Lamivudine, Piritsi Yamlomo

Zamkati

• Mfundo zazikulu lamivudine
• Kodi lamivudine ndi chiyani?
• Chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito
• Momwe imagwirira ntchito
• Zotsatira zoyipa za Lamivudine
• Zotsatira zofala kwambiri
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Lamivudine amatha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ena
• Zamgululi
• Trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole
• Mankhwala omwe ali ndi sorbitol
• Momwe mungatenge lamivudine
• Mlingo wa kachirombo ka HIV
• Maganizo apadera
• Mlingo wa matenda opatsirana a hepatitis B (HBV)
• Maganizo apadera
• Machenjezo a Lamivudine
• Chenjezo la FDA: kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa HBV ndi HIV
  
• Lactic acidosis ndi kukulitsidwa kwakukulu kwa chiwindi ndi chenjezo la mafuta m'chiwindi
• Chenjezo la kapamba
• Chenjezo la matenda a chiwindi
• Chenjezo la Immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS)
• Chenjezo la HBV
• Chenjezo la ziwengo
• Machenjezo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena
• Machenjezo kwa magulu ena
• Tengani monga mwalamulidwa
• Zofunikira pakumwa lamivudine
• Zonse
• Yosungirako
• Zowonjezeranso
• Kuwunika kuchipatala
• Kupezeka
• Chilolezo chisanachitike
• Kodi pali njira zina?

Chenjezo la FDA

Mankhwalawa ali ndi chenjezo la nkhonya. Ili ndiye chenjezo lalikulu kwambiri kuchokera ku Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Chenjezo la nkhonya limachenjeza madokotala ndi odwala za zovuta zamankhwala zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa.

• Ngati muli ndi HBV ndipo mumamwa lamivudine koma osasiya kumwa, matenda anu a HBV akhoza kukhala ovuta kwambiri. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akuyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala ngati izi zichitika. Komanso, dziwani kuti lamivudine ikaperekedwa kwa kachilombo ka HIV, imaperekedwa mwamphamvu ina. Musagwiritse ntchito lamivudine yomwe imaperekedwa kuti muchepetse HIV. Momwemonso, ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, musagwiritse ntchito lamivudine woyenera kuchiza matenda a HBV.

Mfundo zazikulu lamivudine

1. Mapiritsi am'kamwa a Lamivudine amapezeka ngati mankhwala achibadwa komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Dzinalo: Epivir, Epivir-HBV.
2. Lamivudine amabwera ngati piritsi yamlomo komanso yankho lamlomo.
3. Piritsi lamlomo la Lamivudine limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B (HBV).

Kodi lamivudine ndi chiyani?

Lamivudine ndi mankhwala akuchipatala. Zimabwera ngati piritsi lamlomo komanso yankho lamlomo.

Pulogalamu yamlomo ya Lamivudine imapezeka ngati mankhwala odziwika kuti Epivir ndi Epivir-HBV. Ikupezekanso ngati mankhwala achibadwa. Mankhwala achibadwa nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika poyerekeza ndi mtundu wamaina. Nthawi zina, sangapezeke mwamphamvu zonse kapena mitundu yonse monga dzina lodziwika bwino la mankhwalawa.

Ngati mukumwa lamivudine kuchiza kachilombo ka HIV, mudzawatenga ngati gawo limodzi la mankhwala ophatikizana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kumwa mankhwala ena kuti muzitha kutenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Lamivudine amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda awiri osiyana ndi ma virus: HIV ndi hepatitis B (HBV).

Momwe imagwirira ntchito

Lamivudine ali mgulu la mankhwala otchedwa nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Gulu la mankhwala ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zofananira.

Lamivudine sichiritsa matenda opatsirana ndi HIV kapena HBV. Komabe, zimathandiza kuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa poletsa kuthekera kwa mavairasi kuti azitha kutengera (kudzipangira okha).

Pofuna kubwereza ndikufalikira mthupi lanu, HIV ndi HBV ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito enzyme yotchedwa reverse transcriptase. Ma NRTI monga lamivudine amaletsa mavitaminiwa. Izi zimalepheretsa HIV ndi HBV kupanga makope mwachangu, ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa ma virus.

Lamivudine ikagwiritsidwa ntchito yokha kuchiza kachilombo ka HIV, imatha kubweretsa kukana mankhwala. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mitundu iwiri ya ma ARV kuti muchepetse HIV.

Zotsatira zoyipa za Lamivudine

Piritsi lamlomo la Lamivudine limatha kuyambitsa zovuta kapena zoyipa. Mndandanda wotsatirawu muli zina mwazovuta zomwe zingachitike mukamamwa lamivudine. Mndandandawu mulibe zovuta zonse zomwe zingachitike.

Kuti mumve zambiri pazomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha lamivudine, kapena maupangiri amomwe mungachitire ndi zovuta zina, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wazamankhwala.

Zotsatira zofala kwambiri

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika ndi lamivudine ndi monga:

• chifuwa
• kutsegula m'mimba
• kutopa
• mutu
• malaise (kusapeza bwino)
• Zizindikiro zammphuno, monga mphuno yothamanga
• nseru

Zotsatira zoyipa

Itanani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zovuta zina. Itanani 911 ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuwopseza moyo kapena ngati mukuganiza kuti mukukumana ndi vuto lachipatala. Zotsatira zoyipa komanso zizindikilo zake zimatha kukhala izi:

• Lactic acidosis kapena kukulitsa chiwindi. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • kupweteka m'mimba
  • kutsegula m'mimba
  • kupuma pang'ono
  • kupweteka kwa minofu
  • kufooka
  • Kumva kuzizira kapena chizungulire
• Pancreatitis. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • Kutupa m'mimba
  • ululu
  • nseru
  • kusanza
  • kukoma mtima mukakhudza pamimba
• Hypersensitivity kapena anaphylaxis. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • zidzolo mwadzidzidzi kapena zoopsa
  • mavuto opuma
  • ming'oma
• Matenda a chiwindi. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • mkodzo wakuda
  • kusowa chilakolako
  • kutopa
  • jaundice (khungu lachikasu)
  • nseru
  • Chikondi m'mimba
• Matenda a fungal, chibayo, kapena chifuwa chachikulu. Izi zikhoza kukhala chizindikiro chakuti mukukumana ndi matenda okonzanso chitetezo cha mthupi.

Lamivudine amatha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ena

Piritsi lamlomo la Lamivudine limatha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ena angapo. Kuyanjana kosiyanasiyana kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ena amatha kusokoneza momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito, pomwe ena amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina.

M'munsimu muli mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe angagwirizane ndi lamivudine. Mndandandawu mulibe mankhwala onse omwe amatha kulumikizana ndi lamivudine.

Musanamwe lamivudine, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala ndi wazamankhwala zanu zonse zamankhwala, pa-counter, ndi mankhwala ena omwe mumamwa. Auzeni za mavitamini, zitsamba, ndi zowonjezera zilizonse zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito. Kugawana izi kungakuthandizeni kupewa kuyanjana komwe kungachitike.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi mankhwala omwe angakukhudzeni, funsani dokotala kapena wamankhwala.

Zamgululi

Musatenge emtricitabine ngati nanunso mumamwa lamivudine. Ndi mankhwala omwewo ndipo kuwagwiritsa ntchito limodzi kumatha kuwonjezera zotsatira zoyipa za emtricitabine. Mankhwala omwe ali ndi emtricitabine ndi awa:

• emtricitabine (Emtriva)
• emtricitabine / tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Truvada)
• emtricitabine / tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (Descovy)
• efavirenz / emtricitabine / tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Atripla)
• rilpivirine / emtricitabine / tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Complera)
• rilpivirine / emtricitabine / tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (Odefsey)
• emtricitabine / tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / elvitegravir / cobicistat (Stribild)
• emtricitabine / tenofovir alafenamide fumarate / elvitegravir / cobicistat (Genvoya)

Trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole

Mankhwala ophatikizirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda amkodzo komanso kutsegula m'mimba. Lamivudine amatha kulumikizana ndi mankhwalawa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ngati mukumwa mankhwalawa. Mayina ena ake ndi awa:

• Bactrim
• Septra DS
• Cotrim DS

Mankhwala omwe ali ndi sorbitol

Kutenga sorbitol ndi lamivudine kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa lamivudine mthupi lanu. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti zisamagwire bwino ntchito. Ngati ndi kotheka, kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito lamivudine ndi mankhwala aliwonse omwe ali ndi sorbitol. Izi zimaphatikizapo mankhwala akuchipatala komanso owonjezera. Ngati mukuyenera kumwa lamivudine ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi sorbitol, dokotala wanu amayang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa ma virus anu.

Momwe mungatenge lamivudine

Mlingo wa lamivudine womwe dokotala amakupatsani umadalira pazinthu zingapo. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• mtundu ndi kuuma kwa chikhalidwe chomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito lamivudine kuchiza
• zaka zanu
• mawonekedwe a lamivudine omwe mumatenga
• matenda ena omwe mungakhale nawo

Nthawi zambiri, dokotala wanu amakupangitsani muyeso wochepa ndikusintha pakapita nthawi kuti mufike pamlingo woyenera kwa inu. Potsirizira pake adzapereka mankhwala ochepetsetsa omwe amapereka zomwe mukufuna.

Chidziwitso chotsatirachi chimalongosola miyezo yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kapena amalimbikitsidwa. Komabe, onetsetsani kuti mwatenga mlingo womwe dokotala akukulemberani. Dokotala wanu adzazindikira mlingo woyenera kuti ugwirizane ndi zosowa zanu.

Mlingo wa kachirombo ka HIV

Zowonjezera: Lamivudine

• Mawonekedwe: piritsi yamlomo
• Mphamvu: 150 mg, 300 mg

Mtundu: Epivir

• Mawonekedwe: piritsi yamlomo
• Mphamvu: 150 mg, 300 mg

Mlingo wachikulire (wazaka 18 kapena kupitirira)

• Mlingo wodziwika: 300 mg tsiku lililonse. Ndalamayi imatha kuperekedwa ngati 150 mg kawiri patsiku, kapena 300 mg kamodzi patsiku.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 3 mpaka 17 zaka)

Mlingo umachokera kulemera kwa mwana wanu.

• Mlingo wodziwika: 4 mg / kg, kawiri patsiku, kapena 8 mg / kg kamodzi patsiku.
  • Kwa ana omwe amalemera 14 kg (31 lbs) mpaka <20 kg (44 lbs): 150 mg kamodzi patsiku, kapena 75 mg kawiri tsiku lililonse.
  • Kwa ana omwe amalemera ≥20 (44 lbs) mpaka ≤25 kg (55 lbs): 225 mg kamodzi patsiku, kapena 75 mg m'mawa ndi 150 mg madzulo.
  • Kwa ana omwe amalemera ≥25 kg (55 lbs): 300 mg kamodzi patsiku, kapena 150 mg kawiri tsiku lililonse.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-2 miyezi)

Mlingo wa ana ochepera miyezi itatu sunakhazikitsidwe.

Maganizo apadera

• Kwa ana ndi ena omwe sangathe kumeza mapiritsi: Ana ndi ena omwe sangathe kumeza mapiritsi atha kumwa yankho m'malo mwake. Mlingowo umachokera kulemera kwa thupi. Dokotala wa mwana wanu adzasankha mlingo. Phaleli limakonda ana omwe amalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 14 ndipo amatha kumeza mapiritsi.
• Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso: Impso zanu sizingakonze lamivudine m'magazi anu mwachangu mokwanira. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mlingo wochepa kuti mankhwala asakwere kwambiri mthupi lanu.

Mlingo wa matenda opatsirana a hepatitis B (HBV)

Mtundu: Epivir-HBV

• Mawonekedwe: piritsi yamlomo
• Mphamvu: 100 mg

Mlingo wachikulire (wazaka 18 kapena kupitirira)

• Mlingo wodziwika: 100 mg kamodzi patsiku.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 2-17 zaka)

Mlingo umachokera kulemera kwa mwana wanu. Kwa ana omwe amafunikira zosakwana 100 mg patsiku, ayenera kumwa mankhwalawa.

• Mlingo wodziwika: 3 mg / kg kamodzi patsiku.
• Zolemba malire mlingo: 100 mg tsiku lililonse.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-1 zaka)

Mlingo wa ana ochepera zaka ziwiri sunakhazikitsidwe.

Maganizo apadera

• Kwa ana ndi ena omwe sangathe kumeza mapiritsi: Ana ndi ena omwe sangathe kumeza mapiritsi atha kumwa yankho m'malo mwake. Mlingowo umachokera kulemera kwa thupi. Dokotala wa mwana wanu adzasankha mlingo.
• Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso: Impso zanu sizingakonze lamivudine m'magazi anu mwachangu mokwanira. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mlingo wochepa kuti mankhwala asakwere kwambiri mthupi lanu.

Machenjezo a Lamivudine

Mankhwalawa amabwera ndi machenjezo angapo.

Chenjezo la FDA: kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa HBV ndi HIV

• Mankhwalawa ali ndi chenjezo lakuda lakuda. Chenjezo la bokosi lakuda ndi chenjezo loopsa kwambiri kuchokera ku Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Chenjezo la bokosi lakuda limachenjeza madokotala ndi odwala za zovuta zamankhwala zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa.
• Ngati muli ndi HBV ndipo mumamwa lamivudine koma osasiya kumwa, matenda anu a HBV akhoza kukhala ovuta kwambiri. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akuyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala ngati izi zichitika. Komanso, dziwani kuti lamivudine yomwe idaperekedwa kuti mutenge kachilombo ka HIV ndi mphamvu ina. Musagwiritse ntchito lamivudine yomwe imaperekedwa kuti muchepetse HIV. Momwemonso, ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, musagwiritse ntchito lamivudine woyenera kuchiza matenda a HBV.

Lactic acidosis ndi kukulitsidwa kwakukulu kwa chiwindi ndi chenjezo la mafuta m'chiwindi

Izi zachitika mwa anthu omwe amatenga lamivudine, makamaka mwa akazi. Ngati muli ndi zizindikilo za izi, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Zizindikirozi zimatha kuphatikiza kupweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, kupuma pang'ono, kupweteka kwa minofu, kufooka, ndikumva kuzizira kapena chizungulire.

Chenjezo la kapamba

Pancreatitis, kapena kutupa kwa kapamba, kumachitika kawirikawiri mwa anthu omwe amatenga lamivudine. Zizindikiro za kapamba zimaphatikizapo kuphulika m'mimba, kupweteka, nseru, kusanza, ndi kukoma mtima mukakhudza m'mimba. Anthu omwe adachitapo kapamba m'mbuyomu atha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Chenjezo la matenda a chiwindi

Mutha kukhala ndi matenda a chiwindi mukamamwa mankhwalawa. Ngati muli ndi matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis B kapena hepatitis C, chiwindi chanu chitha kukulirakulira. Zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi zimatha kuphatikizira mkodzo wamdima, kusowa kwa njala, kutopa, jaundice (khungu lachikasu), nseru, ndi kufatsa m'mimba.

Chenjezo la Immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS)

Ndi IRS, chitetezo chanu chamthupi chomwe chimachira chimayambitsa matenda omwe mudakhala nawo m'mbuyomu kuti abwerere. Zitsanzo za matenda am'mbuyomu omwe amatha kubwerera ndi monga matenda a mafangasi, chibayo, kapena chifuwa chachikulu. Dokotala wanu angafunikire kuchiza matenda akale ngati izi zichitika.

Chenjezo la HBV

Matenda ena a HBV amatha kulimbana ndi mankhwala a lamivudine. Izi zikachitika, mankhwalawa sangathenso kuchotsa kachilomboka m'thupi lanu. Dokotala wanu amayang'anira kuchuluka kwanu kwa HBV pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso amwazi, ndipo atha kupereka chithandizo china ngati ma HBV anu amakhalabe okwera.

Chenjezo la ziwengo

Ngati mukumva kupuma, ming'oma, kapena kupuma mukamamwa mankhwalawa, mutha kukhala osavomerezeka nawo. Lekani kuzitenga nthawi yomweyo ndikupita kuchipinda chadzidzidzi kapena itanani 911.

Ngati mudakumana ndi vuto la lamivudine m'mbuyomu, osatenganso. Kutenganso kumatha kukhala koopsa (kuyambitsa imfa).

Machenjezo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi hepatitis C: Ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso kachilombo ka hepatitis C (HCV) ndipo mutenga interferon ndi ribavirin pa matenda a HCV, mungawononge chiwindi. Dokotala wanu ayenera kukuyang'anirani kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ngati mukuphatikiza lamivudine ndi mankhwalawa.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kapamba: Anthu omwe adachitapo kapamba m'mbuyomu atha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenganso matendawa akamamwa mankhwalawa. Zizindikiro za kapamba zimatha kuphatikizira m'mimba, kupweteka, nseru, kusanza, ndi kukoma mtima mukakhudza m'mimba.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwa impso: Ngati muli ndi matenda a impso kapena kuchepa kwa impso, impso zanu sizingagwiritse ntchito lamivudine mthupi lanu mwachangu. Dokotala wanu akhoza kuchepetsa mlingo wanu kuti mankhwala asamange m'thupi lanu.

Machenjezo kwa magulu ena

Kwa amayi apakati: Palibe maphunziro okwanira komanso owongoleredwa a lamivudine mwa amayi apakati.Lamivudine iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yapakati pokhapokha phindu lomwe lingakhalepo likuposa chiopsezo chotenga pakati.

Itanani dokotala wanu mukakhala ndi pakati mukamamwa mankhwalawa.

Kwa amayi omwe akuyamwitsa:

• Kwa amayi omwe ali ndi HIV: Awa amalimbikitsa kuti azimayi aku America omwe ali ndi HIV samayamwitsa kuti apewe kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV kudzera mkaka wa m'mawere.
• Kwa amayi omwe ali ndi HBV: Lamivudine amadutsa mkaka wa m'mawere. Komabe, palibe maphunziro okwanira omwe akuwonetsa zomwe zingakhudze mwana amene akuyamwitsa, kapena mkaka wa mayi.

Ngati mukuyamwitsa mwana wanu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Kambiranani za ubwino woyamwitsa, komanso kuopsa koonetsa mwana wanu ku lamivudine motsutsana ndi kuopsa kosalandira chithandizo cha matenda anu.

Kwa okalamba: Ngati muli ndi zaka 65 kapena kupitilira apo, thupi lanu limatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pang'onopang'ono. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani pamlingo wotsika kuti mankhwala ochulukirapo sangakule mthupi lanu. Mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri m'thupi lanu amatha kukhala owopsa.

Tengani monga mwalamulidwa

Lamivudine imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kwa nthawi yayitali. Pakhoza kukhala zovuta zoyipa kwambiri ngati simumamwa mankhwalawa ndendende momwe dokotala amakuwuzirani.

Mukasiya kumwa mankhwalawa kapena osamwa konse: Matenda anu amatha kukulira. Mutha kukhala ndi matenda akulu kwambiri komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi HIV kapena HBV.

Ngati mwaphonya Mlingo kapena osamwa mankhwalawo panthawi yake: Kumwa mankhwalawa nthawi imodzi tsiku lililonse kumawonjezera luso lanu loteteza kachilomboka. Ngati simutero, mumakhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda.

Zomwe muyenera kuchita mukaphonya mlingo: Mukaiwala kumwa mankhwala anu, tengani mwamsanga mukamakumbukira. Ngati kwangotsala maola ochepa kuti muyambe kumwa mankhwala, dikirani kuti mutenge mlingo wanu wabwinobwino nthawi yanthawi zonse.

Imwani piritsi limodzi kamodzi. Osayesa konse kutenga ndi kumwa mapiritsi awiri nthawi imodzi. Izi zitha kubweretsa zovuta zoyipa.

Momwe mungadziwire ngati mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito: Kuti muwone momwe chithandizo chanu chikugwirira ntchito, dokotala wanu adzawona:

• Zizindikiro
• Katundu wambiri. Adzawerengera ma virus kuti athe kuyeza kuchuluka kwa ma virus a HIV kapena HBV mthupi lanu.
• Chiwerengero cha ma CD4 (a HIV okha). Kuwerengera CD4 ndi mayeso omwe amayesa kuchuluka kwa ma CD4 mthupi lanu. Ma CD4 ndi maselo oyera omwe amalimbana ndi matenda. Kuwonjezeka kwa CD4 count ndi chizindikiro chakuti mankhwala anu a HIV akugwira ntchito.

Zofunikira pakumwa lamivudine

Kumbukirani izi ngati dokotala akukulemberani lamivudine.

Zonse

• Mutha kumwa lamivudine kapena wopanda chakudya.
• Mutha kudula kapena kuphwanya piritsi lamivudine.
• Ngati mukuvutika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, funsani dokotala za mawonekedwe ake.

Yosungirako

• Sungani mapiritsi a lamivudine kutentha kwapakati pa 68 ° F mpaka 77 ° F (20 ° C mpaka 25 ° C).
• Mapiritsiwa nthawi zina amatha kutentha pakati pa 59 ° F mpaka 86 ° F (15 ° C mpaka 30 ° C).
• Sungani mabotolo a mapiritsi kuti azitsekedwa bwino kuti akhale abwino komanso amphamvu.
• Musasunge mankhwalawa m'malo onyowa kapena onyowa, monga mabafa.

Zowonjezeranso

Mankhwala a mankhwalawa amakonzanso. Simuyenera kusowa mankhwala atsopano kuti mudzazidwenso. Dokotala wanu adzalemba kuchuluka kwa mafuta obwezerezedwanso pamankhwala anu.

Kuwunika kuchipatala

Kuyang'anira zamankhwala mukamamwa mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala wanu
• kuyesa magazi nthawi ndi nthawi kwa chiwindi komanso kuchuluka kwa CD4
• kuyesa kwina

Kupezeka

• Imbani patsogolo: Osati mankhwala aliwonse omwe amakhala ndi mankhwalawa. Mukadzaza mankhwala anu, onetsetsani kuti mwayitanitsa kuti muwone kuti anyamula.
• Zing'onozing'ono: Ngati mungofunika mapiritsi ochepa, muyenera kuyimbira mankhwala anu ndikufunsani ngati akupereka mapiritsi ochepa. Ma pharmacies ena sangapereke gawo limodzi la botolo.
• Ma pharmacies apadera: Mankhwalawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri kuchokera kuma pharmacies apadera kudzera mu inshuwaransi yanu. Ma pharmacieswa amagwira ntchito ngati ma pharmacy oyitanitsa makalata ndipo amakutumizirani mankhwalawo.
• Ma pharmacies a HIV: M'mizinda ikuluikulu, nthawi zambiri pamakhala malo azachipatala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV komwe mungadzaze mankhwala anu. Funsani dokotala ngati pali malo ogulitsa mankhwala a HIV m'dera lanu.

Chilolezo chisanachitike

Makampani ambiri a inshuwaransi amafuna chilolezo choyambirira cha mankhwalawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dokotala wanu adzafunika kuvomerezedwa ndi kampani yanu ya inshuwaransi kampani yanu ya inshuwaransi isanakulipireni mankhwalawo.

Kodi pali njira zina?

Pali mankhwala ambiri komanso kuphatikiza komwe kumatha kuchiza kachilombo ka HIV ndi HBV. Zina zingakhale zoyenera kwa inu kuposa ena. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zina zomwe zingatheke.

Chodzikanira: Healthaline yayesetsa kwambiri kuti zidziwitso zonse zikhale zolondola, zokwanira, komanso zaposachedwa. Komabe, nkhaniyi sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chidziwitso ndi ukadaulo wa akatswiri pazachipatala. Muyenera kufunsa adotolo kapena akatswiri azaumoyo musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse. Zambiri zamankhwala zomwe zili pano zitha kusintha ndipo sizingapangidwe kuti zigwiritse ntchito, mayendedwe, zodzitetezera, machenjezo, kulumikizana ndi mankhwala, kusokonezeka, kapena zovuta zina. Kusapezeka kwa machenjezo kapena zidziwitso za mankhwala omwe apatsidwa sikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza mankhwala kapena mankhwalawa ndiwotetezeka, ogwira ntchito, komanso oyenera kwa odwala onse kapena ntchito zina zilizonse.