Hyponatremia: ndi chiyani, momwe amathandizidwira komanso zimayambitsa zazikulu

Zamkati

• Zoyambitsa zazikulu
• Momwe mungadziwire
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Zizindikiro zazikulu

Hyponatremia ndikuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa sodium poyerekeza ndi madzi, omwe pamayeso amwazi amawonetsedwa ndimitengo yochepera 135 mEq / L. Kusintha uku ndikowopsa, chifukwa kutsika kwa sodium m'magazi, kumawonjezera kuopsa kwa zizindikilo, ndi edema yaubongo, khunyu ndipo, nthawi zina, chikomokere.

Kuchepa kwa sodium m'magazi kumakhala kofala kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali mchipatala, chifukwa chake, amayenera kuyesa magazi nthawi zonse. Chithandizo cha hyponatremia chimachitika posintha kuchuluka kwa sodium m'magazi kudzera mu kasamalidwe ka seramu, yomwe imayenera kuperekedwa ndi dokotala pamlingo wofunikira malinga ndi vuto lililonse.

Zoyambitsa zazikulu

Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa sodium m'magazi kumachokera ku matenda aliwonse omwe amachititsa kuti madzi omwe amachotsedwa ndi thupi achepe, kapena madzi akachuluka mumwazi, kuti sodium isungunuke.

Vasopressin ndiye mahomoni omwe amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi mthupi, kumasulidwa ndimatumbo a pituitary pakakhala magazi ochepa, kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena pakakhala sodium yochulukirapo. Komabe, nthawi zina pangakhale kusowa kwa kuchuluka kwa vasopressin yopangidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa hyponatremia. Chifukwa chake, zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa hyponatremia ndi izi:

• Kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi, omwe amachitika matenda ashuga;
• Kusanza kapena kutsegula m'mimba, komwe kumayambitsa hyponatremia ndi hypernatremia;
• Matenda omwe amadzikundikira madzimadzi mthupi, monga mtima kulephera, chiwindi cha chiwindi, hypothyroidism yayikulu komanso kulephera kwamtima;
• Matenda ndi mikhalidwe yomwe imatulutsa vasopressin yochulukirapo;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amatha kusunga madzi, monga mankhwala ena osagwiritsa ntchito zotupa;
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso, monga marathons, omwe amalimbikitsa thupi kupanga mahomoni odana ndi diuretic, kuphatikiza pakumwa madzi ambiri;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga Ecstasy;
• Kumwa kwambiri zakumwa, monga mowa, tiyi, ngakhale madzi.

Kumwa madzi ambiri mpaka kuyambitsa hyponatremia kumatha kuchitika m'maganizo, monga potomania, momwe mowa umamwezera mopitirira muyeso, kapena psychogenic polydipsia, momwe munthuyo amamwa madzi ambiri kuposa momwe amafunikira.

Kwa othamanga, choyenera sichofunika kumwa mopitirira muyeso pakumwa nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, chifukwa pafupifupi 150 ml ya madzi ola limodzi lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndilokwanira. Ngati mukumva ludzu kwambiri kuposa izi, muyenera kumwa chakumwa china cha isotonic, monga Gatorade, yomwe ili ndi michere yofunika, yosunga magazi.

Momwe mungadziwire

Matenda a hyponatremia amapangidwa poyesa sodium m'magazi, momwe ndende zosakwana 135 mEq / L zimatsimikiziridwa. Momwemo, mfundo za sodium ziyenera kukhala pakati pa 135 ndi 145 mEq / L.

Kuzindikira komwe kumayambitsa izi kumachitika ndi dotolo, yemwe amafufuza zosintha kuchokera ku mbiri yazachipatala ndi mayeso ena amwazi, monga kuwunika kwa impso, chiwindi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi mkodzo, zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa gwero la kusintha.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Pofuna kuchiza hyponatremia, adotolo ayenera kuzindikira kukula kwa zizindikilozo, komanso ngati kusintha kwowopsa kapena kosatha kumasintha. Ngati pachimake pachimake cha hyponatremia, kapena ngati chimayambitsa zizindikilo, m'malo mwa seramu wokhala ndi sodium wochulukirapo, yomwe ndi yankho la hypertonic saline.

Kusintha kumeneku kuyenera kuwerengedwa mosamala, kutengera zosowa za sodium za munthu aliyense ndikuzichita pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwama sodium kapena sodium yochulukirapo, yomwe ndi hypernatremia, kumathanso kukhala koopsa m'maselo aubongo. Dziwani zambiri pazomwe zimayambitsa komanso momwe mungathandizire hypernatremia.

Matenda a hyponatremia amathanso kuthandizidwa ndi hypertonic saline kapena saline, ndipo kuwongolera mwachangu sikofunikira, chifukwa thupi limayamba kusintha kuzolowera. M'mikhalidwe yofatsa, njira ina ndikuletsa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe mumamwa tsikulo, zomwe zingapangitse magazi kukhala ndi madzi ndi mchere wabwino.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro za hyponatremia ndizolimba kwambiri pamene kuchuluka kwa sodium kumachepa m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, pakhoza kukhala mutu, nseru, kusanza ndi kugona, mwachitsanzo. Magawo akakhala otsika kwambiri, ndizotheka kuti pamakhala khunyu, kupindika kwa minofu ndi kukomoka.

Hyponatremia yomwe imayambitsa matenda amawerengedwa kuti ndiwopsa kwachipatala ndipo iyenera kuwonedwa ndikuchiritsidwa mwachangu.