Hantavirus: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro komanso momwe mungachiritsire matenda a Hantavirus

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe matendawa amapangidwira
• Njira yotumizira
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Momwe mungapewere hantavirus

Hantavirus ndi matenda opatsirana oyambitsidwa ndi Hantavirus, womwe ndi kachilombo ka banja Bunyaviridae ndipo zimapezekanso mu ndowe, mkodzo ndi malovu a makoswe, makamaka mbewa zakutchire.

Nthawi zambiri, kachilomboka kamachitika ndikulowetsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayimitsidwa mlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonekere patadutsa milungu iwiri mutakumana ndi kachilomboka. Zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za matendawa ndi malungo, kusanza, kupweteka mutu komanso kupweteka mthupi, kuphatikiza pakuphatikizika kwamapapu, mtima kapena impso, zomwe zingakhale zovuta kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, ngati matenda a hantavirus akukayikiridwa, ndikofunikira kuti munthuyo apite kuchipatala kukamupima ndikuyamba chithandizo, zomwe zimachitika kudzera munjira zothandizirana, popeza palibe mankhwala enieni. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsanso kuti njira zithandizire kupewa matendawa, kupewa zinyalala zomwe zitha kubisalira makoswe m'nyumba, kupewa kufumbi komwe kumatsekedwa komanso komwe kumatha kusungira makoswe nthawi zonse ndikusunga chakudya chosungidwa Wodetsedwa ndi makoswe.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda a hantavirus zimatha kuoneka pakati pa masiku 5 mpaka 60 (pafupifupi milungu iwiri) mutadwala, ndi malungo, mutu, kutopa, kupweteka kwa minofu, nseru, kusanza kapena kupweteka m'mimba. Vuto loyambali ndilopanda tanthauzo komanso lovuta kusiyanitsa ndi matenda ena monga chimfine, dengue kapena leptospirosis.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zikawonekera, zimadziwika kuti ziwalo zina zimasokonekera, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kachilomboko kakufalikira ndipo matendawa ayamba kale kupita patsogolo. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuti pali:

• Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (SCPH), momwe zizindikiro za kupuma zimawonekera, ndikukhosomola, kupanga sputum ndi ntchofu ndi magazi komanso kupuma movutikira, komwe kumatha kupita kupuma kokwanira chifukwa chakuchulukana kwamadzimadzi m'mapapu, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kugwa kwa kayendedwe ka magazi;
• Matenda a Hemorrhagic ndi Renal Syndrome (FHSR), momwe matendawa amatha kuyambitsa vuto la impso, kuchepa kwa mkodzo, wotchedwa oliguria, kudzikundikira kwa urea m'magazi, kufinya ndi petechiae mthupi, chiopsezo chakutuluka magazi komanso kulephera kwa ziwalo zingapo.

Kuchira kumachitika nthawi zambiri munthuyo akapatsidwa chithandizo choyenera kuchipatala, chomwe chimatha masiku 15 mpaka 60, ndipo nkutheka kuti sequelae monga kulephera kwa impso kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi kungakhalebe.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Kuzindikira kwa hantavirus kumachitika kudzera m'mayeso a labotale kuti athe kuzindikira ma antibodies olimbana ndi kachilomboka kapena genome ya virus, kutsimikizira matendawa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa adotolo za zizolowezi za moyo, kaya mwakhala mukukumana ndi makoswe kapena ngati mudakhala m'malo owonongeka.

Njira yotumizira

Njira yayikulu yopatsira kachilombo ka hantavirus ndi kudzera mwa kupuma tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timachotsedwa m'chilengedwe kudzera mumkodzo ndi ndowe za makoswe omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, ndipo zimatha kuyimitsidwa mlengalenga limodzi ndi fumbi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizothekanso kukhala ndi kuipitsidwa kudzera pakukhudzana ndi kachilomboka ndi mabala pakhungu kapena mamina, kumwa madzi kapena chakudya chodetsedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito makoswe mu labotale kapena kuluma kwa khoswe, komabe izi ndizochulukirapo kawirikawiri kuchitika.

Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda ndi omwe amagwira ntchito yoyeretsa malo osungira ndi nkhokwe zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi makoswe komanso malo obwezeretsanso nkhalango, anthu omwe amakonda kugula zakudya kapena anthu omwe amakhala mumisasa kapena kukwera m'malo amtchire.

Ku Brazil, zigawo zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi hantavirus ndi South, Southeast ndi Midwest, makamaka zigawo zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi ulimi, ngakhale pakhoza kukhala kuipitsidwa kulikonse.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha hantavirus ndikuchepetsa zizindikilo za matendawa, ndipo palibe mankhwala ena aliwonse othetsera kachilomboka. Chithandizochi chimachitika mchipatala ndipo, pamavuto akulu kwambiri, ngakhale m'malo osamalira odwala (ICU).

Mukamalandira chithandizo, ndikofunikira kuthandizira kupuma, chifukwa cha kukula kwa matenda am'mimba, kuphatikiza pakuwongolera ntchito yaimpso ndi zina zofunika, nthawi zina kungakhale kofunikira kuchita hemodialysis kapena kupuma ndi zida.

Momwe mungapewere hantavirus

Pofuna kupewa hantavirus matenda tikulimbikitsidwa:

• Sungani malo oyandikana ndi nyumbayo kukhala opanda udzu ndi zinyalala zomwe zingakhale ndi mbewa;
• Pewani malo osesa kapena fumbi omwe amatha kuwoloka makoswe, posankha kupukuta ndi nsalu yonyowa;
• Mukamalowa m'malo omwe akhala otseka kwanthawi yayitali, yesani kutsegula mawindo ndi zitseko kuti mpweya ndi kuyatsa zilowemo;
• Nthawi zonse sungani chakudya chosungidwa bwino komanso chosowa makoswe;
• Tsukani ziwiya za kukhitchini zomwe zasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, musanagwiritse ntchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuti muzitsuka mmanja mwanu ndi chakudya musanadye, chifukwa zimatha kukhala ndi tizilomboto ta ma virus. Umu ndi momwe mungasambire bwino m'manja powonera vidiyo iyi: