Mycobacterium TB

Zamkati

• Chidule
• Zimayambitsa chiyani?
• Mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu kudzera mwa Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
• Kutumiza ndi zizindikiro
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?
• Kodi amapezeka bwanji?
• Zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse kuwonekera
• Kutenga

Chidule

Mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu (M. chifuwa chachikulu) ndi bakiteriya omwe amachititsa chifuwa chachikulu (TB) mwa anthu. TB ndi matenda omwe amakhudza kwambiri mapapu, ngakhale atha kuwukira mbali zina za thupi. Imafalikira ngati chimfine kapena chimfine - kudzera m'madontho othamangitsidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi TB yopatsirana.

Akapuma, bakiteriya amatha kukhazikika m'mapapu, momwe amayamba kukula. Ngati sichichiritsidwa, imafalikira kumadera monga impso, msana, ndi ubongo. Zitha kupha moyo.

Malinga ndi a, anthu opitilira 9,000 a TB adanenedwa ku United States mu 2017.

Zimayambitsa chiyani?

Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amakhala M. chifuwa chachikulu. Malingana ndi, mmodzi mwa anayi mwa anthu padziko lapansi ali ndi bakiteriya, koma si onse omwe amadwala.

M'malo mwake, okhawo omwe ali ndi bakiteriya ndi omwe amakhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha TB m'moyo wawo wonse. Izi zimachitika m'mapapo mukawonongeka kale ndi matenda monga matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD) ndi cystic fibrosis kapena kusuta.

Anthu amakhalanso ndi TB mosavuta chitetezo cha mthupi chawo chikangofooka. Mwachitsanzo, omwe amalandira chemotherapy ya khansa, kapena omwe ali ndi HIV, atha kukhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka. CDC imati TB ndi imfa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV.

Mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu kudzera mwa Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

Ngakhale onse awiri M. chifuwa chachikulu ndipo Mycobacterium avium zovuta zimatha kuyambitsa matenda am'mapapo, nthawi zambiri okhala ndi zizindikiro zofananira, sizofanana.

M. chifuwa chachikulu amayambitsa TB. MAC nthawi zina imatha kuyambitsa matenda am'mapapo, monga matenda opatsirana am'mapapo, koma samayambitsa TB. Ndi mbali ya gulu la mabakiteriya omwe amadziwika kuti NTM (nontuberculous mycobacteria).

M. chifuwa chachikulu imafalikira mlengalenga. MAC ndi bakiteriya wamba yemwe amapezeka makamaka m'madzi ndi nthaka. Mutha kutenga izi mukamwa kapena kusamba ndi madzi owonongeka kapena kugwira nthaka kapena kudya chakudya chokhala ndi tinthu tomwe tili ndi MAC.

Kutumiza ndi zizindikiro

Mutha kupeza M. chifuwa chachikulu mukamapuma madontho otulutsidwa kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana a TB. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi monga:

• chifuwa choipa, chosachedwa
• kutsokomola magazi
• kupweteka pachifuwa
• malungo
• kutopa
• thukuta usiku
• kuonda

Munthu atha kukhala ndi bakiteriya koma osakhala ndi zisonyezo. Pankhaniyi, sizopatsirana. Matenda amtunduwu amatchedwa TB Yobisika.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2016, 98% ya milandu imafalikira kuchokera ku chifuwa cha munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana. Madontho amenewa amathanso kuwuluka munthu akamayetsemula kapena kuyankhula.

TB, komabe, sikophweka kugwira. Malinga ndi CDC, simungathe kuigwirana chanza, kumwa m'galasi lomwelo, kapena kudutsa munthu yemwe ali ndi TB yemwe akutsokomola.

M'malo mwake, bakiteriya amafalikira ndikulumikizana kwanthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, kugawana nyumba kapena kuyenda galimoto yayitali ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana kumatha kukupangitsani kuti muigwire.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Ngakhale chifuwa chachikulu chikuyamba kuchepa ku United States, sichingafafanizidwe. Kukhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kapena mapapo ndi chiopsezo chotenga TB.

Ndichinthu choopsa kuti posachedwapa wapatsidwa TB. CDC imanena kuti za anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu ku TB ku United States chifukwa chofalikira kwaposachedwa.

Malinga ndi a, omwe atsegulidwa posachedwa ndi awa:

• kuyandikira kwambiri kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi TB yopatsirana
• munthu amene akugwira ntchito kapena amakhala ndi anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka TB (komwe kumaphatikizapo anthu omwe amagwira ntchito muzipatala, malo osowa pokhala, kapena malo owongolera)
• munthu amene wasamuka kuchokera kudziko lina ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chifuwa chachikulu
• mwana wosakwanitsa zaka zisanu akuyesedwa ndi TB

Kodi amapezeka bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu cha TB kapena muli pachiwopsezo, dokotala wanu atha kuyitanitsa mayeso omwe angawonekere M. chifuwa chachikulu. Mayesowa atha kuphatikiza:

• Kuyesa kwa khungu la Mantoux tuberculin (TST). Puloteni wotchedwa tuberculin amabayidwa pansi pa khungu la mkono. Ngati mwadwala ndi M. chifuwa chachikulu, zomwe zimachitika zimachitika patadutsa maola 72 kuchokera poyesedwa.
• Kuyezetsa magazi. Izi zimayesa chitetezo chanu chamthupi M. chifuwa chachikulu.

Kuyesaku kumangowonetsa ngati mwapezeka ndi bakiteriya wa TB, osati ngati muli ndi vuto la TB. Kuti mudziwe kuti dokotala akhoza kuyitanitsa:

• X-ray pachifuwa. Izi zimathandiza adotolo kuti ayang'ane mitundu yamatenda yomwe TB imatulutsa.
• Chikhalidwe cha Sputum. Sputum ndi mamasukidwe amtundu ndi malovu omwe adakhosomola kuchokera m'mapapu anu.

Zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse kuwonekera

Anthu - ngakhale omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino - akutsokomola ndi kuyetsemula. Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chopeza M. chifuwa chachikulu komanso ma virus ndi mabakiteriya ambiri, tsatirani malangizo awa:

• Samalirani thanzi lanu. Idyani chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi. Kugona maola asanu ndi awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu usiku. Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
• Sungani nyumba yanu ndi ofesi yanu mpweya wabwino. Izi zitha kuthandiza kumwaza madontho aliwonse omwe ali ndi kachilombo, otulutsidwa.
• Finyani kapena kutsokomola mu minofu. Langizani ena kuti nawonso atero.

Ganiziraninso zokambirana ndi dokotala wanu za katemera wa TB. Cholinga chake ndikuteteza kupewa TB ndikupewa kufalikira kwa TB kwa iwo omwe awonekera.

Komabe, mphamvu ya katemera wa chifuwa chachikulu cha TB imasinthasintha, ndipo m'maiko ambiri otukuka kumene chifuwa chachikulu sichachilendo, palibe chifukwa chomupatsira.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zabwino ndi zoyipa zakulandila. Ngati mukuyenda kudera lomwe muli TB yambiri, kapena mukukumana nawo pafupipafupi, zingakhale zomveka.

Kutenga

Malinga ndi CDC, TB idapha anthu ku United States ndi Europe koyambirira kwa ma 1900. Mwamwayi, zasintha. Masiku ano, matenda ndi M. chifuwa chachikulu ndi osowa mwa anthu athanzi ku United States.

Zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa iwo omwe asokoneza chitetezo cha mthupi ndi mapapo ofooka chifukwa cha matenda kapena kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Ogwira ntchito zaumoyo nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Mabakiteriya amapatsirana munthu kupita kwa munthu kudzera kupumira m'madontho omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. N'zothekanso kutenga matenda pamene bakiteriya imadutsa pakhungu kapena ntchofu.

Matenda omwe M. chifuwa chachikulu zokolola zitha kupha. Koma lero, mankhwala abwino - kuphatikiza maantibayotiki isoniazid ndi rifampin - amapereka chithandizo choyenera.