Kulephera kwa Mitral: ndi chiyani, madigiri, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Madigiri obwezeretsa mitral
• 1. Kubwezeretsanso pang'ono kwa mitral
• 2. Kusintha kwapakatikati kwamiyeso
• 3. Kubwezeretsanso kwakukulu kwa mitral
• Zomwe zingayambitse
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• 1. Kutsata kuchipatala
• 2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
• 3. Opaleshoni ya mtima
• Kusamalira panthawi ya chithandizo

Kulephera kwa Mitral, komwe kumatchedwanso mitral regurgitation, kumachitika pakakhala vuto mu mitral valve, yomwe ndi gawo la mtima lomwe limasiyanitsa atrium yakumanzere ndi ventricle yakumanzere. Izi zikachitika, mitral valve siyitsekera kwathunthu, ndikupangitsa magazi ochepa kuti abwerere m'mapapu m'malo mwosiya mtima kuthirira thupi.

Anthu omwe alibe mitral yokwanira amakhala ndi zizindikilo monga kupuma movutikira atayesetsa pang'ono, kutsokomola kosalekeza komanso kutopa kwambiri.

Kuzungulira kumakhala kovulaza kwambiri ma mitral valve, omwe nthawi zambiri amataya mphamvu ndi ukalamba, kapena pambuyo poti infarction ya myocardial, mwachitsanzo. Komabe, kusakwanira kwa mitral kumathanso kukhala vuto lobadwa. Mwanjira iliyonse, kusakwanira kwa mitral kumafunika kuthandizidwa ndi katswiri wamatenda omwe angalimbikitse mankhwala kapena opaleshoni.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro zakubwezeretsanso kwa mitral zimatha kutenga zaka kuti ziwonekere, chifukwa kusinthaku kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake kumafala kwambiri mwa anthu okalamba pang'ono. Zizindikiro zazikulu zakubwezeretsanso kwa mitral ndi:

• Kupuma pang'ono, makamaka mukamachita khama kapena pogona;
• Kutopa kwambiri;
• Chifuwa, makamaka usiku;
• Palpitations ndi kuthamanga mtima;
• Kutupa kumapazi ndi akakolo.

Pamaso pazizindikirozi, akatswiri azachipatala amayenera kufunsidwa kuti athetse matendawa ndikuyamba chithandizo choyenera kwambiri.

Kuzindikira kusakwanira kwa mitral kumapangidwa chifukwa cha zizindikilo, zamankhwala komanso mbiri yamabanja yamavuto amtima komanso kupyola mayeso monga kulimbitsa mtima ndi stethoscope kuti muwone phokoso kapena phokoso lililonse pakamenya mtima, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, x-ray, computed tomography kapena kulingalira kwa maginito; ndi kuyesa zolimbitsa thupi kuti muwone momwe mtima ukugwirira ntchito.

Kufufuzanso kwina komwe katswiri wa zamagetsi angafunse ndi kutsekula m'mimba, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wowona mtima kuchokera mkati ndikuwona kuwonongeka kwa mavavu amtima. Pezani momwe kutsekemera kwa mtima kumachitikira.

Madigiri obwezeretsa mitral

Kulephera kwa Mitral kumatha kugawidwa m'madigiri ena kutengera kuopsa kwa zizindikilo ndi chifukwa chake, zazikuluzikulu ndizo:

1. Kubwezeretsanso pang'ono kwa mitral

Kuchepetsa mitral kubwezeretsanso, komwe kumatchedwanso kuchepa kwa mitral, sikumatulutsa zizindikilo, sikuli kovuta ndipo sikufuna chithandizo, kudziwika pokhapokha pakuwunika mwachizolowezi pomwe adotolo akumva mawu ena akamayimba mtima ndi stethoscope.

2. Kusintha kwapakatikati kwamiyeso

Kusakwanira kwa mitral kwamtunduwu kumayambitsa zizindikilo zosafunikira kwenikweni, monga kutopa, mwachitsanzo, ndipo palibe chifukwa chothandizira mwachangu. Zikatero, adotolo amangomvera pamtima wa munthuyo ndikumupatsa mayeso miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi iwiri, monga echocardiography kapena X-rays pachifuwa kuti ayang'ane pa mitral valve ndikuwona ngati kubwereza kwa mitral kwaipiraipira.

3. Kubwezeretsanso kwakukulu kwa mitral

Kuchulukanso kwa mitral kumayambitsanso kupuma pang'ono, kutsokomola komanso kutupa kwa mapazi ndi akakolo, ndipo dokotala amalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena kuchita opaleshoni kuti akonze valavu kutengera msinkhu wa munthu.

Zomwe zingayambitse

Kulephera kwa Mitral kumatha kuchitika bwino chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa minofu yamtima yoyambitsidwa ndi infarction yaminyewa yam'mimba, matenda opatsirana endocarditis kapena zoyipa za radiotherapy kapena mankhwala, monga fenfluramine kapena ergotamine, mwachitsanzo. Zikatero, opaleshoni ingalimbikitsidwe kukonzanso valavu.

Matenda ena amatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito a mitral valavu ndikupangitsa kuyambiranso kwa mitral, monga matenda a rheumatic, prolapse ya mitral valve, kuwerengera kwa mitral valavu yokha kapena kubadwa kwa valavu ya congenital, mwachitsanzo. Kulephera kwamtunduwu kumapita patsogolo ndipo ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala kapena opaleshoni.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambiranso kwa mitral kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha ukalamba, ndipo palinso chiopsezo chachikulu chobwezeretsanso mitral ngati pali mbiri yabanja yamatendawa.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha kusakwanira kwa mitral chimasiyanasiyana kutengera kukula kwa matendawa, zizindikilo zake kapena matendawa akukulira, ndipo cholinga chake ndi kukonza magwiridwe antchito amtima, kuchepetsa zizindikilo ndikupewa zovuta zamtsogolo.

1. Kutsata kuchipatala

Kuchepetsa mitral yobwezeretsa sikungafunike chithandizo, kutsata kwanthawi zonse kwamankhwala kumalimbikitsidwa ndipo mafupipafupi amatengera kukula kwa matendawa. Zikatero, adotolo amalimbikitsa kusintha kwa moyo wathanzi monga zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi monga kuyenda, mwachitsanzo.

2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Nthawi yomwe munthu ali ndi zizindikilo kapena kusakwanira kwa mitral kumakhala kovuta kapena kwanthawi yayitali, mwachitsanzo, adokotala atha kuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena monga:

• Okodzetsa: mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa komanso kudzikundikira madzi m'mapapo kapena m'miyendo;
• Maantibayotiki: amawonetsedwa kuti amathandizira kupewa mapangidwe a magazi ndipo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati atril fibrillation;
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo: amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, chifukwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatha kukulitsa kukonzanso kwa mitral.

Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuchiza ndikuwongolera zizindikilo, koma sizikulimbana ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitral ibwererenso.

3. Opaleshoni ya mtima

Kuchita opaleshoni yamtima, yotchedwa valvuloplasty, kumatha kuwonetsedwa ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala pamavuto owopsa, kukonza kapena kusintha kwa mitral valve ndikupewa zovuta monga mtima kulephera, kupuma kwamatenda kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo. Mvetsetsani momwe opaleshoni yamtima imagwirira ntchito pakubwezeretsa mitral.

Kusamalira panthawi ya chithandizo

Njira zina zamoyo ndizofunikira pochiza mitral kubwezeretsanso ndikuphatikizira:

• Kodi kuwunika kuchipatala kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi;
• Pitirizani kulemera wathanzi;
• Osasuta;
• Pewani zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi caffeine;
• Chitani zolimbitsa thupi zolimbikitsidwa ndi dokotala;
• Khalani ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso choyenera.

Kwa amayi omwe alibe mitral osakwanira ndipo akufuna kukhala ndi pakati, kuyezetsa magazi kuyenera kuchitika asanatenge mimba kuti awone ngati valavu yamtima imalekerera kutenga pakati, popeza mimba imapangitsa mtima kugwira ntchito molimbika. Kuonjezera apo, panthawi yoyembekezera komanso pobereka, kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse ndi katswiri wa matenda a mtima ndi azimayi ayenera kuchitidwa.

Pankhani ya anthu omwe adalandira ma valvuloplasty, ndipo amafunika kulandira chithandizo chamano, adotolo amayenera kupereka maantibayotiki kuti ateteze matenda mu valavu yamtima yotchedwa infective endocarditis. Onani momwe bacterial endocarditis imathandizidwira.