Kodi Gluten Ndi Yoipa Kwa Inu? Kuwoneka Kovuta

Zamkati

• Gluten ndi chiyani?
• Kulekerera kwa Gluten
• Matenda a Celiac
• Tirigu ziwengo
• Kuzindikira Kwachilendo Kwachilendo
• Anthu Ena Omwe Atha Kupindula ndi Chakudya Chopanda Gluten
• Matenda Odzidzimutsa
• Zochitika Zina
• Kodi Aliyense Ayenera Kupewa Gluten?
• Chifukwa Chomwe Anthu Ambiri Amamva Bwino
• Kodi Zakudya Izi Ndi Zabwino?
• Kodi Zinthu Zopanda Gluteni Zimakhala Zathanzi?
• Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Kupita wopanda gluteni kungakhale njira yayikulu kwambiri yathanzi mzaka 10 zapitazi, koma pali chisokonezo chokhudza kuti gluten ndi yovuta kwa aliyense kapena okhawo omwe ali ndi matenda ena.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti anthu ena amafunika kuzipewa pazifukwa zathanzi, monga omwe ali ndi matenda a leliac kapena kusalolera.

Komabe, ambiri mdziko laumoyo ndi thanzi amati aliyense ayenera kutsatira zakudya zopanda thanzi - mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi osalolera kapena ayi.

Izi zapangitsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kusiya gilateni ndikuyembekeza kuti achepetse thupi, kukhala osangalala, ndikukhala athanzi.

Komabe, mwina mungadabwe ngati njira izi zimagwirizana ndi sayansi.

Nkhaniyi imakuwuzani ngati gulidi ndi woyipa kwa inu.

Gluten ndi chiyani?

Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti ndi chinthu chimodzi, gluteni ndi mawu omwe amatanthauza mitundu yambiri ya mapuloteni (ma prolamins) omwe amapezeka mu tirigu, balere, rye, ndi triticale (mtanda pakati pa tirigu ndi rye) ().

Ma protein ambiri amapezeka, koma onse ndi ofanana ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Mavitamini akuluakulu a tirigu amaphatikizapo gliadin ndi glutenin, pomwe yoyamba mu barele ndi hordein ().

Mapuloteni a Gluten - monga glutenin ndi gliadin - ndi otanuka kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake mbewu zomwe zili ndi gluten ndizoyenera kupanga buledi ndi zinthu zina zophika.

M'malo mwake, gilateni wowonjezera wopangidwa ndi ufa wotchedwa giluteni wofunikira wa tirigu nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa pazinthu zophikidwa kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu, kuwuka, ndi mashelufu azomwe zatha.

Mbewu ndi zakudya zopangidwa ndi Gluten zimapanga gawo lalikulu lazakudya zamasiku ano, zomwe zimayesedwa kuti zimadya muzakudya zaku Western mozungulira 5-20 magalamu patsiku ().

Mapuloteni a Gluten amatsutsana kwambiri ndi michere ya protease yomwe imawononga mapuloteni am'mimba mwanu.

Kuperewera kosakwanira kwa mapuloteni kumalola ma peptide - magawo akulu amino acid, omwe ndi zomanga zomanga thupi - kuti adutse kudzera kukhoma la m'matumbo anu ang'ono kulowa mthupi lanu lonse.

Izi zitha kuyambitsa mayankho amthupi omwe awonetsedwa pamitundu ingapo yokhudzana ndi gluten, monga matenda a leliac ().

Gluteni ndi ambulera yomwe imanena za banja la mapuloteni omwe amadziwika kuti ma protein. Mapuloteniwa amalimbana ndi chimbudzi cha anthu.

Kulekerera kwa Gluten

Mawu oti tsankho la gluten amatanthauza mitundu itatu yazikhalidwe ().

Ngakhale zinthu zotsatirazi zikufanana, zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi komwe adachokera, kukula, komanso kuuma kwake.

Matenda a Celiac

Matenda a Celiac ndi matenda otupa amthupi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha majini komanso chilengedwe. Zimakhudza mozungulira 1% ya anthu padziko lapansi.

Komabe, m'maiko ngati Finland, Mexico, ndi anthu ena ku North Africa, kufala kwake akuti kukukulira - pafupifupi 2-5% (,).

Ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amakhudzana ndi kumwa mbewu za gluten mwa anthu omwe atengeka. Ngakhale matenda a leliac amatengera machitidwe ambiri mthupi lanu, amadziwika kuti ndi vuto lotupa lamatumbo ang'ono.

Kuyamwa kwa njerezi mwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda a leliac kumawononga ma enterocyte, omwe ndi maselo okutira m'mimba mwanu. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa m'matumbo, michere yam'mimba, komanso zizindikilo monga kuonda ndi kutsekula m'mimba ().

Zizindikiro zina kapena ziwonetsero za matenda a leliac zimaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kufooka kwa mafupa, matenda amitsempha, ndi matenda akhungu, monga dermatitis. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a leliac sangakhale ndi zizindikilo konse (,).

Matendawa amapezeka ndi matumbo a m'mimba - omwe amadziwika kuti ndi "golide" wodziwitsa matenda a celiac - kapena kuyezetsa magazi kwa ma genotypes kapena ma antibodies. Pakadali pano, chithandizo chokha cha matendawa ndikupeweratu kusowa kwa gluteni ().

Tirigu ziwengo

Matenda a tirigu amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana koma amatha kukhudzanso achikulire. Omwe sagwirizana ndi tirigu amakhala ndi vuto lodana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi ku mapuloteni ena omwe amapezeka mu tirigu ndi tirigu ().

Zizindikiro zimatha kuyambira kunyansidwa pang'ono mpaka anaphylaxis yoopsa, yowopsa pamoyo - zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma kovuta - mukamamwa tirigu kapena kupuma ufa wa tirigu.

Matenda a tirigu ndi osiyana ndi matenda a leliac, ndipo ndizotheka kukhala ndi zikhalidwe zonse ziwiri.

Matenda a tirigu amapezeka ndi omwe amatsutsa pogwiritsa ntchito magazi kapena kuyezetsa khungu.

Kuzindikira Kwachilendo Kwachilendo

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu chimaneneratu za matenda atadya gluteni, ngakhale alibe matenda a celiac kapena zovuta za tirigu ().

Kutengeka kwa non-celiac gluten (NCGS) kumapezeka ngati munthu alibe zomwe zatchulidwazi komabe akukumana ndi zizindikilo zam'matumbo ndi zizindikilo zina - monga kupweteka kwa mutu, kutopa, ndi kupweteka kwamalumikizidwe - akamadya gluten ().

Matenda a Celiac ndi zovuta za tirigu ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti azindikire NCGS popeza zizindikiritso zimakumana ndimikhalidwe zonsezi.

Mofanana ndi omwe ali ndi matenda a leliac kapena matupi awo sagwirizana ndi tirigu, anthu omwe ali ndi NCGS amafotokoza kusintha kwa zizindikiro pakudya zakudya zopanda thanzi.

Kulekerera kwa Gluten kumatanthauza matenda a leliac, ziwengo za tirigu, ndi NCGS. Ngakhale zizindikilo zina zimafanana, mikhalidwe iyi imakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu.

Anthu Ena Omwe Atha Kupindula ndi Chakudya Chopanda Gluten

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kutsatira zakudya zopanda thanzi kumathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikilo zokhudzana ndi zovuta zingapo. Akatswiri ena amalumikiza ndi kupewa matenda ena.

Matenda Odzidzimutsa

Pali malingaliro angapo onena za chifukwa chomwe gluten imatha kuyambitsa kapena kuwonjezeranso mthupi, monga Hashimoto's thyroiditis, mtundu wa 1 shuga, matenda a Grave, ndi nyamakazi ya nyamakazi.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti matenda omwe amadzichiritsira okha amagawana majini wamba komanso njira zotetezera chitetezo cha matendawa.

Kutsanzira ma molekyulu ndi njira yomwe akuti ndi njira yomwe gululi limayambitsa kapena kuwonjezeretsa matenda amthupi okha. Apa ndipamene antigen yakunja - chinthu chomwe chimalimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi - imagawana zofananira ndi ma antigen a thupi lanu ().

Kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi ma antigen ofananawa kumatha kubweretsa kupangika kwa ma antibodies omwe amathandizana ndi antigen omwe adalowetsedwa komanso minyewa ya thupi lanu ().

M'malo mwake, matenda achilendowa amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda owonjezera omwe amadziteteza ndipo amapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zovuta zina ().

Mwachitsanzo, kufalikira kwa matenda a leliac akuti akuchulukirachulukira kanayi mwa iwo omwe ali ndi Hashimoto's thyroiditis - matenda omwe amapezeka pachithokomiro - kuposa anthu ena onse).

Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wambiri apeza kuti chakudya chopanda thanzi chimapindulitsa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amadzimadzi ().

Zochitika Zina

Gluten amamangiridwanso kumatenda am'mimba, monga matumbo osakwiya (IBS) ndi matenda opatsirana am'mimba (IBD), omwe amaphatikizanso matenda a Crohn's and ulcerative colitis ().

Kuphatikiza apo, zawonetsedwa kuti zimasintha mabakiteriya am'matumbo ndikuwonjezera kutsekemera kwamatumbo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi IBD ndi IBS ().

Pomaliza, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zakudya zopanda thanzi zimapindulitsa anthu omwe ali ndi zovuta zina, monga fibromyalgia, endometriosis, ndi schizophrenia ().

Kafukufuku wambiri amalumikiza kuti gluten ndi kuyambitsa komanso kupitilira kwa matenda amthupi mokha ndikuwonetsa kuti kupewa kungapindulitse zina, kuphatikiza IBD ndi IBS.

Kodi Aliyense Ayenera Kupewa Gluten?

Zikuwonekeratu kuti anthu ambiri, monga omwe ali ndi matenda a celiac, NCGS, ndi matenda amthupi okha, amapindula chifukwa chotsatira zakudya zopanda thanzi.

Komabe, sizikudziwika ngati aliyense - mosasamala kanthu za thanzi lake - asinthe momwe amadyera.

Pali malingaliro angapo okhudza chifukwa chake matupi a anthu sangathe kuthana ndi gluten. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti makina am'mimba amunthu sanasinthe kuti agaye mtundu kapena kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni amtundu womwe amapezeka m'madongosolo amakono.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa gawo lomwe lingakhalepo m'mapuloteni ena a tirigu, monga FODMAPs (mitundu ina ya carbs), amylase trypsin inhibitors, ndi nyongolosi yamagulugutinin, kuti athandizire zizindikilo zokhudzana ndi NCGS.

Izi zikusonyeza kuyankha kovuta kwambiri kwachilengedwe ku tirigu ().

Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amapewa gluten chawonjezeka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zidziwitso zaku US kuchokera ku National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) zikuwonetsa kuti kupezeka kwakuchulukirapo kuposa katatu kuyambira 2009 mpaka 2014 ().

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi NCGS omwe amayesedwa moyenera, matendawa amatsimikiziridwa pafupifupi 16-30% (,) yokha.

Komabe, popeza zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro za NCGS sizikudziwika ndipo kuyesa kwa NCGS sikunakwaniritsidwebe, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe sangachite bwino ndi gluten sikudziwikabe ().

Ngakhale pali kukankhira koonekeratu mdziko laumoyo ndi thanzi kuti mupewe thanzi la thanzi - zomwe zimakhudza kutchuka kwa zakudya zopanda thanzi - palinso umboni wochulukirapo wosonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa NCGS kukukulirakulira.

Pakadali pano, njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati mungapindule ndi chakudya chopanda thanzi mukatha kuwononga matenda a celiac ndi ziwengo za tirigu ndikupewa gluten ndikuwunika zomwe mukudziwa.

Pakadali pano, mayeso odalirika a NCGS sakupezeka. Njira yokhayo yowonera ngati mungapindule ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi ndikupewa gilateni ndikuwunika zomwe mukudwala.

Chifukwa Chomwe Anthu Ambiri Amamva Bwino

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azimva bwino akamadya zakudya zopanda thanzi.

Choyamba, kupeŵa gilateni nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kudula zakudya zosinthidwa, monga momwe zimapezekera muzakudya zambiri zopangidwa kwambiri, monga chakudya chofulumira, zinthu zophika, ndi chimanga cha shuga.

Zakudya izi sizimangokhala ndi gluten komanso zimakhala ndi ma calories ambiri, shuga, ndi mafuta osapatsa thanzi.

Anthu ambiri amati amachepetsa thupi, samatopa kwenikweni, ndipo samakhala ndi ululu wophatikizika pakudya zakudya zopanda thanzi. Zikuwoneka kuti maubwinowa amachitika chifukwa chosiya zakudya zopanda thanzi.

Mwachitsanzo, zakudya zomwe zili ndi ma carbs osungunuka kwambiri komanso shuga zalumikizidwa ndi kunenepa, kutopa, kupweteka kwamagulu, kusakhazikika, komanso zovuta zakugaya zakudya - zizindikilo zonse zokhudzana ndi NCGS (,,,).

Komanso, nthawi zambiri anthu amalowetsa zakudya zomwe zili ndi gilateni ndi njira zabwino, monga masamba, zipatso, mafuta athanzi, ndi mapuloteni - omwe angalimbikitse thanzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiritso zam'mimba zimatha kusintha chifukwa chochepetsa kudya kwa zinthu zina wamba, monga ma FODMAPs (carbs omwe amachititsa mavuto am'magazi monga kuphulika ndi gasi) ().

Ngakhale zizindikiro zowoneka bwino pazakudya zopanda thanzi zimatha kukhala zokhudzana ndi NCGS, kusintha kumeneku kumathanso chifukwa cha zifukwa zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa kapena kuphatikiza ziwirizi.

Kudula zakudya zokhala ndi gilateni kumatha kukhala ndi thanzi pazifukwa zingapo, zina zomwe mwina sizogwirizana ndi gluten.

Kodi Zakudya Izi Ndi Zabwino?

Ngakhale akatswiri ambiri azaumoyo amati mwina, ndibwino kutsatira zakudya zopanda thanzi - ngakhale kwa anthu omwe safunikira kutero.

Kudula tirigu ndi mbewu zina zopangidwa ndi gilateni sizingayambitse zovuta - bola bola mankhwalawa atengeredwe ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi.

Zakudya zonse zam'magulu okhala ndi gluteni, monga mavitamini B, fiber, zinc, iron, ndi potaziyamu, zimatha kusinthidwa mosavuta ndikutsata chakudya chokwanira, chopatsa thanzi chophatikizapo masamba, zipatso, mafuta athanzi, ndi mapuloteni opatsa thanzi.

Kodi Zinthu Zopanda Gluteni Zimakhala Zathanzi?

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti chifukwa chakuti chinthu chopanda gluteni sizitanthauza kuti ndi chopatsa thanzi.

Makampani ambiri amagulitsa ma cookie, makeke, ndi zakudya zina zopangidwa ndi thanzi kukhala zathanzi kuposa anzawo omwe amakhala ndi gluten.

M'malo mwake, kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti aku 65% aku America amakhulupirira kuti zakudya zopanda thanzi ndizabwino, ndipo 27% amasankha kuzidya kuti zithandizire kuwonda ().

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zopanda gilateni zimatsimikiziridwa kuti ndizopindulitsa kwa iwo omwe amazifuna, sizabwino zilizonse kuposa zomwe zimakhala ndi gluten.

Ndipo ngakhale kutsatira zakudya zopanda thanzi ndikotetezeka, kumbukirani kuti zakudya zilizonse zomwe zimadalira kwambiri zakudya zosinthidwa sizingakhale ndi phindu lililonse.

Kuphatikizanso apo, zimatsutsanabe ngati kudya chakudyachi kumapindulitsa thanzi la iwo omwe alibe tsankho.

Pomwe kafukufuku m'derali akusintha, zikuwoneka kuti ubale pakati pa gluten ndi zomwe zimakhudza thanzi lathu lonse zizimveka bwino. Mpaka nthawiyo, ndi inu nokha amene mungasankhe ngati kupewa ndi kopindulitsa pazosowa zanu.

Ngakhale zili bwino kutsatira zakudya zopanda thanzi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zopangidwa zopanda gilateni sizikhala zathanzi kuposa zomwe zimakhala ndi gluten.

Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Kutsata zakudya zopanda thanzi ndikofunikira kwa ena komanso kusankha kwa ena.

Chiyanjano pakati pa gluten ndi thanzi lathunthu ndi chovuta, ndipo kafukufuku akupitilira.

Gluten amalumikizidwa ndi autoimmune, digestive, ndi zina zathanzi. Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ayenera kapena ayenera kupewa gluten, sizikudziwika ngati zakudya zopanda thanzi zimapindulitsa iwo omwe alibe tsankho.

Popeza pakadali pano palibe kuyezetsa kolondola kwa kusalolera komanso kupewa kuti gluten kumabweretsa mavuto aliwonse azaumoyo, mutha kuyesera kuti muwone ngati kukupangitsani kuti mukhale bwino.