Kodi Matenda a Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Amathandizidwa Bwanji?

Zamkati

• Kodi CML imathandizidwa bwanji?
• Mankhwala othandizira
• Zamgululi (Gleevec)
• Dasatinib (Sprycel)
• Nilotinib (Tasigna)
• Distance Mwinilunga (Bosulif)
• Ponatinib (Iclusig)
• Chithandizo chofulumira
• Kupanga khungu la tsinde
• Chemotherapy
• Mayesero azachipatala
• Zipatala zabwino kwambiri zamankhwala a CML
• Kulimbana ndi zovuta zoyipa
• Malangizo oti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino mukamalandira chithandizo cha CML
• Thandizo panthawi ya chithandizo
• Njira zochiritsira homeopathic
• Chiwonetsero

Kodi CML imathandizidwa bwanji?

Matenda a myeloid leukemia (CML) ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imakhudza mafupa. Imayambira m'maselo omwe amapanga magazi, ndipo ma cell a khansa amayamba pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Maselo omwe ali ndi matendawa samafa nthawi yoyenera ndipo pang'onopang'ono amadzaza maselo athanzi.

CML iyenera kuti imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa khungu lamagazi kutulutsa mapuloteni ambiri a tyrosine kinase. Puloteni iyi ndi yomwe imalola kuti ma cell a khansa akule ndikuchuluka.

Pali njira zingapo zochiritsira za CML. Mankhwalawa amayang'ana kwambiri pakuchotsa maselo amwazi omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa majini. Maselowa akathetsedwa bwino, matendawa amatha kukhululukidwa.

Mankhwala othandizira

Gawo loyamba la chithandizo nthawi zambiri limakhala mankhwala omwe amatchedwa tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri pakuyang'anira CML ikakhala m'chigawo chachikulu, ndipamene kuchuluka kwa maselo a khansa m'magazi kapena m'mafupa kumakhala kotsika.

TKIs imagwira ntchito poletsa tyrosine kinase ndikuletsa kukula kwa maselo atsopano a khansa. Mankhwalawa amatha kumwa pakamwa.

Ma TKI akhala chithandizo chovomerezeka cha CML, ndipo pali zingapo zomwe zilipo. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amalabadira chithandizo ndi ma TKIs. Anthu ena amatha kulimbana nawo. Pakadali pano, mankhwala kapena chithandizo china chimatha kulimbikitsidwa.

Anthu omwe amalandira chithandizo ndi ma TKI nthawi zambiri amafunika kuwamwa mpaka kalekale. Ngakhale chithandizo cha TKI chitha kubweretsa kukhululukidwa, sichimachotsa kwathunthu CML.

Zamgululi (Gleevec)

Gleevec anali TKI woyamba kugunda pamsika. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi CML amayankha mwachangu ku Gleevec. Zotsatira zoyipa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofewa ndipo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• nseru ndi kusanza
• kutsegula m'mimba
• kutopa
• kupangika kwamadzimadzi, makamaka pamaso, pamimba, ndi miyendo
• kulumikizana ndi minofu
• zotupa pakhungu
• kuchuluka kwa magazi

Dasatinib (Sprycel)

Dasatinib itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala oyamba, kapena Gleevec sakugwira kapena sangaloledwe. Sprycel ali ndi zovuta zofananira ngati Gleevec.

Sprycel akuwonekeranso kuti amachulukitsa chiwopsezo cha kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo mwanga (PAH). PAH ndi vuto lowopsa lomwe limachitika kuthamanga kwa magazi kukakhala kwambiri m'mitsempha ya m'mapapu.

Chotsatira china chowopsa cha Sprycel ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kuponderezedwa kwamagazi. Apa ndipamene madzi amadzaza m'mapapu. Sprycel siyikulimbikitsidwa kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima kapena mapapo.

Nilotinib (Tasigna)

Monga Gleevec ndi Sprycel, Nilotinib (Tasigna) amathanso kukhala mankhwala oyamba. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ena sagwira ntchito kapena zovuta zake ndizazikulu kwambiri.

Tasigna ali ndi zovuta zofananira ndi ma TKI ena, komanso zovuta zina zowopsa zomwe madokotala ayenera kuwunika. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• ziphuphu zotupa
• mavuto a chiwindi
• mavuto a electrolyte
• kutaya magazi (kutuluka magazi)
• vuto lalikulu la mtima lomwe litha kupha lomwe limatchedwa QT syndrome yayitali

Distance Mwinilunga (Bosulif)

Ngakhale Bosutinib (Bosulif) nthawi zina amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala oyamba a CML, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa anthu omwe ayesapo kale ma TKIs ena.

Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zomwe zimafala ndi ma TKIs ena, Bosulif amathanso kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, kuwonongeka kwa impso, kapena mavuto amtima. Komabe, mitundu iyi ya zotsatirapo ndizosowa.

Ponatinib (Iclusig)

Ponatinib (Iclusig) ndi mankhwala okhawo omwe amayang'ana kusintha kwa majini. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa zovuta zoyipa, ndizoyenera kwa iwo omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa jini kapena omwe ayesa ma TKI ena onse osachita bwino.

Iclusig imawonjezera ngozi yamagazi omwe angayambitse matenda amtima kapena kupwetekedwa mtima komanso atha kupangitsa mtima kulephera. Zotsatira zina zoyipa zimaphatikizaponso mavuto a chiwindi komanso kapamba wotupa.

Chithandizo chofulumira

Mu gawo lolimbikitsidwa la CML, maselo a khansa amayamba kumangirira mwachangu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, anthu omwe ali mgululi sangakhale ndi mayankho olimba ku mitundu ina ya chithandizo.

Monga gawo lanthawi yayitali, imodzi mwanjira zoyambirira zamankhwala zomwe mungachite mwachangu CML ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma TKIs. Ngati munthu akutenga kale Gleevec, kuchuluka kwake kumatha kuwonjezeka. Ndizothekanso kuti amasinthidwa kukhala TKI yatsopano m'malo mwake.

Zina mwa njira zochiritsira zomwe mungachite mwachangu ndizophatikizira ma cell kapena stem chemotherapy. Izi zitha kulimbikitsidwa makamaka kwa iwo omwe chithandizo ndi ma TKI sichinagwire ntchito.

Kupanga khungu la tsinde

Ponseponse, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuyika maselo am'magazi chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito a TKIs. Zosintha zimalimbikitsidwa kwa iwo omwe sanayankhe mankhwala ena a CML kapena ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha CML.

Pakuika maselo am'madzi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo a chemotherapy amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha ma cell m'mafupa anu, kuphatikiza ma cell a khansa. Pambuyo pake, maselo opangira magazi ochokera kwa woperekayo, nthawi zambiri abale kapena abale, amalowetsedwa m'magazi anu.

Maselo opereka atsopanowa atha kupita m'malo mwa maselo a khansa omwe achotsedwa ndi chemotherapy. Ponseponse, kusungidwa kwa tsinde ndi mtundu wokhawo wamankhwala womwe ungathe kuchiritsa CML.

Kuika ma cell a stem kumatha kukhala kovutitsa thupi ndipo kumatha kukhala ndi zovuta zoyipa. Chifukwa cha izi, atha kulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi CML omwe ndi achichepere ndipo amakhala athanzi labwino.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy inali njira yovomerezeka ya CML pamaso pa ma TKIs. Zidali zothandiza kwa odwala ena omwe sanakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino ndi ma TKI.

Nthawi zina, chemotherapy imapatsidwa mankhwala limodzi ndi TKI. Chemotherapy itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupha ma cell omwe ali ndi khansa, pomwe ma TKI amasunga ma cell atsopano a khansa kuti asapangidwe.

Zotsatira zoyipa zokhudzana ndi chemotherapy zimadalira mankhwala a chemotherapy omwe akutengedwa. Zitha kuphatikizira zinthu monga:

• kutopa
• nseru ndi kusanza
• kutayika tsitsi
• zotupa pakhungu
• Kuchulukitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda
• osabereka

Mayesero azachipatala

Mayesero azachipatala omwe amayang'ana kwambiri chithandizo cha CML akupitilira. Cholinga cha mayeserowa ndi kuyesa kuyesa chitetezo cha mankhwala atsopano a CML kapena kusintha pamankhwala omwe alipo a CML.

Kutenga nawo gawo pazoyeserera zamankhwala kumatha kukupatsani mwayi wopeza chithandizo chatsopano, chatsopano kwambiri. Komabe, nkofunikanso kukumbukira kuti chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zamankhwala chimatha kukhala chosagwira ntchito ngati mankhwala amtundu wa CML.

Ngati mukufuna kulembetsa mayeso azachipatala, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Amatha kukupatsirani lingaliro lamayeso omwe mungakhale oyenerera komanso maubwino osiyanasiyana ndi zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi uliwonse wa iwo.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zamayesero omwe akuchitika pompano, pali zina zomwe mungapeze. National Cancer Institute imasungabe mayeso omwe alipo a CML omwe akuthandizidwa ndi NCI. Kuphatikiza apo, ClinicalTrials.gov ndi nkhokwe yosaka yamayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi anthu pagulu.

Zipatala zabwino kwambiri zamankhwala a CML

Pambuyo pa matenda a khansa, mudzafuna kupeza chipatala chomwe chili ndi akatswiri omwe amayang'ana kwambiri chithandizo cha CML. Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungachitire izi:

• Funsani kutumizidwa. Dokotala wanu woyang'anira wamkulu atha kukudziwitsani za zipatala zabwino kwambiri mdera lanu pochiza CML.
• Gwiritsani ntchito Commission on Cancer Hospital Locator. Woyang'aniridwa ndi American College of Surgeons, chida ichi chimakupatsani mwayi wofanizira malo osiyanasiyana othandizira khansa mdera lanu.
• Onani malo osankhidwa a National Cancer Institute. Izi zitha kuphatikizira malo omwe amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala chofunikira kwambiri cha khansa. Mutha kupeza mndandanda wa iwo.

Kulimbana ndi zovuta zoyipa

Zina mwa zoyipa zomwe zimapezeka pamankhwala ambiri a CML ndi monga:

• kutopa
• zopweteka ndi zowawa
• nseru ndi kusanza
• kuchuluka kwa magazi

Kutopa kumatha. Masiku ena ukhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo masiku ena umatha kutopa kwambiri. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi kutopa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mtundu wa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zingakhale zoyenera kwa inu.

Dokotala wanu adzagwiranso ntchito nanu kuti apange dongosolo lothandizira kuthana ndi ululu. Izi zingaphatikizepo zinthu monga kumwa mankhwala oyenera, kukumana ndi katswiri wazopweteka, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira monga kutikita minofu kapena kutema mphini.

Mankhwala amatha kuthandiza kuchepetsa zizindikilo monga nseru ndi kusanza. Kuphatikiza apo, mungasankhe kupewa zakudya kapena zakumwa zomwe zimawonjezera zizindikirizi.

Kuchuluka kwa magazi kumatha kukupangitsani kukhala ochepera kuzinthu zingapo monga kuchepa magazi, magazi osavuta, kapena kubwera ndi matenda. Kuwunika izi ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mutha kuzindikira zizindikilo zawo ndikupeza chisamaliro chapanthawi.

Malangizo oti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino mukamalandira chithandizo cha CML

Tsatirani malangizo ena pansipa kuti mukhale athanzi momwe mungathere ndi chithandizo cha CML:

• Pitirizani kukhala otakataka.
• Idyani chakudya chopatsa thanzi, choyang'ana zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zatsopano.
• Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa mowa womwe mumamwa.
• Sambani m'manja pafupipafupi ndipo yeretsani malo kuti musatenge matenda.
• Yesetsani kusiya kusuta.
• Tengani mankhwala onse monga mwauzidwa.
• Lolani gulu lanu losamalira likudziwe ngati mukukumana ndi zatsopano kapena zowonjezereka.

Thandizo panthawi ya chithandizo

Ndizabwinobwino kumva zinthu zosiyanasiyana mukamalandira chithandizo cha CML. Kuphatikiza pa kuthana ndi zovuta zamankhwala, nthawi zina mumatha kukhala ndi nkhawa, kuda nkhawa kapena kumva chisoni.

Khalani omasuka komanso owona mtima kwa okondedwa anu za momwe mukumvera. Kumbukirani kuti mwina akuyang'ana njira zokuthandizirani, choncho awuzeni momwe angathandizire. Izi zitha kuphatikizira zinthu monga kuchita ntchito zina, kuthandiza pakhomo, kapena kungomvetsera.

Nthawi zina, kulankhulana ndi katswiri wazamaganizidwe anu kungathandizenso. Ngati ichi ndichinthu chomwe mumakondwera nacho, dokotala wanu akhoza kukuthandizani kukutumizirani kwa aphungu kapena othandizira.

Kuphatikiza apo, kugawana zomwe mukukumana nazo ndi ena omwe akukumana ndi zoterezi kungathandizenso. Onetsetsani kuti mufunse za magulu othandizira khansa mdera lanu.

Njira zochiritsira homeopathic

Mankhwala owonjezera komanso othandizira (CAM) amaphatikizapo machitidwe osagwirizana ndiumoyo, monga homeopathy, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo kapena limodzi ndi mankhwala ochiritsira.

Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a CAM omwe atsimikiziridwa kuti amathandizira mwachindunji CML.

Komabe, mutha kupeza kuti mitundu ina ya CAM imakuthandizani kuthana ndi zizindikiro za CML kapena zovuta zamankhwala monga kutopa kapena kupweteka. Zitsanzo zina zingaphatikizepo zinthu monga:

• kutikita
• yoga
• kutema mphini
• kusinkhasinkha

Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala musanayambe mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala a CAM. N'zotheka kuti mitundu ina ya mankhwala a CAM angapangitse mankhwala anu a CML kukhala osagwira ntchito.

Chiwonetsero

Chithandizo choyamba cha CML ndi ma TKIs. Ngakhale mankhwalawa ali ndi zovuta zingapo zotheka, zina zomwe zingakhale zovuta, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zothandiza pochiza CML.

M'malo mwake, mitengo ya 5- ndi 10 yopulumuka kwa CML kuyambira pomwe ma TKI adayambitsidwa. Ngakhale anthu ambiri amapita kukhululukidwa pomwe ali pa TKIs, nthawi zambiri amafunika kupitiliza kuwatenga kwa moyo wawo wonse.

Sikuti milandu yonse ya CML imayankha chithandizo chamankhwala a TKIs. Anthu ena amatha kuwatsutsa, pomwe ena amatha kukhala ndi matenda amtundu wankhanza kapena owopsa. Muzochitika izi, chemotherapy kapena kuponyera ma cell a stem kungalimbikitsidwe.

Nthawi zonse kumakhala kofunika kukambirana ndi dokotala musanayambe mankhwala atsopano a CML. Amatha kukupatsirani lingaliro la mitundu yazovuta zomwe mungakumane nazo komanso njira zokuthandizani kuthana nazo.