Malungo: ndichiyani, kuzungulira, kufalitsa ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe kufalitsa kumachitikira
• Kuzungulira kwa matenda a malungo
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Momwe mungadzitetezere

Malungo ndi matenda opatsirana opatsirana kudzera mwa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu wamkazi Anopheles ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa Plasmodium, kukhala mitundu yofala kwambiri ku Brazil the Plasmodium vivax ndi Plasmodium malariae. Chifukwa chakuti imafalikira ndi udzudzu, njira yabwino yopewera malungo ili ndi njira zopewera kulumidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito zotetezera komanso kuteteza pazenera pogwiritsa ntchito zowonera.

Kamodzi mthupi la munthu wokhudzidwayo, the Plasmodium amapita pachiwindi, pomwe amachulukitsa kenako ndikufika m'magazi, pomwe imalowa ndikuphwanya maselo ofiira, ndikupangitsa zizindikilo monga kutentha thupi, thukuta, kuzizira, nseru, kusanza, kupweteka mutu komanso kufooka.

Malungo amachiritsidwa, koma ndikofunikira kuti mankhwala ayambike mwachangu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri matendawa amatha kukhala okhwima, ndi kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa ma platelet, kulephera kwa impso kapenanso kufooka kwaubongo, momwe mwayi wamavuto ndiimfa umakulirakulira.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za malungo nthawi zambiri zimawoneka pakati pa masiku 8 mpaka 14 pambuyo pakupatsirana, ndipo zimatha kutenga masiku 30 kapena kupitilira apo. Maonekedwe azizindikiro amatengera zinthu zokhudzana ndi Plasmodium, monga kuchuluka kwakachulukitsidwe ndi mitundu, ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi munthuyo, monga chitetezo chamthupi, makamaka. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri za malungo ndi:

• Fever, yomwe imatha kubwera ndikudutsa;
• Thukuta ndi kuzizira;
• Mutu wamphamvu;
• Nseru ndi kusanza;
• Kupweteka kwa thupi lonse;
• Kufooka ndi kutopa nthawi zonse;
• Khungu loyera ndi diso.

Zambiri mwazizindikirozi zimatha kukhala zovuta kuzindikira kuti ndi malungo, choncho zikachitika, ndikofunikira kupita kwa dokotala kuti akapeze matenda ndikuyamba chithandizo choyenera, makamaka ngati muli pamalo omwe malungo amapezeka, m'chigawo cha Amazon ndi Africa.

Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikilozi zitha kuwoneka m'zizunguliro, ndiko kuti, zimawonekera pakadutsa maola 48 kapena maola 72, kutengera mtundu wa Plasmodium ndiko kupatsira thupi.Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha momwe moyo wawo umakulira, akamakula amafika m'magazi ndipo amayambitsa zizindikilo zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira.

Matenda oopsa kwambiri a malungo amapezeka matendawa atasokoneza ubongo, ndikupangitsa mutu, kuuma kwa khosi, kukomoka, kugona ndi kukomoka. Zovuta zina zimaphatikizira kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kuchepa kwa ma platelet, impso kulephera kupuma. Dziwani zambiri pazizindikiro za malungo ndi matenda a malungo.

Momwe kufalitsa kumachitikira

Kufala kwa malungo kumachitika mwa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu wamkazi Anopheles ali ndi kachilomboka, amene anatenga tizilomboto tikamaluma munthu amene watenga matendawa. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti malungo sakhala opatsirana, ndiye kuti, samayambukiridwa kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina, kupatula momwe zimakhalira ndikugawana ma syringe ndi singano zomwe zili ndi kachilombo, kuthiridwa magazi mosavomerezeka komanso / kapena kubereka.

Nthawi zambiri, udzudzu umaluma anthu nthawi yamadzulo kapena madzulo. Malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuipitsidwa ndi South America, Central America, Africa ndi gawo lina la Asia, makamaka m'malo omwe ali ndi madzi oyera opanda pompano, chinyezi komanso kutentha pakati pa 20º ndi 30ºC. Ku Brazil, mayiko omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malungo ndi Amazonas, Roraima, Acre, Tocantins, Pará, Amapá, Mato Grosso, Maranhão ndi Rondônia.

Kuzungulira kwa matenda a malungo

Kuzungulira kwa majeremusi Plasmodium m'thupi la munthu zimachitika motere:

1. Kuluma kwa udzudzu wamkazi Anopheles imatumiza, kudzera m'malovu ake, Plasmodium kumwazi wamagazi wamunthu, mgulu lake la Sporozoite;
2. Sporozoites amapita pachiwindi, pomwe amakula ndikuchulukana, kwa masiku pafupifupi 15, ndikupangitsa mawonekedwe a Merozoite;
3. Merozoites amasokoneza maselo a chiwindi ndikufika m'magazi, kuyamba kulowa m'maselo ofiira ofiira;
4. Mkati mwa maselo amwazi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, omwe amatchedwa Schizonts, tiziromboti timachulukana ndikusokoneza selo ili, ndikuyamba kulowerera ena, mozungulira kwa maola 48 mpaka 72.

Pakati pa schizont iliyonse, kuzungulira kumasiyana malinga ndi mitundu ya Plasmodium, pokhala maola 48 a mitundu ya zamoyo P. falciparum, P. vivax, ndi P. ovalendi 72 h kwaP. malungo. Munthawi yomwe maselo ofiira amang'ambika ndipo ma schizonts amakhala omasuka m'magazi, zizindikilo zimatha kuwonekera kwambiri, makamaka malungo ndi kuzizira.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zikawonekera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupite kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala, makamaka ngati zizindikirazo zikuwonekera maola 48 kapena 72 aliwonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, adotolo azindikira kupezeka kwa tiziromboti m'thupi kudzera m'mayeso amwazi, popeza amakonda mayeso ofiira kapena amthupi, kutha kuyambitsa chithandizo choyenera, kuteteza kuti matendawa asakule ndikuyika moyo wa wodwalayo chiopsezo.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha malungo chimakhala ndi mankhwala olimbana ndi malungo, monga Chloroquine, Primaquine, Artemeter ndi Lumefantrine kapena Artesunate ndi Mefloquine, omwe amagwira ntchito powononga Plasmodium ndi kuteteza kufala kwake.

Mankhwala osankhidwa, kuchuluka kwake komanso kutalika kwake amawonetsedwa ndi dokotala malinga ndi msinkhu, kuopsa kwa matendawa ndikuwunika zaumoyo. Ana, makanda ndi amayi apakati amafunikira chithandizo chapadera, ndi Quinine kapena Clindamycin, nthawi zonse mogwirizana ndi malingaliro azachipatala ndipo, makamaka, kuchipatala kumawonetsedwa.

Zimalimbikitsidwanso:

• Idyani bwinobwino;
• Osamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa;
• Osayimitsa chithandizocho ngakhale zitatha zizindikiro, chifukwa cha chiopsezo chobwereranso komanso zovuta zamatendawa.

Chithandizo cha malungo chiyenera kuyambitsidwa mwachangu, chifukwa chitha kupita patsogolo kwambiri ndipo, popanda chithandizo choyenera, chitha kupha. Dziwani zambiri za momwe mankhwala amathandizira kuti achire mwachangu.

Momwe mungadzitetezere

Kupewa malungo kumatha kuchitika kudzera:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito zovala zonyezimira komanso nsalu zabwino, wokhala ndi manja atali ndi mathalauza atali;
• Pewani malo omwe amakonda kudetsedwa za matenda, makamaka nthawi yamadzulo kapena mbandakucha;
• Gwiritsani ntchito zotetezera ku DEET (N-N-diethylmetatoluamide), polemekeza malangizo a wopanga pankhani yoloza wobwezeretsa;
• Valani zowonetsera zoteteza motsutsana ndi udzudzu pazenera ndi zitseko;
• Pewani nyanja, mayiwe ndi mitsinje nthawi yamadzulo komanso madzulo.

Aliyense amene amapita kumalo komwe kuli malungo atha kulandira chithandizo choteteza, chotchedwa chemoprophylaxis, ndi mankhwala oletsa malungo, monga Doxycycline, Mefloquine kapena Chloroquine.

Komabe, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi zovuta zina, chifukwa chake dokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kupewa kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda akulu, monga kupita kumalo omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chambiri kapena munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda omwe atha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu ndi matenda.

Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito atalandira upangiri wa zamankhwala ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba tsiku limodzi ulendo usanachitike ndikupitilira masiku kapena milungu ingapo mutabwerako.