Ntchito ndi Kutumiza: Mitundu ya Amzamba

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya azamba
• Azamba ovomerezeka (CNMs)
• Azamba ovomerezeka (CMs)
• Azamba ovomerezeka (CPMs)
• Azamba olowera mwachindunji (DEMs)
• Ikani azamba
• Doulas
• Chiwonetsero

Chidule

Azamba ndi akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino omwe amathandiza azimayi ali ndi pakati komanso pobereka. Angathandizenso pakadutsa milungu isanu ndi umodzi mwana atabadwa, womwe umadziwika kuti nthawi yobereka. Azamba angathandizenso posamalira mwana wakhanda.

Anthu akhala akuchita mzamba kwazaka zambiri. Amapereka chisamaliro chaumwini kwa amayi atsopano m'nyumba, kuchipatala, kuchipatala, kapena kumalo obadwira. Udindo wa mzamba ndi monga:

• kuyang'anira mayendedwe akuthupi, kwamaganizidwe, komanso chikhalidwe cha mayiyo panthawi yonse yomwe ali ndi pakati, pobereka, komanso nthawi yobereka
• kupereka maphunziro a m'modzi m'modzi, upangiri, chisamaliro chobereka, ndi kuthandizira
• kuchepetsa chithandizo chamankhwala
• kuzindikira ndi kulozera amayi omwe amafunikira chisamaliro cha dokotala

Ubwino wina wokhala ndi mzamba ndi monga:

• mitengo yotsika ya ntchito yochititsidwa ndi anesthesia
• chiopsezo chochepa choberekera msanga komanso kubereka
• kuchepa kwa matenda komanso kufa kwa makanda
• zovuta zochepa zochepa

Pafupifupi 9 peresenti ya ana obadwa ku United States amakhala ndi mzamba. Komabe, unamwino umakulitsa thanzi la mayi ndi mwana ndipo ndi njira yabwino kwa amayi apakati ambiri.

Mitundu ya azamba

Pali azamba osiyana siyana omwe ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana ophunzitsira ndi kutsimikizira. Ku United States, azamba amakhala m'magulu awiri akulu:

• Anamwino azamba omwe amaphunzitsidwa unamwino ndi unamwino
• Azamba olowera mwachindunji omwe amaphunzitsidwa azamba okha

Azamba ovomerezeka (CNMs)

Namwino wodziwika bwino (CNM) ndi namwino wovomerezeka yemwe amalandila maphunziro owonjezera okhudzana ndi pakati ndi kubereka ndipo ali ndi digiri ya master ya unamwino wazamwino.

Ma CNM amawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo lazachipatala ndipo amadziwika ndi American Midwifery Certification Board.

Ma CNM amaphunzitsidwa za anatomy, physiology, ndi obstetrics. Amathanso kupanga zisankho zamankhwala zomwe zimatsata miyezo ya chisamaliro cha azachipatala. Ma CNM ambiri amatenga nawo mbali mzipatala ndipo amachita nawo maofesi azachipatala.

Nthawi zambiri, ma CNM amakhala ndi nthawi yambiri nanu panthawi yogwira kuposa dokotala. Ma CNM amalimbikitsa ndikukuphunzitsani panjira. Kukhudza kumeneku ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe amayi ambiri amadalira ma CNM.

Komabe, ma CNM sangathe kuchita zoperekera mwaulesi ndipo nthawi zambiri sangachite zingwe kapena kukakamiza kutumiza. Nthawi zambiri amasamalira azimayi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri omwe sangafunikire thandizo lotere.

Nthawi zina ma CNM amatha kuthandiza ma OB-GYN kapena ma perinatologists osamalira azimayi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Ngati mukuganiza zolandila chisamaliro kuchokera ku CNM, muyenera kufunsa za madotolo azamba omwe amagwira nawo ntchito. Ngakhale amayi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chadzidzidzi amatha kukhala ndi zovuta zomwe zimafunikira ukatswiri ndi maphunziro apadera a dokotala.

Azamba ovomerezeka (CMs)

Mzamba wovomerezeka (CM) ndi wofanana ndi namwino wodziwika bwino. Kusiyana kokha ndikuti digiri yoyamba ya CM sinali unamwino.

Azamba ovomerezeka (CPMs)

Mzamba wodziwika bwino (CPM) amagwira ntchito pawokha ndi azimayi operekera kunyumba kapena malo obadwira. Ma CPM amapita kubadwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amapereka chisamaliro chobereka.

Ma CPM ayenera kuchita mayeso oyenerera ndi North American Registry of Midwives (NARM).

Azamba olowera mwachindunji (DEMs)

Mzamba wolowera mwachindunji (DEM) amachita pawokha ndipo waphunzira unamwino kudzera pasukulu ya azamba, kuphunzira ntchito, kapena pulogalamu yaku koleji pakazamba. Ma DEM amapereka chisamaliro chonse chobereka asanabadwe ndipo amapita kumalo obadwira kapena kuperekera m'malo obadwira.

Ikani azamba

Mzamba wamba si dokotala. Maphunziro, kutsimikizika, komanso kuthekera kwa azamba omwe amagona mosiyanasiyana zimatha kusiyanasiyana popeza mayiko ambiri alibe maphunziro, maphunziro, kapena njira yovomerezeka yunifolomu.

Azamba omwe amagona nthawi zambiri samawonedwa ngati gawo lazachipatala ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ndi anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse.

Kupatula zochepa, azamba osagona samabereka ana muzipatala. Nthawi zambiri amathandizira poperekera kunyumba kapena m'malo obadwira.

Ngakhale azimayi ambiri amatha kuberekera kunyumba mosamalitsa azamba, amayi ena amakhala ndi mavuto atangobereka kumene. Chifukwa chakuti kuphunzitsidwa kwa azamba wamba sikunayendetsedwe, kutha kuzindikira zovuta kumasiyana.

Mavuto ambiri obereka amabwera mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti ngakhale chithandizo chofulumira cha dokotala sichingakhale chopindulitsa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamankhwala wamakono. Chifukwa cha izi, ndi madokotala ochepa m'mankhwala ambiri aku America omwe amalimbikitsa azimayi oberekera kapena kubereka.

Doulas

Doula nthawi zambiri imathandizira mayi asanabadwe komanso panthawi yobereka. Amapereka chithandizo chamaganizidwe komanso chakuthupi kwa mayiyo ndipo amathanso kuwathandiza kuwaphunzitsa. Komabe, samapereka chithandizo chamankhwala.

Doulas amapezeka kwa mayi asanabadwe kuti athandize kupanga njira yakubadwa ndikuyankha mafunso aliwonse omwe mayi angakhale nawo.

Pakubereka, doula apereka chilimbikitso kwa mayiyo pothandiza kupuma komanso kupumula. Amaperekanso kutikita minofu ndikuthandizira pantchito. Pambuyo pobereka, doula amathandizira mayi kuyamwitsa ndipo atha kuthandizanso nthawi yobereka.

Doula idzakhalapo kwa mayiyo ndikuwathandiza kukhala ndi kubereka kotetezeka komanso koyenera, ngakhale zitakhala kuti zimakhudza mankhwala kapena opaleshoni.

Chiwonetsero

Kutengera ngati mukufuna kuberekera kuchipatala, kunyumba, kapena kumalo obadwira, ndibwino kuti mudziwe mtundu wanji wa zitsimikiziro kapena chithandizo chomwe mukufuna kuchokera kwa mzamba wanu. Izi zikuthandizani kudziwa mtundu wa mzamba amene mukufuna kugwira naye ntchito.

Nthawi zambiri, kukhala ndi mzamba kumakupatsani chilimbikitso chowonjezera chakumverera ndi kuthupi ndikuthandizira njira yoberekera kuti iziyenda bwino. Mzamba amathandizanso kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso thanzi la mwana wanu.