Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Ana mu HIV

Zamkati

• Nchiyani chimayambitsa kachilombo ka HIV mwa ana?
• Kufalitsa ofukula
• Kutumiza kopingasa
• Zizindikiro za HIV mwa ana ndi achinyamata
• Kodi amapezeka bwanji?
• Amachizidwa bwanji?
• Katemera ndi HIV
• Tengera kwina

Chithandizo cha HIV chafika patali mzaka zaposachedwa. Masiku ano, ana ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amakula msinkhu.

HIV ndi kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Izi zimapangitsa ana omwe ali ndi HIV kukhala pachiwopsezo chotenga kachirombo ndi matenda. Chithandizo choyenera chingathandize kupewa matenda ndikuteteza HIV kuti isafalikire ku Edzi.

Pitirizani kuwerenga pamene tikukambirana zomwe zimayambitsa kachilombo ka HIV mwa ana komanso zovuta zapadera zothandizira ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa kachilombo ka HIV mwa ana?

Kufalitsa ofukula

Mwana akhoza kubadwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena angatenge kachilombo atangobadwa. HIV yomwe imapezeka m'chiberekero imatchedwa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka kapena kufalikira molunjika.

Kufala kwa kachilombo ka HIV kwa ana kumatha kuchitika:

• panthawi yoyembekezera (kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana kudzera m'mimba)
• panthawi yobereka (kudzera pakusamutsidwa kwa magazi kapena madzi ena)
• pamene mukuyamwitsa

Zachidziwikire, sikuti aliyense amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angamupatse mwana wake, makamaka akamatsatira mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV.

Padziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV mukakhala ndi pakati kumatsikira pansi pa 5% ndikulowererapo, malinga ndi. Popanda kuchitapo kanthu, kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati ndi pafupifupi 15 mpaka 45 peresenti.

Ku United States, kufala kochokera ndi njira yofala kwambiri yomwe ana osakwana zaka 13 amatenga HIV.

Kutumiza kopingasa

Kufala kwachiwiri, kapena kufalikira kopingasa, ndipamene kachilombo ka HIV kamasamutsidwa ndi kukhudzana ndi umuna womwe uli ndi kachilomboka, ukazi kapena ukazi.

Matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yomwe achinyamata amatengera kachilombo ka HIV. Kupatsirana kumatha kuchitika mukamaliseche, m'kamwa, kapena kumatako osatetezedwa.

Achinyamata sangagwiritse ntchito njira zolerera nthawi zonse, kapena kuzigwiritsa ntchito moyenera. Mwina sangadziwe kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndipo angakathe kupatsirana kwa ena.

Kusagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchinga ngati kondomu, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika, kumatha kubweretsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda opatsirana pogonana, omwe amachulukitsanso chiopsezo chotenga kapena kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV.

Ana ndi achinyamata omwe amagawana singano, jakisoni, ndi zinthu zofanananso ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

HIV imatha kufalikira kudzera m'magazi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka m'malo azisamaliro, nawonso. Izi zikuchitika kwambiri kumadera ena adziko lapansi kuposa ena. Malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ili ku United States.

HIV sikufalikira kudzera:

• kulumidwa ndi tizilombo
• malovu
• thukuta
• misozi
• kukumbatirana

Simungathe kuzgawana nawo:

• matawulo kapena zofunda
• kumwa magalasi kapena ziwiya zodyera
• mipando ya chimbudzi kapena maiwe osambira

Zizindikiro za HIV mwa ana ndi achinyamata

Khanda silingakhale ndi zizindikiritso zoyambirira poyamba. Pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimafooka, mutha kuyamba kuzindikira:

• kusowa mphamvu
• kukula ndikuchedwa kukula
• kutentha thupi, thukuta
• kutsegula m'mimba pafupipafupi
• ma lymph node owonjezera
• matenda obwerezabwereza kapena a nthawi yayitali omwe samayankha bwino kuchipatala
• kuonda
• kulephera kukula bwino

Zizindikiro zimasiyanasiyana kuyambira mwana mpaka mwana komanso msinkhu. Ana ndi achinyamata atha kukhala ndi:

• zotupa pakhungu
• kutulutsa pakamwa
• yisiti matenda pafupipafupi
• kukulitsa chiwindi kapena ndulu
• matenda am'mapapo
• mavuto a impso
• kukumbukira ndi kusinkhasinkha mavuto
• zotupa zabwino kapena zoyipa

Ana omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV osachiritsidwa amakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga zinthu monga:

• nthomba
• zomangira
• nsungu
• matenda a chiwindi
• m'chiuno yotupa matenda
• chibayo
• meninjaitisi

Kodi amapezeka bwanji?

HIV imapezeka pofufuza magazi, koma imatha kutenga mayeso opitilira umodzi.

Matendawa amatha kutsimikiziridwa ngati magazi ali ndi ma antibodies a HIV. Koma kumayambiriro kwa matenda, magulu a antibody sangakhale okwanira kuti adziwe.

Ngati kuyezetsa kulibe koma kachilombo ka HIV kakuganiziridwa, kuyezetsa kumatha kubwerezedwa miyezi itatu komanso miyezi 6.

Wachinyamata akapezeka ndi kachirombo ka HIV, onse omwe amagonana nawo komanso anthu omwe adagawana nawo singano kapena ma syringe ayenera kudziwitsidwa kuti nawonso akayesedwe ndikuyamba chithandizo, ngati pakufunika kutero.

Mu 2018, milandu yatsopano ya CDC ku United States ndi zaka monga:

Amachizidwa bwanji?

HIV mwina singakhale ndi mankhwala apano, koma imatha kuchiritsidwa ndikuwongoleredwa. Masiku ano, ana ndi akulu omwe ali ndi HIV amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi.

Chithandizo chachikulu cha ana ndi chimodzimodzi ndi akulu: mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV. Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachirombo ka HIV komanso mankhwala ake amathandiza kupewa kufalikira kwa kachirombo ka HIV komanso kufala kwake.

Chithandizo cha ana chimafunikira zofunikira zingapo. Zaka, kukula, ndi gawo lakukula zonse ndizofunika ndipo ziyenera kuwunikidwanso mwanayo akamakula mpaka kukula.

Zina zofunika kuziganizira ndi monga:

• kuopsa kwa kachirombo ka HIV
• chiopsezo chakukula
• matenda am'mbuyomu komanso amakono okhudzana ndi HIV
• zoopsa zazifupi komanso zazitali
• zotsatira zoyipa
• ankachita mankhwala

Kuwunika mwadongosolo mu 2014 kunapeza kuti kuyamba mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV atangobadwa kumawonjezera nthawi ya moyo wa khanda, kumachepetsa matenda akulu, komanso kumachepetsa mwayi woti kachilombo ka HIV kadzapitirira kukhala Edzi.

Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV amatanthauza kuphatikiza mitundu itatu ya ma ARV.

Posankha mankhwala omwe agwiritse ntchito, othandizira azaumoyo amalingalira za kuthekera kokana mankhwala, zomwe zingakhudze njira zamtsogolo zamankhwala. Mankhwala ayenera kusintha nthawi ndi nthawi.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakuthandizira ma ARV ndikutsatira njira zamankhwala. Malinga ndi WHO, pamafunika kutsatira kwambiri kuposa kupatsirana kwa kachilomboka.

Kutsatira kumatanthauza kumwa mankhwala monga momwe adanenera. Izi zitha kukhala zovuta kwa ana, makamaka ngati akuvutika kumeza mapiritsi kapena akufuna kupewa zovuta zina. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, mankhwala ena amapezeka mumadzimadzi kapena mankhwala kuti ana asavutike.

Makolo ndi omwe akusamalira amafunikanso kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi omwe amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala. Nthawi zina, uphungu wabanja ungakhale wothandiza kwa aliyense wokhudzidwayo.

Achinyamata omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angafunikenso:

• upangiri waumoyo ndi magulu othandizira
• upangiri waubereki, kuphatikiza zakulera, zizolowezi zogonana, komanso pakati
• kuyezetsa matenda opatsirana pogonana
• Kuwunika kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
• kuthandizira kusintha kosavuta kuchipatala

Kafukufuku wokhudza kachilombo ka HIV mwa ana akupitilira. Malangizo othandizira akhoza kusinthidwa pafupipafupi.

Onetsetsani kuti mukudziwitsa mwana wanu zaumoyo za kusintha kwatsopano kapena kusintha, komanso zoyipa zamankhwala. Musazengereze kufunsa mafunso okhudza thanzi komanso chithandizo cha mwana wanu.

Katemera ndi HIV

Ngakhale mayesero azachipatala akuchitika, pakadali pano palibe katemera wovomerezeka wopewa kapena kuchizira HIV.

Koma chifukwa HIV imalepheretsa thupi lanu kulimbana ndi matenda, ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi HIV ayenera kulandira katemera wa matenda ena.

Katemera wamoyo amatha kuyambitsa chitetezo chamthupi, chifukwa chake akapezeka, anthu omwe ali ndi HIV ayenera kulandira katemera wosagwira.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akhoza kukulangizani za nthawi ndi zina za katemera. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• varicella (nkhuku, zipilala)
• matenda a chiwindi B
• papillomavirus yaumunthu (HPV)
• fuluwenza
• chikuku, chikuku, ndi rubella (MMR)
• meningococcal oumitsa khosi
• chibayo
• poliyo
• kafumbata, diphtheria, ndi pertussis (Tdap)
• chiwindi A

Mukamayenda kunja kwa dziko, katemera wina, monga yemwe amateteza ku kolera kapena yellow fever, amathanso kulangizidwa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu musanapite kudziko lina.

Tengera kwina

Kukula ndi kachilombo ka HIV kumatha kubweretsa zovuta kwa ana ndi makolo, koma kutsatira mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV - komanso kukhala ndi chithandizo champhamvu - zitha kuthandiza ana ndi achinyamata kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, wokhutira.

Pali ntchito zambiri zothandizira ana, mabanja awo, ndi osamalira. Kuti mumve zambiri, funsani othandizira zaumoyo wa mwana wanu kuti akutumizireni m'magulu am'dera lanu, kapena mutha kuyimbira foni ku HIV / AIDS m'chigawo chanu.