Matenda a khansa ya m'mimba

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za khansa ya pakhungu ndi yotani?
• Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a khansa ya pakhungu?
• Zowopsa
• Kodi metastatic melanoma imapezeka bwanji?
• Kuzindikira khansa ya khansa
• Kuzindikira khansa ya khansa ya m'mimba
• Kodi matenda a khansa ya m'mimba amachiritsidwa bwanji?
• Zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi chithandizo
• Kodi malingaliro a metastatic melanoma ndi ati?

Kodi melanoma ya metastatic ndi chiyani?

Melanoma ndi khansa yapakhungu yosowa kwambiri komanso yoopsa kwambiri. Imayamba ndi ma melanocyte, omwe ndimaselo pakhungu lanu omwe amatulutsa melanin. Melanin ndi pigment yomwe imayambitsa khungu.

Melanoma imakula pakhungu lanu, lomwe nthawi zambiri limafanana ndi timadontho. Kukula kapena zotupa izi zimathanso kubwera kuchokera ku timadontho tomwe tili kale. Ma Melanomas amatha kupanga pakhungu kulikonse m'thupi lanu, kuphatikiza mkamwa kapena kumaliseche.

Metastatic melanoma imachitika khansa ikafalikira kuchokera pachotupa kupita mbali zina za thupi lanu. Izi zimadziwikanso kuti siteji 4 ya khansa ya pakhungu. Melanoma ndiye khansa yambiri pakhungu yomwe imatha kukhala metastatic ngati singagwidwe msanga.

Mitengo ya khansa ya khansa yakhala ikuwonjezeka pazaka 30 zapitazi. Akuti anthu 10,130 amwalira ndi khansa ya khansa mu 2016.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya pakhungu ndi yotani?

Tizilombo tosazolowereka titha kukhala chizindikiro chokhacho cha khansa ya pakhungu yomwe sinatenthedwebe.

Timadontho tomwe timayambitsa matenda a khansa ya khansa titha kukhala ndi izi:

Kulemera: Magulu onse awiri a mole yathanzi amawoneka ofanana kwambiri ngati mulemba mzere.Magawo awiri a mole kapena kukula komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi khansa ya khansa kumawoneka mosiyana kwambiri.

Malire: Mole yolemera imakhala yosalala, ngakhale malire. Ma Melanomas adutsa malire kapena osagwirizana.

Mtundu; Khansa ya khansa imakhala ndi mitundu yoposa imodzi kuphatikiza:

• bulauni
• khungu
• wakuda
• chofiira
• zoyera
• buluu

Kukula: Ma Melanomas amatha kukhala okulirapo kuposa ma moles abwino. Nthawi zambiri zimakula kukhala zazikulu kuposa chofufutira pensulo

Muyenera kukhala ndi dokotala nthawi zonse kuti afufuze mole yomwe imasintha kukula, mawonekedwe, kapena utoto chifukwa chitha kukhala chizindikiro cha khansa.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'matumbo zimadalira komwe khansa yafalikira. Zizindikirozi zimangowonekera khansara itayamba kale.

Ngati muli ndi khansa yapakhosi ya metastatic, mutha kukhala ndi zizindikiro monga:

• ziphuphu zolimba pansi pa khungu lako
• ma lymph node otupa kapena opweteka
• kuvuta kupuma kapena chifuwa chomwe sichitha, ngati khansara yafalikira m'mapapu anu
• kukulitsa chiwindi kapena kusowa kwa njala, ngati khansara yafalikira ku chiwindi kapena m'mimba
• kupweteka kwa mafupa kapena mafupa osweka, ngati khansara yafalikira mpaka fupa
• kuonda
• kutopa
• kupweteka mutu
• kugwidwa, ngati khansara yafalikira ku ubongo wanu
• kufooka kapena kufooka m'manja kapena miyendo yanu

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a khansa ya pakhungu?

Khansa ya pakhungu imayamba chifukwa chakusintha kwa khungu lopanga khungu. Madokotala pakadali pano amakhulupirira kuti kuwonongedwa kwambiri kwa kuwala kwa ma ultraviolet mwina kuchokera padzuwa kapena mabedi opangira khungu ndiye komwe kumayambitsa.

Metastatic melanoma imachitika khansa ya khansa ikapanda kuzindikira ndikuthandizidwa msanga.

Zowopsa

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya khansa. Omwe ali ndi mbiri yakubanja ya khansa ya khansa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa omwe alibe. Pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya anthu omwe amakhala ndi khansa ya khansa amakhala ndi mbiri yakubadwa kwa matendawa. Zina mwaziwopsezo ndizo:

• khungu loyera kapena lowala
• kuchuluka kwa timadontho-timadontho, makamaka timadontho tosasinthasintha
• kuwonekera pafupipafupi kuwala kwa ultraviolet

Anthu omwe ali okalamba amatha kukhala ndi khansa ya khansa kusiyana ndi achinyamata. Ngakhale zili choncho, khansa ya khansa ndi imodzi mwa khansa yofala kwambiri kwa anthu ochepera zaka 30, makamaka mwa atsikana. Atakwanitsa zaka 50, abambo amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya khansa.

Kuopsa kwa melanomas kukhala metastatic kumakhala kwakukulu kwa iwo omwe ali ndi:

• melanomas oyambilira, omwe amawoneka khungu
• khansa ya pakhungu yomwe siichotsedwa
• chitetezo chamthupi choponderezedwa

Kodi metastatic melanoma imapezeka bwanji?

Mukawona mole yachilendo kapena kukula, pangani msonkhano kuti mukayang'ane ndi dermatologist. Dermatologist ndi dokotala yemwe amadziwika bwino pakhungu.

Kuzindikira khansa ya khansa

Ngati mole yanu ikuwoneka yokayikitsa, dermatologist wanu akuchotsani zochepa kuti muwone ngati ali ndi khansa yapakhungu. Ngati ibwerera ili ndi chiyembekezo, atha kuchotsa moleyo kwathunthu. Izi zimatchedwa biopsy yopatsa chidwi.

Awonanso chotupacho potengera makulidwe ake. Nthawi zambiri, chotupacho chimakhala cholimba, khansa ya khansa imakula kwambiri. Izi zidzakhudza dongosolo lawo la mankhwala.

Kuzindikira khansa ya khansa ya m'mimba

Ngati khansa ya khansa yapezeka, dokotala wanu adzayesa mayeso kuti atsimikizire kuti khansara siinafalikire.

Chimodzi mwazoyesera zoyambirira zomwe angayitanitse ndi sentinel node biopsy. Izi zimaphatikizapo kubaya utoto m'dera lomwe khansa ya khansa idachotsedwa. Utoto umasunthira ku ma lymph node apafupi. Ma lymph node awa amachotsedwa ndikuwunika ma cell a khansa. Ngati alibe khansa, zimatanthauza kuti khansayo siinafalikire.

Ngati khansara ili muma lymph node anu, dokotala wanu adzagwiritsa ntchito mayeso ena kuti awone ngati khansayo yafalikira kwina kulikonse mthupi lanu. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• X-ray
• Kujambula kwa CT
• Kujambula kwa MRI
• Chithunzi cha PET
• Kuyesa magazi

Kodi matenda a khansa ya m'mimba amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Kuchiza kwa kukula kwa khansa ya khansa kumayamba ndikuchita opareshoni yochotsa chotupacho ndi maselo a khansa mozungulira. Opaleshoni yokha imatha kuchiza khansa ya khansa yomwe siinafalikirebe.

Khansara ikafalikira komanso kufalikira, mankhwala ena amafunika.

Ngati khansara yafalikira ku ma lymph node anu, madera omwe akhudzidwa akhoza kuchotsedwa kudzera mu lymph node dissection. Madokotala amathanso kupereka mankhwala a interferon pambuyo pochitidwa opaleshoni kuti athe kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa khansa.

Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni radiation, immunotherapy, kapena chemotherapy kuti muchiritse metastatic melanoma. Opaleshoni itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa khansa mbali zina za thupi lanu.

Metastatic melanoma nthawi zambiri imavuta kuchiza. Komabe, mayesero ambiri azachipatala akuchitika omwe akuyang'ana njira zatsopano zochizira vutoli.

Zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi chithandizo

Chithandizo cha metastatic melanoma chimatha kuyambitsa nseru, kupweteka, kusanza, ndi kutopa.

Kuchotsa ma lymph node kungasokoneze mitsempha yamagazi. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti madzi azimangika komanso kutupa m'miyendo, yotchedwa lymphedema.

Anthu ena amasokonezeka kapena "kusokonezeka m'maganizo" panthawi ya chithandizo cha chemotherapy. Izi ndizakanthawi. Ena amatha kudwala matendawa kapena kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yochokera ku chemotherapy. Izi zitha kukhala zachikhalire.

Kodi malingaliro a metastatic melanoma ndi ati?

Matenda a khansa yapakhosi amachiritsidwa akagwidwa ndikuchiritsidwa msanga. Melanoma ikakhala metastatic, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuchiza. Pafupifupi zaka zisanu kupulumuka kwa gawo 4 metastatic melanoma ndi pafupifupi 15 mpaka 20%.

Ngati mudakhala ndi melanoma kapena melanomas metastatic m'mbuyomu, ndikofunikira kuti mupitilize kutsatira dokotala wanu pafupipafupi. Metastatic melanoma imatha kubwereranso, ndipo imatha kubwereranso mbali zina za thupi lanu.

Kuzindikira msanga ndikofunikira pochiza melanoma bwinobwino isanakhale metastatic. Konzani nthawi yanu ndi dermatologist kukayezetsa khansa yapakhungu pachaka. Muyeneranso kuwaimbira foni mukazindikira ma moles atsopano kapena akusintha.