Njira Zothetsera Fuluwenza

Zamkati

• Mankhwala ndi chithandizo cha chimfine
• Njira zodzisamalira za chimfine
• Mankhwala owonjezera ogulitsa
• Kupweteka kumachepetsa
• Cough suppressants
• Odzichotsera
• Mankhwala osakaniza
• Mankhwala akuchipatala: Mankhwala a ma virus
• Katemera wa chimfine
• Ana: Q&A
• Funso:
• Yankho:

Mankhwala ndi chithandizo cha chimfine

Kuchiza chimfine makamaka kumatanthauza kuthetsa zizindikilo zazikulu mpaka thupi lanu lithetse matendawa.

Maantibayotiki sagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi chimfine chifukwa amayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo, osati mabakiteriya. Koma dokotala wanu angakupatseni maantibayotiki kuti athetse matenda aliwonse omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya. Mwinanso angakulimbikitseni kusamalira ndi kudzisamalira kuti muzitha kuchiritsa.

Njira zodzisamalira za chimfine

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha chimfine ayenera kupita kuchipatala mwachangu. Magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndi awa:

• akuluakulu azaka 65 kapena kupitilira apo
• azimayi omwe ali ndi pakati kapena mpaka milungu iwiri atabereka
• anthu omwe afooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi

Nthawi zambiri, chimfine chimangofunika kutha. Mankhwala abwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chimfine ndi kupumula kambiri komanso madzi ambiri.

Simungakhale ndi chilakolako chambiri, koma ndikofunikira kudya chakudya chokhazikika kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu.

Ngati n'kotheka, musakhale kuntchito kapena kusukulu. Musabwerere mpaka zizindikiro zanu zitatha.

Kuti muchepetse malungo, ikani nsalu yozizira komanso yonyowa pamphumi panu kapena musambe bwino.

Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito ochepetsa ululu (OTC) komanso ochepetsa malungo, monga acetaminophen (Tylenol) kapena ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).

Njira zina zodziyang'anira ndi izi:

• Khalani ndi mbale ya msuzi wotentha kuti muchepetse kusokonezeka kwammphuno.
• Gargle ndi madzi ofunda amchere kuti muchepetse zilonda zapakhosi.
• Pewani kumwa mowa.
• Lekani kusuta, ngati mumasuta.

Mankhwala owonjezera ogulitsa

Mankhwala a OTC sadzafupikitsa kutalika kwa chimfine, koma atha kuthandiza kuchepetsa zizindikilo.

Kupweteka kumachepetsa

OTC kupweteka kumachepetsa kumachepetsa kupweteka kwa mutu ndi msana ndi minofu yomwe nthawi zambiri imatsagana ndi chimfine.

Kuphatikiza pa ochepetsa malungo acetaminophen ndi ibuprofen, mankhwala othandizira ena opweteka ndi naproxen (Aleve) ndi aspirin (Bayer).

Komabe, aspirin sayenera kuperekedwa kwa ana kapena achinyamata kuti athetse matenda ngati chimfine. Zingayambitse matenda a Reye, omwe amachititsa kuti ubongo ndi chiwindi ziwonongeke. Ichi ndi matenda osowa koma owopsa ndipo nthawi zina amapha.

Cough suppressants

Cough suppressants amachepetsa chifuwa reflex. Zimathandiza kuthana ndi chifuwa chouma popanda ntchofu. Chitsanzo cha mtundu uwu wa mankhwala ndi dextromethorphan (Robitussin).

Odzichotsera

Ma decongestants amatha kupumula, mphuno yothinana chifukwa cha chimfine. Ma decongestant ena omwe amapezeka mu mankhwala a chimfine cha OTC ndi pseudoephedrine (ku Sudafed) ndi phenylephrine (mu DayQuil).

Anthu omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi nthawi zambiri amauzidwa kuti azipewa mankhwala amtunduwu, chifukwa amatha kukwera magazi.

Maso oyabwa kapena amadzimadzi sizizindikiro za chimfine. Koma ngati muli nawo, ma antihistamine amatha kuthandiza. Ma antihistamine am'badwo woyamba amakhala ndi zovuta zomwe zingakuthandizeninso kugona. Zitsanzo ndi izi:

• brompheniramine (Dimetapp)
• dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
• diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
• doxylamine (NyQuil)

Pofuna kupewa kugona, mungafunike kuyesa mankhwala am'badwo wachiwiri, monga:

• cetirizine (Zyrtec)
• fexofenadine (Allegra)
• Loratadine (Claritin, Alavert)

Mankhwala osakaniza

Mankhwala ambiri a chimfine ndi chimfine amaphatikiza magulu awiri kapena kupitilira apo. Izi zimawathandiza kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi. Kuyenda pansi kuzizirira ndi chimfine kanjira ku pharmacy kwanuko kukuwonetsani zosiyanasiyana.

Mankhwala akuchipatala: Mankhwala a ma virus

Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za chimfine ndikupewa zovuta zina. Mankhwalawa amateteza kachilomboka kukula ndikubwereza.

Pochepetsa kubwereza kwa ma virus ndikuthira, mankhwalawa amachepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda m'maselo mthupi. Izi zimathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuthana ndi kachilomboka moyenera. Amalola kuti achire mwachangu ndipo amachepetsa nthawi yomwe mumapatsirana.

Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma virus amatanthauza ma neuraminidase inhibitors:

• zanamivir (Relenza)
• oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
• zoopsa (Rapivab)

Anavomerezanso mankhwala atsopano otchedwa baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) mu Okutobala 2018. Itha kuchiza anthu azaka zapakati pa 12 kapena kupitilira apo omwe adakhala ndi zizindikiro za chimfine kwa maola ochepera 48. Imagwira mosiyana kuposa ma neuraminidase inhibitors.

Kuti zitheke bwino, mankhwala ochepetsa ma virus ayenera kumwa mkati mwa maola 48 kuyambira pomwe zizindikiro zimayamba. Ngati atatengedwa nthawi yomweyo, mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo angathandizenso kuchepetsa nthawi ya chimfine.

Mankhwala a mavairasi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popewera chimfine. Malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ma neuraminidase inhibitors ali ndi mwayi wopewera chimfine.

Pakubuka chimfine, dokotala nthawi zambiri amapatsa anthu omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu kutenga kachilomboka ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso katemera wa chimfine. Kuphatikizana uku kumathandizira kulimbikitsa chitetezo chawo kumatenda.

Anthu omwe sangathe kulandira katemera amatha kuthandizira chitetezo chamthupi mwa kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya ma virus. Anthu omwe sangathe kulandira katemera amaphatikizapo ana ochepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi komanso anthu omwe sagwirizana ndi katemerayu.

Komabe, CDC imalangiza kuti mankhwalawa sayenera kulowa m'malo mwa katemera wa chimfine wapachaka. Amachenjezanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mopitirira muyeso kungapangitse kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kumathandizanso kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu omwe amafunikira mankhwalawa kuti ateteze matenda obwera chifukwa cha chimfine.

Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya ma virus omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi awa:

• zanamivir (Relenza)
• oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

FDA Zanamivir yothandizira chimfine mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zosachepera zisanu ndi ziwiri. Zimavomerezedwa kupewa chimfine mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zosachepera 5. Imabwera ngati ufa ndipo imayendetsedwa kudzera pa inhaler.

Simuyenera kumwa zanamivir ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse la kupuma, monga mphumu kapena matenda am'mapapo amtsogolo. Zitha kupangitsa kuti mpweya usamayende bwino komanso kupuma movutikira.

Oseltamivir ndikuchiza chimfine mwa anthu azaka zilizonse ndikupewa chimfine mwa anthu omwe ali ndi miyezi itatu. Oseltamivir amatengedwa pakamwa ngati kapisozi.

Zomwe Tamiflu amatha kuyika anthu, makamaka ana ndi achinyamata, pachiwopsezo chodzisokoneza ndikudzivulaza.

Mankhwala onsewa amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina, kuphatikizapo:

• mutu wopepuka
• nseru
• kusanza

Nthawi zonse muzikambirana ndi dokotala zomwe zingachitike.

Katemera wa chimfine

Ngakhale sichithandizo kwenikweni, kuwombera chimfine chaka chilichonse kumathandiza kwambiri kupewa anthu. Awa amalimbikitsa aliyense wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena kupitilira apo kuti azidwala chimfine chaka chilichonse.

Nthawi yabwino yopatsidwa katemera ndi mu Okutobala kapena Novembala. Izi zimapatsa thupi lanu nthawi yopanga ma antibodies ku matenda a chimfine kumapeto kwa chimfine. Ku United States, nyengo ya chimfine yayikulu ili kulikonse.

Katemera wa chimfine si aliyense. Funsani dokotala wanu posankha ngati achibale anu ayenera kulandira katemerayu kapena ayi.

Ana: Q&A

Funso:

Ndi mankhwala ati a chimfine omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa ana?

Yankho:

Katemera wa pachaka ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera ana ku chimfine. Katemera wa amayi apakati amateteza ngakhale mwana kwa miyezi ingapo atabadwa. Komabe, ngati matenda adakalipo, mankhwala a antiviral angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikilo. Mankhwala amtunduwu amafuna mankhwala ochokera kwa dokotala. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhala aukhondo, kupewa omwe akudwala, komanso kupeza madzi ambiri ndikupumula mukuchira kumathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi kumenya kachilomboka. Pofuna kuchiza malungo kapena ululu wokhudzana ndi chimfine, acetaminophen imatha kutengedwa itatha miyezi itatu, kapena ibuprofen imatha kumwa pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.