Multiple Sclerosis Amadziwika Bwanji?

Zamkati

• Kodi zizindikiro za MS ndi ziti?
• Kodi njira yothetsera matenda a MS ndi yotani?
• Kuyezetsa magazi
• Kutulutsa mayesero omwe angakhalepo
• Kujambula kwamaginito (MRI)
• Lumbar kuboola (tapampopi)
• Njira zodziwitsa
• Kodi njira yodziwitsa matenda ndi yosiyana pamtundu uliwonse wa MS?
• Kubwezeretsanso-MS
• Kupita patsogolo kwa MS
• MS yopita patsogolo yachiwiri
• Matenda opatsirana pogonana (CIS)
• Tengera kwina

Kodi multiple sclerosis ndi chiyani?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) ndimkhalidwe pomwe chitetezo chamthupi chimagwetsa minofu yathanzi mkati mwa dongosolo lamanjenje (CNS). Madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi awa:

• ubongo
• msana
• misempha chamawonedwe

Pali mitundu ingapo ya multiple sclerosis, koma madotolo pano alibe mayeso otsimikiza kuti adziwe ngati wina ali ndi vutoli.

Chifukwa palibe mayesero amodzi a MS, dokotala wanu akhoza kuyesa mayesero angapo kuti athetse zina zomwe zingachitike. Ngati mayeserowa ali olakwika, atha kupereka mayesero ena kuti adziwe ngati matenda anu akuyamba chifukwa cha MS.

Komabe, luso la kulingalira komanso kupitiliza kafukufuku pa MS wamba kwatanthauza kusintha pakupezera ndi kuchiza MS.

Kodi zizindikiro za MS ndi ziti?

CNS imagwira ntchito ngati malo olumikizirana m'thupi lanu. Imatumiza zizindikiritso kuminyewa yanu kuti ziziyenda, ndipo thupi limatumiziranso zida kuti CNS izitanthauzire. Zizindikirozi zitha kuphatikizira mauthenga okhudza zomwe mukuwona kapena kumva, monga kukhudza malo otentha.

Kunja kwa ulusi wamitsempha womwe umanyamula zikwangwani pali kabokosi koteteza kotchedwa myelin (MY-uh-lin). Myelin imapangitsa kuti ulusi wamitsempha utenge mosavuta. Ndizofanana ndi momwe chingwe cha fiber-optic chimatha kuyendetsa mauthenga mwachangu kuposa chingwe chachikhalidwe.

Mukakhala ndi MS, thupi lanu limagunda myelin ndi maselo omwe amapanga myelin. Nthawi zina, thupi lanu limathanso kuwononga maselo amitsempha.

Zizindikiro za MS zimasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro zimabwera ndikupita.

Madokotala amati zizindikiro zina zimakhala zofala mwa anthu omwe amakhala ndi MS. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• chikhodzodzo ndi matumbo kukanika
• kukhumudwa
• kuvuta kuganiza, monga kukumbukira kukumbukira ndi mavuto kuyang'ana
• kuyenda movutikira, monga kutaya bwino
• chizungulire
• kutopa
• dzanzi kapena kumva kulira kwa nkhope kapena thupi
• ululu
• kufalikira kwa minofu
• mavuto owonera, kuphatikiza kusawona bwino ndi kupweteka ndikuyenda kwamaso
• kufooka, makamaka kufooka kwa minofu

Zizindikiro zochepa za MS zimaphatikizapo:

• mavuto opuma
• mutu
• kutaya kumva
• kuyabwa
• mavuto kumeza
• kugwidwa
• zovuta zolankhula, monga kusalankhula bwino
• kunjenjemera

Ngati muli ndi izi, kambiranani ndi dokotala.

Kodi njira yothetsera matenda a MS ndi yotani?

MS si mkhalidwe wokhawo womwe umabwera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa myelin. Palinso matenda ena omwe dokotala angaganizire mukamayesa MS yomwe ingaphatikizepo:

• Matenda osokoneza bongo, monga matenda a collagen vascular
• kukhudzana ndi mankhwala owopsa
• Matenda a Guillain-Barré
• mavuto obadwa nawo
• matenda opatsirana
• kusowa kwa vitamini B-12

Dokotala wanu ayamba ndikufunsani mbiri yanu yazachipatala ndikuwunika zomwe mukudziwa. Adzayesanso zomwe zingawathandize kuwunika momwe amagwirira ntchito amitsempha. Kuunika kwanu kwamitsempha kumaphatikizapo:

• kuyesa kulimba kwanu
• kukupenyani mukuyenda
• kuwunika momwe mumaganizira
• kuyesa masomphenya anu

Kuyezetsa magazi

Dokotala wanu amathanso kuyitanitsa kuyesa magazi. Izi ndikuti athetse zovuta zina zamankhwala komanso kuperewera kwama vitamini zomwe zingayambitse matenda anu.

Kutulutsa mayesero omwe angakhalepo

Mayeso omwe atulutsidwa (EP) ndi omwe amayesa zamagetsi zamagetsi. Ngati mayeso akuwonetsa zizindikilo za kuchepa kwa ubongo, izi zitha kuwonetsa MS.

Kuyesera EP kumaphatikizapo kuyika mawaya pamutu pamadera ena aubongo wanu. Kenako mudzakumana ndi kuwala, kumveka, kapena kumva zina pamene wofufuza amayesa mafunde amubongo wanu. Kuyesaku sikumva kuwawa.

Ngakhale pali mitundu ingapo ya EP, mtundu wovomerezeka kwambiri ndi EP yowoneka. Izi zimaphatikizapo kukupemphani kuti muwone chinsalu chomwe chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe osinthira, pomwe dotolo amayesa momwe ubongo wanu ungayankhire.

Kujambula kwamaginito (MRI)

Kujambula kwamaginito (MRI) kumatha kuwonetsa zotupa muubongo kapena msana zomwe ndizodziwika ndi matenda a MS. M'mayeso a MRI, zotupazi zimawoneka zoyera kwambiri kapena zakuda kwambiri.

Chifukwa mutha kukhala ndi zotupa paubongo pazifukwa zina, monga mutadwala sitiroko, dokotala wanu ayenera kuthana ndi izi asanapange matenda a MS.

MRI sikuphatikizira kuwonetsedwa kwa radiation ndipo siyopweteka. Sakanizani imagwiritsa ntchito maginito kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi mu mnofuwo. Nthawi zambiri myelin amathamangitsa madzi. Ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi MS wawononga myelin, madzi ambiri adzawonekera pa scan.

Lumbar kuboola (tapampopi)

Njirayi sigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kuti mupeze matenda a MS. Koma ndi imodzi mwazomwe zingachitike pofufuza. Kuboola lumbar kumaphatikizapo kuyika singano mumtsinje wamtsempha kuti mutulutse madzi.

Katswiri wa labotale amayesa msana wamtsempha kuti apeze ma antibodies ena omwe anthu omwe ali ndi MS amakonda kukhala nawo. Madzimadzi amathanso kuyesedwa ngati ali ndi matenda, zomwe zingathandize dokotala kuti atulutse MS.

Njira zodziwitsa

Madokotala amayenera kubwereza mayeso a MS kangapo asanatsimikizire kuti ali ndi matendawa. Izi ndichifukwa choti zizindikiro za MS zimatha kusintha. Amatha kuzindikira wina yemwe ali ndi MS ngati mfundo zoyesera zotsatirazi:

• Zizindikiro zimasonyeza kuti pali kuwonongeka kwa myelin mu CNS.
• Dokotala wazindikira zotupa zosachepera ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo m'magawo awiri kapena kupitilira apo a CNS kudzera pa MRI.
• Pali umboni wozikidwa pakuwunika kwakuthupi komwe CNS yakhudzidwa.
• Munthu wakhala ndi magawo awiri kapena kupitilira apo okhudzidwa ndi minyewa kwa tsiku limodzi, ndipo zidachitika patadutsa mwezi umodzi. Kapena, zizindikiro za munthu zapita patadutsa chaka chimodzi.
• Dotolo sangapeze tsatanetsatane wina wazizindikiro za munthuyo.

Njira zowunikira zasintha pazaka zambiri ndipo zikuyenera kupitilizabe kusintha ukadaulo watsopano ndikufufuza komwe kukubwera.

Zomwe zalandiridwa posachedwa zidasindikizidwa mu 2017 pomwe The International Panel on the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis idatulutsa izi.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zaposachedwa kwambiri pakuzindikira MS ndi chida chotchedwa optical coherence tomography (OCT). Chida ichi chimalola dokotala kupeza zithunzi zamitsempha yamagetsi yamunthu. Kuyesaku sikumva kupweteka ndipo kuli ngati kutenga chithunzi cha diso lako.

Madokotala amadziwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi MS amakonda kukhala ndi mitsempha yamawonedwe yomwe imawoneka yosiyana ndi anthu omwe alibe matendawa. OCT imaperekanso mwayi kwa dokotala kuti azitsatira thanzi la diso la munthu poyang'ana m'mitsempha yamawonedwe.

Kodi njira yodziwitsa matenda ndi yosiyana pamtundu uliwonse wa MS?

Madokotala azindikira mitundu ingapo ya MS. Mu 2013, idasinthanso mafotokozedwe amtunduwu kutengera kafukufuku watsopano ndi ukadaulo wosintha wazithunzi.

Ngakhale kuti matenda a MS ali ndi njira zoyambirira, kudziwa mtundu wa MS womwe munthu ali nawo ndi nkhani yotsata zidziwitso za MS pakapita nthawi. Kuti adziwe mtundu wa MS womwe munthu ali nawo, madokotala amayang'ana

• Ntchito ya MS
• chikhululukiro
• kukula kwa vutoli

Mitundu ya MS ndi iyi:

Kubwezeretsanso-MS

Akuti 85% ya anthu omwe ali ndi MS amayamba kupezeka kuti ali ndi MS yobwezeretsanso, yomwe imadziwika ndikubwezeretsanso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zizindikiro zatsopano za MS zimawonekera ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zizindikirazo.

Pafupifupi theka la zizindikilo zomwe zimachitika pakubwerera m'mbuyo zimasiya zovuta zina, koma izi zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Pakukhululukidwa, vuto la munthu silikuipiraipira.

Kupita patsogolo kwa MS

National MS society akuti pafupifupi 15% ya anthu omwe ali ndi MS ali ndi MS yopita patsogolo. Omwe ali ndi mtundu uwu amakumana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikilo, nthawi zambiri amabwereranso pang'ono ndikuchotsedweratu pomwe adapezeka.

MS yopita patsogolo yachiwiri

Anthu omwe ali ndi MS yamtunduwu amakhala ndi zovuta zoyambiranso kukhululukidwa, ndipo zizindikilo zimawonjezeka pakapita nthawi.

Matenda opatsirana pogonana (CIS)

Dokotala amatha kudziwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda am'magazi (CIS) ngati ali ndi vuto la mitsempha yokhudzana ndi MS yomwe imatha maola 24. Zizindikirozi zimaphatikizapo kutupa ndi kuwonongeka kwa myelin.

Kukhala ndi gawo limodzi lokha lokumana ndi chizindikiro chokhudzana ndi MS sizitanthauza kuti munthu apitiliza kukhala ndi MS.

Komabe, ngati zotsatira za MRI za munthu yemwe ali ndi CIS zikuwonetsa kuti atha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga MS, malangizo atsopanowa amalimbikitsa kuyambitsa mankhwala osintha matenda.

Tengera kwina

Malinga ndi National MS Society, malangizowa atha kuchepetsa kuyambika kwa MS mwa anthu omwe zizindikiro zawo zimadziwika koyambirira kwambiri.