Momwe Mungapewere Matenda a Dementia: Kodi Ndizotheka?

Zamkati

• Kodi dementia ndi chiyani?
• Kodi mungapewe matenda amisala?
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Idyani bwino
• Osasuta
• Kumwa mowa pang'ono
• Sungani malingaliro anu
• Sinthani thanzi lathunthu
• Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a dementia?
• Kodi Zizindikiro za Dementia ndi ziti?
• Kodi matenda a dementia amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi matenda a dementia amachiritsidwa bwanji?
• Kodi malingaliro a anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala ndi otani?
• Mfundo yofunika

Kukumbukira komwe kumazimiririka sikachilendo mukamakalamba, koma matenda amisala ndizambiri kuposa izi. Si mbali yachibadwa ya ukalamba.

Pali zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chamatenda amisala, kapena muchepetse. Koma chifukwa zina mwazi zomwe simungathe kuzilamulira, simungazipewe kwathunthu.

Tiyeni tiwone bwino zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amisala ndi zomwe mungachite pakadali pano kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu.

Kodi dementia ndi chiyani?

Dementia ndi nthawi yama bulangeti yanthawi yayitali, yotayika kwamalingaliro. Si matenda, koma gulu lazizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya dementia, Alzheimer komanso non-Alzheimer.

Matenda a Alzheimer ndi omwe amayambitsa matenda a misala. Dementia ya matenda a Alzheimer imaphatikizapo kukumbukira kukumbukira, komanso kuwonongeka kwa ntchito zina zaubongo monga:

• chilankhulo
• kulankhula
• malingaliro

Matenda a Alzheimer omwe alibe matenda a Alzheimer amakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa lobot ya kutsogolo, ndi mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu. Mtundu umodzi umakhudza kwambiri zolankhula. Mtundu wina umaphatikizapo:

• kusintha kwamakhalidwe
• kusintha kwa umunthu
• kusowa chidwi
• kutaya zosefera pagulu
• mphwayi
• vuto ndi kukonzekera komanso kukonzekera

M'matendawa osakhala a Alzheimer, kukumbukira kukumbukira kumawonekera pambuyo pake pakukula kwamatenda. Chifukwa chachiwiri chofala kwambiri ndimatenda am'mimba. Matenda ena omwe si a Alzheimer ndi awa:

• Lewy kudwala thupi
• Matenda a Parkinson
• Matenda a Pick

Dementia yosakanikirana ndi pomwe pamakhala zifukwa zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's yemwenso ali ndi vuto la misala amakhala ndi misala.

Kodi mungapewe matenda amisala?

Mitundu ina ya matenda amisala imachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe simungathe kuzilamulira. Koma pali zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amisala komanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.

Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi kumathandizira kuchepetsa kufooka kwa matenda amisala. A adawonetsa kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kutha kuchepa kwa hippocampus, gawo laubongo lomwe limayang'anira kukumbukira.

Kafukufuku wina wa 2019 adawulula kuti okalamba okangalika amakhala ndi luso lotha kuzindikira kuposa omwe sachita zambiri. Izi zinali choncho ngakhale kwa omwe adatenga nawo gawo omwe anali ndi zotupa zaubongo kapena ma biomarkers olumikizidwa ndi matenda amisala.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi kumathandizanso kuti muchepetse thupi, kufalitsa, kukhala ndi thanzi lamtima, komanso kusinthasintha, zomwe zingakhudze chiwopsezo cha matenda amisala.

Ngati muli ndi matenda aakulu, kambiranani ndi dokotala musanayambe njira yatsopano yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndipo ngati simunachite masewera olimbitsa thupi kwakanthawi, yambani pang'ono, mwina mphindi 15 patsiku. Sankhani zolimbitsa thupi zosavuta ndikumangirira kuchokera pamenepo. Gwiritsani ntchito njira yanu mpaka:

• Mphindi 150 pa sabata ya masewera olimbitsa thupi, monga kuyenda mwachangu, kapena
• Mphindi 75 pa sabata zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, monga kuthamanga

Kawiri pa sabata, onjezerani zinthu zosagwirizana ndi minofu yanu, monga kukankha, kukhala pansi, kapena kunyamula zolemera.

Masewera ena, monga tenisi, amatha kupereka maphunziro okana komanso othamangitsa nthawi yomweyo. Pezani zomwe mumakonda ndikusangalala nazo.

Yesetsani kuti musawononge nthawi yayitali pansi kapena kugona masana. Pangani mayendedwe patsogolo tsiku lililonse.

Idyani bwino

Zakudya zabwino kwa mtima ndizabwino kuubongo komanso thanzi lathunthu. Kudya koyenera kumatha kuchepetsa ngozi zomwe zingayambitse matenda amisala. Malinga ndi, chakudya chamagulu chimakhala ndi:

• zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba
• mphodza ndi nyemba
• mbewu, tubers, kapena mizu
• mazira, mkaka, nsomba, nyama yowonda

Zinthu zomwe muyenera kupewa kapena kuzisunga ndi:

• mafuta odzaza
• mafuta nyama
• shuga
• mchere

Zakudya zanu ziyenera kukhala ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Pewani zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwambiri zomwe sizimapatsa thanzi.

Osasuta

akuwonetsa kuti kusuta kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda amisala, makamaka ngati muli ndi zaka 65 kapena kupitilira apo. Kusuta kumakhudza kuzungulira kwa magazi kuzungulira thupi lanu, kuphatikiza mitsempha yamaubongo anu.

Ngati mumasuta, koma zikukuvutani kusiya, kambiranani ndi adotolo za mapulogalamu osuta.

Kumwa mowa pang'ono

akuwonetsa kuti kumwa kwambiri mowa kumatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu pamitundu yonse ya matenda amisala, kuphatikiza matenda amisala koyambirira. Pakadali pano amatanthauzira kumwa pang'ono ngati chakumwa chimodzi patsiku kwa azimayi mpaka awiri kwa amuna.

Chakumwa chimodzi chimakhala chofanana ndi ma ouniti .6 a mowa weniweni. Izi zimamasulira kuti:

• Ma ola 12 a mowa ndi 5% ya mowa
• Ma ounces 5 a vinyo ndi 12% ya mowa
• Ma ola 1.5 a mizimu 80 yosungunuka ndi 40% ya mowa

Sungani malingaliro anu

Lingaliro logwira ntchito lingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda amisala, chifukwa chake pitilizani kudziyesa nokha. Zitsanzo zina zingakhale:

• phunzirani china chatsopano, ngati chilankhulo chatsopano
• kuchita masamu ndi kusewera masewera
• werengani mabuku ovuta
• phunzirani kuwerenga nyimbo, kutenga chida, kapena kuyamba kulemba
• khalani ochezeka: kulumikizana ndi ena kapena kulowa nawo zochitika pagulu
• kudzipereka

Sinthani thanzi lathunthu

Kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kumathandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda amisala, chifukwa chake khalani ndi thupi pachaka. Onani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za:

• kukhumudwa
• kutaya kumva
• mavuto ogona

Sinthani mikhalidwe yomwe ilipo monga:

• matenda ashuga
• matenda amtima
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• cholesterol yambiri

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a dementia?

Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amisala chimakula ndi ukalamba. Pafupifupi anthu azaka zopitilira 60 ali ndi matenda amisala, atero a WHO.

Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse chiopsezo cha matenda amisala ndi monga:

• atherosclerosis
• kukhumudwa
• matenda ashuga
• Matenda a Down
• kutaya kumva
• HIV
• Matenda a Huntington
• hydrocephalus
• Matenda a Parkinson
• zikwapu zazing'ono, zovuta zamitsempha

Zowonjezera zingaphatikizepo:

• kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• kunenepa kwambiri
• kusadya bwino
• kumenyedwa mobwerezabwereza kumutu
• kukhala pansi
• kusuta

Kodi Zizindikiro za Dementia ndi ziti?

Dementia ndi gulu lazizindikiro zomwe zimakhudza kukumbukira, kulingalira, kuganiza, momwe akumvera, umunthu, ndi machitidwe. Zizindikiro zoyambirira ndi izi:

• kuyiwala
• kubwereza zinthu
• kusokoneza zinthu
• chisokonezo chokhudza madeti ndi nthawi
• kuvuta kupeza mawu oyenera
• kusintha kwa malingaliro kapena kakhalidwe
• kusintha zofuna

Zizindikiro zamtsogolo zitha kuphatikiza:

• kukulitsa mavuto okumbukira
• zovuta kupitiriza zokambirana
• kuvuta kumaliza ntchito zosavuta monga kulipira ngongole kapena kugwiritsa ntchito foni
• kunyalanyaza ukhondo wamunthu
• kusalinganika bwino, kugwa
• Kulephera kuthetsa mavuto
• kusintha kwa magonedwe
• kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa, kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka
• nkhawa, chisoni, kukhumudwa
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo

Kodi matenda a dementia amapezeka bwanji?

Kukumbukira sikutanthauza nthenda ya dementi nthawi zonse.Zomwe poyamba zimawoneka ngati matenda amisala zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda ochiritsika, monga:

• mavitamini
• zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala
• ntchito yachilendo ya chithokomiro
• yachibadwa kuthamanga hydrocephalus

Kuzindikira matenda amisala ndi chifukwa chake kumakhala kovuta. Palibe mayeso amodzi oti muwone. Mitundu ina ya matenda amisala siyingatsimikizidwe mpaka atamwalira.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiritso za dementia, dokotala wanu angayambe ndi mbiri yanu yachipatala, kuphatikizapo:

• mbiri yakubanja ya matenda amisala
• zizindikiro zenizeni komanso pomwe adayamba
• matenda ena omwe amapezeka
• mankhwala

Kuyezetsa kwanu mwakuthupi kungaphatikizepo kuyang'ana:

• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• mahomoni, vitamini, ndi mayeso ena amwazi
• malingaliro
• kuwunika moyenera
• kuyankha kwakanthawi

Kutengera zotsatira, dotolo woyang'anira wamkulu atha kukutumizirani kwa katswiri wazamaubongo kuti muwunikenso. Mayeso ozindikira ndi a neuropsychological atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika:

• kukumbukira
• kuthetsa mavuto
• luso la chilankhulo
• luso la masamu

Dokotala wanu amathanso kuyitanitsa:

• kuyesa kwa ubongo
• mayesero a chibadwa
• kuwunika kwamisala

Kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito omwe amasokoneza ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku atha kupezeka ngati matenda amisala. Kuyesa kwa labu ndi kulingalira kwa ubongo kumatha kuthandizira kupatula kapena kutsimikizira matenda ena ngati omwe amayambitsa.

Ngati inu, kapena munthu amene mumamukonda ali ndi matenda a misala, mabungwe otsatirawa akhoza kukuthandizani kapena kukutumizirani kuzithandizo.

• Alzheimer's Association: Free, chinsinsi chothandizira: 800-272-3900
• Lewy Body Dementia Association: Lewy Line ya mabanja ndi osamalira: 800-539-9767
• Mgwirizano Wadziko Lonse Wosamalira
• Dipatimenti Yachilengedwe ya U.S.

Kodi matenda a dementia amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Mankhwala a matenda a Alzheimer ndi awa:

• cholinesterase inhibitors: donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), ndi galantamine (Razadyne)
• Wotsutsa wa NMDA wolandila: memantine (Namenda)

Mankhwalawa amatha kuthandizira kukumbukira magwiridwe antchito. Amatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda a Alzheimer's, koma samaletsa. Mankhwalawa amathanso kuperekedwera ma dementia ena, monga matenda a Parkinson, matenda am'magazi a Lewy, komanso matenda amisala.

Dokotala wanu amathanso kukupatsirani mankhwala azizindikiro zina, monga:

• kukhumudwa
• kusokonezeka kwa tulo
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo
• kubvutika

Thandizo lantchito lingathandize pazinthu monga:

• njira zothetsera mavuto
• makhalidwe otetezeka
• kasamalidwe ka khalidwe
• kuswa ntchito kukhala njira zosavuta

Kodi malingaliro a anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala ndi otani?

Mitundu ina ya matenda amisala imatha kuchiritsidwa ndikusinthidwa, makamaka chifukwa cha:

• Kuperewera kwa B-12 ndi zovuta zina zamagetsi
• kuchuluka kwa ubongo wamtsempha wamtsempha muubongo (yodziwika kuthamanga kwa hydrocephalus)
• kukhumudwa
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa
• hypoglycemia
• hypothyroidism
• subdural hematoma kutsatira kuvulala kwamutu
• zotupa zomwe zimatha kuchotsedwa opaleshoni

Mitundu yambiri ya matenda amisala siyosinthika kapena yochiritsika, komabe imachiritsidwa. Izi ndi monga zoyambitsidwa ndi:

• Matenda a dementia
• Matenda a Alzheimer
• Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob
• Matenda a Parkinson
• dementia ya mtima

Kulosera kwanu kumadalira pazinthu zambiri, monga:

• chifukwa cha matenda amisala
• kuyankha chithandizo
• msinkhu komanso thanzi lathunthu

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuthandizani kuti mumvetsetse bwino momwe mumaonera zinthu.

Mfundo yofunika

Dementia ndi gulu lazizindikiro zomwe zimakhudza kukumbukira komanso ntchito zina zamaganizidwe. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda amisala ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, kenako ndi matenda a dementia.

Mitundu ina ya matenda amisala imachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe simungasinthe. Koma zosankha pamoyo zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, chakudya chamagulu, komanso kulumikizana m'maganizo zitha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda amisala.