Kuwunika Melanoma: Kufotokozera

Zamkati

• Kodi madokotala amadziwa bwanji gawo la khansa ya khansa?
• Kodi dongosolo la TNM ndi chiyani?
• Kodi magawo a khansa ya khansa ndi mankhwala otani?
• Malangizo olepheretsa khansa ya khansa

Khansa ya khansa

Melanoma ndi mtundu wa khansa yapakhungu yomwe imayamba pomwe maselo a khansa amayamba kukula m'matope a melanocytes, kapena maselo omwe amatulutsa melanin. Awa ndi ma cell omwe amayenera kupatsa khungu mtundu wake. Melanoma imatha kupezeka paliponse pakhungu, ngakhale pamaso. Ngakhale kuti vutoli ndi lachilendo, madokotala akupeza anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya khansa kuposa kale.

Ngati munthu wapezeka kuti ali ndi khansa ya khansa, dokotala amuyezetsa kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa khansa ya khansa komanso kukula kwa chotupacho. Dokotala adzagwiritsa ntchito izi kuti apereke gawo la mtundu wa khansa. Pali magawo asanu akuluakulu a khansa ya khansa, kuyambira pa siteji 0 mpaka siteji 4. Kuchuluka kwa chiwerengerocho, khansa imakula kwambiri.

Pogwiritsira ntchito njira yochitira izi, madokotala ndi odwala amatha kumvetsetsa njira zomwe angalandire chithandizo. Staging imapereka malo ofotokozera mwachangu kuti athandize madotolo kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake za dongosolo lamankhwala la munthu komanso malingaliro ake.

Kodi madokotala amadziwa bwanji gawo la khansa ya khansa?

Madokotala amalimbikitsa njira zingapo zoyesera kuti adziwe kukhalapo kwa khansa ya khansa ndikufalikira. Zitsanzo za njirazi ndi monga:

• Kuyesa kwakuthupi. Melanoma imatha kumera kulikonse m'thupi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake madotolo nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kuti anthu aziyang'anitsitsa khungu, kuphatikizapo pamutu komanso pakati pa zala. Dokotala amathanso kufunsa zosintha zaposachedwa pakhungu kapena tinthu tomwe timakhalapo kale.
• Kujambula kwa CT. Zomwe zimatchedwanso CAT scan, CT scan imatha kupanga zithunzi za thupi kuti zizindikire zomwe zingachitike ngati chotupa ndi chotupa chikufalikira.
• Kujambula kwa Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Chojambulachi chimagwiritsa ntchito maginito mphamvu ndi mafunde a wailesi kupanga zithunzi. Dokotala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radioactive omwe amadziwika kuti gadolinium omwe amawunikira ma cell a khansa.
• Kusanthula kwa Positron emission tomography (PET). Uwu ndi mtundu wina wamaphunziro woyerekeza womwe thupi limagwiritsa ntchito shuga (shuga wamagazi) mphamvu. Chifukwa zotupa zimadya shuga kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati zowala pazithunzi.
• Kuyezetsa magazi. Anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya khansa amatha kukhala ndi ma enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
• Chisokonezo. Dokotala angatengeko chotupa cha khansa komanso ma lymph node apafupi.

Madokotala adzawona zotsatira za mayeso aliwonsewa mukazindikira khansa.

Kodi dongosolo la TNM ndi chiyani?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwika bwino yotchedwa American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM system. Kalata iliyonse yamtundu wa TNM imathandizira kutulutsa chotupacho.

• T ndi chotupa. Chotupa chachikulu chikakula, chotupacho chimakula kwambiri. Madokotala azipereka T-alama kutengera kukula kwa khansa ya khansa. T0 palibe umboni wa chotupa choyambirira, pomwe T1 ndi khansa ya khansa yomwe ndi 1.0 millimeter wandiweyani kapena yocheperako. Khansa ya khansa ya T4 ndi yayikulu kuposa mamilimita 4.0.
• N ndi ya ma lymph node. Ngati khansara yafalikira ku ma lymph node, imakhala yoopsa kwambiri. NX ndipamene dokotala samatha kuwona madera am'madera, pomwe N0 ndipamene dokotala samatha kuzindikira kuti khansara yafalikira kuzinthu zina. Ntchito N3 ndi pomwe khansa idafalikira kumatenda am'magazi ambiri.
• M ndi ya metastasized. Ngati khansara yafalikira ku ziwalo zina, matendawa amakhala osauka. Kutchulidwa kwa M0 ndipomwe kulibe umboni wa metastases. M1A ndipamene khansa yadzaza m'mapapo. Komabe, M1C ndi pomwe khansara yafalikira ku ziwalo zina.

Madokotala azigwiritsa ntchito "mphambu" pazinthu zonsezi kuti adziwe gawo la khansa ya khansa.

Kodi magawo a khansa ya khansa ndi mankhwala otani?

Tebulo lotsatirali likufotokoza gawo lililonse la khansa ya khansa komanso momwe amachiritsira aliyense. Komabe, izi zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera thanzi la munthu aliyense, msinkhu wake, komanso zofuna zawo pa zamankhwala.

Malangizo olepheretsa khansa ya khansa

Monga tanenera kale, khansa ya khansa ndi khansa yapakhungu yosowa. Nthawi zina munthu sangakhale ndi mbiri yabwino yokhudza kutentha kwa dzuwa komabe amatenga khansa ya pakhungu. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha mbiri yabanja yamwambowu. Komabe, pali zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha khansa ya khansa:

• Pewani kukhala padzuwa mopitirira muyeso ndikukhala mumthunzi nthawi zonse kuti mupewe kunyezimira kwa dzuwa.
• Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mabedi ofufuta nsalu kapena sunlamp poyesa kusoka. Malinga ndi American Cancer Society, iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mabedi osenda khungu ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya khansa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito kachipangizo kameneka "Slip! Slop! Mbama ... ndikumanga! ” kukumbukira kuterera pa malaya, kutsetsereka pa mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa, kuwomba chipewa, ndi kukulunga magalasi oteteza maso anu ku kuwala kwa dzuwa.
• Nthawi zonse muziyang'ana khungu kuti muone ngati zikusintha. Anthu ena amatha kujambula zithunzi za khungu lawo ndikuzifanizira mwezi uliwonse kuti aone ngati zasintha.

Nthawi iliyonse munthu akaona khungu losintha kapena gawo la khungu lomwe limawoneka lophwanyika, losweka, kapena lotuluka zilonda zina ayenera kufunsa dermatologist kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa.