama.

Poyerekeza, ndiwo mapaundi 132, mapaundi 13, mapaundi 11, ndi mapaundi 10 ofanana ndi CO2 pa paundi ya nyama ya nyama zofiira, nkhuku, nsomba, ndi mazira, motsatana.

Chifukwa chake, kudya nyama yofiyira yocheperako kumatha kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa kaboni wanu.

Kugula nyama yofiira yaudzu kuchokera kwa omwe amapanga zinthu mosadukiza kumatha kuchepetsa pang'ono mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, koma zomwe zikuwonetsazi zikuwonetsa kuti kuchepa kwa nyama yofiira, kumakhudza kwambiri ().

Idyani zomanga thupi zochulukirapo

Njira inanso yolimbikitsira kukhala odziwika bwino ndi kudya maproteni ambiri azomera.

Zakudya monga tofu, nyemba, nandolo, quinoa, nyemba za hemp, ndi mtedza zimakhala zotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mapuloteni ambiri azinyama (2).

Ngakhale zakudya zomanga thupi m'mapuloteni amtunduwu zimatha kusiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi mapuloteni azinyama, zomanga thupi zimatha kufanana ndi kukula kwamitundu yoyenera.

Kuphatikiza zowonjezera zowonjezera zomanga thupi muzakudya zanu sizitanthauza kuti muyenera kuthetseratu zakudya zanyama.

Njira imodzi yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe mumadya ndikutulutsa theka la mapuloteni mu Chinsinsi chokhala ndi chomera.

Mwachitsanzo, popanga chinsinsi cha chili, sinthanitsani theka la nyama yosungunuka kuti tofu iphulike.

Mwanjira imeneyi mudzapeza kununkhira kwa nyama, koma mwachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni azinyama, potero amachepetsa zotsalira za kaboni za chakudya chomwe chapatsidwa.

Chepetsani zonyansa

Gawo lomaliza lokhala omnivore wamakhalidwe omwe ndikufuna kukambirana ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chakudya.

Padziko lonse lapansi, zinyalala za chakudya zimapanga 6% ya mpweya wowonjezera kutentha (2, 19).

Ngakhale izi zimaganiziranso zotayika munthawi yamagetsi kuchokera kosungira kosavomerezeka ndi kusamalira, zambiri mwa izi ndizoponyedwa ndi ogulitsa ndi ogula.

Njira zina zothandiza zochepetsera kuwonongera chakudya ndi izi:

• kugula zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zachisanu ngati simukufuna kuzigwiritsa ntchito masiku angapo otsatira
• kugula nsomba zachisanu zosindikizidwa ndi zingwe, popeza nsomba ili ndi imodzi mwashelufu yayifupi kwambiri kuposa nyama zonse
• kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zodyedwa (mwachitsanzo, zimayambira za broccoli)
• kukagula bin yobalidwa ngati supermarket yakwanuko ili nayo
• osagula chakudya chochuluka kuposa momwe mumafunira kwakanthawi
• kuwunika masiku azakudya zowonongeka musanagule
• kukonzekera chakudya chanu sabata kuti mudziwe zomwe mugule
• kuzizira zakudya zowola zomwe simudzagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lotsatira kapena awiri
• kukonza furiji yanu ndi kabati yanu kuti mudziwe zomwe muli nazo
• kupanga katundu kuchokera m'mafupa otsala ndi masamba
• kulenga ndi maphikidwe kuti mugwiritse ntchito zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe mwakhala mukuzungulira

Phindu lina lowonjezera pakuchepetsa zakudya ndikuti lingakupulumutsireni ndalama zambiri pogula.

Yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina pamwambapa kuti muchepetse zinyalala zakudya ndi mpweya wanu.

Ngakhale kutulutsa kotulutsa chakudya sikungathetsedwe, pali njira zambiri zochepetsera. Njira zothandiza kwambiri pochitira izi ndikuphatikiza kudya nyama yofiira, kudya zomanga thupi zochulukirapo, ndikuchepetsa zinyalala.

Mfundo yofunika

Kupanga chakudya ndi komwe kumayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wapadziko lonse lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito nthaka, mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, komanso kuthira fetereza.

Ngakhale sitingapewe izi palimodzi, kudya mwamakhalidwe kumachepetsa kwambiri kuponda kwanu kwa kaboni.

Njira zazikuluzikulu zochitira izi ndikuphatikiza kuyang'anira nyama yofiira, kudya zomanga thupi zochulukirapo, ndikuchepetsa zinyalala.

Kuzindikira zisankho zanu zokhudzana ndi chakudya kumatha kuthandizira kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo chakudya chokwanira zaka zikubwerazi.