Mtima ischemia: chimene icho chiri, zizindikiro zazikulu ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya ischemia yamtima
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Zizindikiro za ischemia ya mtima
• Zimayambitsa ischemia ya mtima
• Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Cardiac ischemia, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti myocardial kapena myocardial ischemia, imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa magazi kudzera m'mitsempha ya coronary, yomwe ndi zotengera zomwe zimafikitsa magazi pamtima. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa zikwangwani zamafuta mkati, zomwe, zikagwidwa bwino, zimatha kuphulika ndikutchingira chotupacho, ndikupweteketsa ndikuwonjezera mwayi wamatenda amtima.

Chithandizo chake chimapangidwa ndi mankhwala othandizira kuti magazi aziyenda bwino mumitsuko imeneyi, yotchulidwa ndi katswiri wa zamatenda, monga metoprolol, simvastatin ndi AAS, mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza kuwongolera cholesterol ndi mchere pazakudya ndikuchita zolimbitsa thupi.

Mitundu ya ischemia yamtima

Kutsekeka kwa magazi m'magazi kumatha kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Angina wolimba: ndi mtundu wa ischemia wosatha, koma wosakhalitsa, chifukwa kupweteka pachifuwa kumachitika munthuyo akachita khama, amakhala ndi nkhawa kapena atatha kudya, ndipo amasintha mu mphindi zochepa kapena akapuma. Ngati sichichiritsidwa, imatha kukhala matenda amtima mtsogolo.
• Angina wosakhazikika: imakhalanso mtundu wa ischemia wosatha, koma kupweteka pachifuwa kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse, kumatenga mphindi zopitilira 20, sikusintha ndikupuma, ndipo, ngati sichichiritsidwa mwachangu, kumayamba kudwala mtima. Kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe angina ndi, zomwe zimayambitsa komanso momwe angachiritsire.
• Pachimake m'mnyewa wamtima infarction: infarction itha kuchitika pambuyo pa kusintha kwa angina, kapena zitha mwadzidzidzi, kuwonekera popanda chenjezo lakale. Amadziwika ndi kupweteka kwambiri kapena kuyaka pachifuwa, komwe sikusintha, ndipo ayenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu mchipinda chadzidzidzi. Phunzirani momwe mungadziwire matenda a mtima.
• Chete ischemia: ndikuchepa kwa magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi yomwe siyimayambitsa zisonyezo, imapezeka kawirikawiri pamayeso wamba, ndipo imayambitsa chiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala matenda amtima kapena kumangidwa kwamtima kwadzidzidzi.

Mitundu iyi ya ischemia imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa thanzi la mtima, chifukwa chake amayenera kuwapeza ndikuwachiza posachedwa, pakuwunika chaka chilichonse, komanso kufunafuna chisamaliro ndi dokotala kapena cardiologist pakawonekera zowawa.kapena kuyaka pachifuwa.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Kuchiza kwa ischemia yamtima kumatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a:

• Kuchepetsa kugunda kwa mtima, monga propranolol, atenolol kapena metoprolol;
• Onetsetsani kuthamanga kwa magazi, monga enalapril, captopril kapena losartan;
• Chepetsani mabala amafuta, monga simvastatin ndi atorvastatin;
• Kuchepetsa mapangidwe a magazi, monga AAS kapena clopidogrel, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zikopa zamafuta;
• Chepetsani zotengera za mtima, monga isordil ndi monocordil.

Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha atalangizidwa mosamalitsa kuchokera kwa katswiri wamatenda. Muyeneranso kuchepetsa matenda monga cholesterol, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kusuta, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, matenda ashuga, kugona tulo komanso nkhawa, chifukwa zimatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha ischemia wamtima.

Milandu yovuta kwambiri, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala sikokwanira, katswiri wa zamankhwala angalimbikitse kuchitidwa opaleshoni, yomwe ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe wodwala angaloledwe kuchipatala kwa masiku opitilira 4 ndipo akuyenera kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala akadali chipatala chothandiza. Dokotala amatha kuyitanitsa, mwachitsanzo, angioplasty yokhala ndi mitsempha yolimba kapena yopanda kupindika, yomwe imalowetsa m'malo mwa mtsempha wa saphenous, mwachitsanzo. Mvetsetsani momwe opaleshoni yothandizira imachitikira.

Zizindikiro za ischemia ya mtima

Zizindikiro za mtima ischemia zitha kukhala:

• Zowawa kapena zotentha pachifuwa zomwe zimatha kuthamangira kumbuyo kwa khosi, chibwano, mapewa kapena mikono;
• Mtima palpitations;
• Anzanu mu chifuwa;
• Kupuma movutikira kapena kupuma movutikira;
• Nseru, thukuta lozizira, pallor ndi malaise;

Komabe, ischemia yamtima mwina sitha kuwonetsa zizindikilo ndipo imangopezeka pakuwunika kozolowereka kapena ikayambitsa matenda amtima. Onani zizindikiro 12 zomwe zingasonyeze mavuto amtima.

Zimayambitsa ischemia ya mtima

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha ischemia wamtima ndi atherosclerosis, komwe kumadzaza mafuta mkati mwa mitsempha yam'mimba, chifukwa chakutenga nthawi yayitali kwa cholesterol, shuga wambiri, kusagwira ntchito, kusuta ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Komabe, matenda ena amatha kuyambitsa ischemia ya mtima, monga lupus, shuga, coronary embolism, syphilis, aortic stenosis, coronary spasm, hyperthyroidism yoopsa kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga cocaine ndi amphetamines.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Kuti muzindikire kupezeka kwa ischemia mumtima, mayesero ena amatha kuchitika, omwe angafunsidwe ndi dokotala kapena katswiri wazachipatala, monga:

• Electrocardiogram;
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kuyesa kupsinjika;
• Echocardiogram;
• Zojambulajambula m'mnyewa wamtima.

Kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika kuti azindikire kupezeka kwa zosintha zomwe zimaika pachiwopsezo pamtima, monga cholesterol, magazi m'magazi, triglycerides ndi ntchito ya impso. Ngati mukukayikira kuti pali vuto la mtima, kuyesa magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa ma enzyme amtima kumathandizanso kutsimikizira. Pezani mayeso omwe akufunsidwa kuti muwone mtima.

Chiyeso chilichonse cholamulidwa chimadalira zizindikilo zomwe munthuyo wapereka, ndipo, ngati kukayika kukadalipo, katswiri wamatendawa atha kupempha catheterization yamtima kuti atsimikizire kupezeka kwa ischemia yamtima. Dziwani chomwe chimapangidwira, momwe zimachitikira komanso kuopsa kwa catheterization yamtima.