Matenda ashuga: zomwe zili, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• 1. zotumphukira za m'mitsempha
• 2. Autonomic neuropathy
• 3. Proximal neuropathy
• 4. Matenda a m'maganizo
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Momwe mungapewere matenda amitsempha

Matenda a shuga ndi amodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za matenda ashuga, omwe amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa mitsempha, komwe kumatha kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kapena kupangitsa kuwonekera kwa zowawa m'malo osiyanasiyana amthupi, kukhala wofala kumapeto monga manja kapena mapazi.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amisala amapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu omwe samachiza mokwanira matenda ashuga, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi shuga wambiri wamagazi, omwe amawononga mitsempha pang'onopang'ono.

Kukula kwa zotumphukira kwa mitsempha kumatha kuchepa, popanda zizindikilo kumayambiliro, koma pakapita nthawi kupweteka, kumva kulira, kuyaka kapena kutayika kwadzidzidzi mdera lomwe lakhudzidwa kumatha kuwoneka.

Matenda a shuga alibe mankhwala, koma kusinthika kwake kumatha kuwongoleredwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga komanso kuchepetsa ululu wamitsempha. Dziwani zambiri za momwe kupweteka kwamitsempha kumathandizidwira.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Matenda a shuga amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo amatha kuzindikirika mpaka zizindikilo zowopsa ziwonekere. Zizindikiro zimasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa matenda amitsempha:

1. zotumphukira za m'mitsempha

Peripheral neuropathy amadziwika ndi kutengapo gawo kwa mitsempha yotumphukira, kukhala mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri zimayambira kumapazi ndi miyendo, kenako manja ndi mikono. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeka usiku ndipo zimaphatikizapo:

• Dzanzi kapena kumva kulasalasa zala kapena kumapazi;
• Kuchepetsa kutha kumva kupweteka kapena kusintha kutentha;
• Kutentha;
• Ululu kapena kukokana;
• Kuzindikira kwakukulu kukhudza;
• Kutaya kukhudza;
• Minofu kufooka;
• Kutayika kwa malingaliro, makamaka chidendene cha Achilles;
• Kutaya malire;
• Kutaya kwa kugwirizanitsa magalimoto;
• Kupunduka ndi kupweteka pamfundo.

Kuphatikiza apo, zotumphukira za m'mitsempha zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu phazi, monga phazi la ashuga, lodziwika ndi zilonda kapena matenda. Kumvetsetsa bwino lomwe phazi la ashuga ndi momwe angachitire.

2. Autonomic neuropathy

Autonomic neuropathy imakhudza dongosolo lodziyimira palokha lamanjenje lomwe limayang'anira ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwira ntchito mosadalira, monga mtima, chikhodzodzo, m'mimba, matumbo, ziwalo zogonana ndi maso.

Zizindikiro za matenda amitsempha zimadalira dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndikuphatikizira:

• Kupezeka kwa zizindikilo za hypoglycemia, monga kusokonezeka, chizungulire, njala, kunjenjemera kapena kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito;
• Kudzimbidwa kapena kutsegula m'mimba;
• Nseru, kusanza, kuvuta kugaya kapena kuvutika kumeza;
• Kuuma kumaliseche;
• Kulephera kwa Erectile;
• Kuchulukitsa kapena kuchepetsa kutulutsa thukuta;
• Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi komwe kumatha kuyambitsa chizungulire poyimirira;
• Kumverera kwa mtima wothamanga, ngakhale mutayima chilili;
• Mavuto a chikhodzodzo monga kufunikira kukodza pafupipafupi kapena kufunikira kukodza mwachangu, kusadziletsa kwamikodzo kapena matenda am'mikodzo pafupipafupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, kudziyimira pawokha pawokha kumatha kubweretsa zovuta pakusintha kwa kuwala m'malo amdima.

3. Proximal neuropathy

Proximal neuropathy, yotchedwanso matenda a shuga amyotrophy kapena radiculopathy, imakonda kwambiri okalamba ndipo imatha kukhudza mitsempha ya ntchafu, ntchafu, matako kapena miyendo, kuphatikiza pamimba ndi pachifuwa.

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimachitika mbali imodzi ya thupi, koma zimatha kufalikira mbali inayo ndikuphatikizira:

• Kupweteka kwambiri m'chiuno ndi ntchafu kapena matako;
• Kuwawa kwam'mimba;
• Kufooka mu minofu ya ntchafu;
• Zovuta kudzuka pamalo pomwe mwakhala;
• Kutupa m'mimba;
• Kuchepetsa thupi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la neuropathy omwe ali ndi proximal amathanso kukhala ndi phazi lotsika kapena lopindika, ngati kuti phazi limamasuka, lomwe lingayambitse kuyenda kapena kugwa.

4. Matenda a m'maganizo

Matenda a minyewa, omwe amatchedwanso mononeuropathy, amadziwika ndi kutengapo gawo kwa mitsempha m'manja, kumapazi, miyendo, thunthu kapena mutu.

Zizindikiro zimadalira mitsempha yomwe yakhudzidwa ndikuphatikizapo:

• Kutayika kwadzidzidzi m'dera la mitsempha yomwe yakhudzidwa;
• Kupindika kapena dzanzi m'manja kapena zala chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwa mitsempha ya ulnar;
• Kufooka kwa dzanja lomwe lakhudzidwa, komwe kumapangitsa kukhala kovuta kunyamula zinthu;
• Kupweteka kunja kwa mwendo kapena kufooka chala chachikulu, chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwa mitsempha yokhayokha;
• Kufa ziwalo mbali imodzi ya nkhope, yotchedwa palsy ya Bell;
• Mavuto amawonedwe monga kulephera kuyang'ana chinthu kapena masomphenya awiri;
• Ululu kumbuyo kwa diso;

Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikilo zina, monga kupweteka, kufooka, kumva kulira kapena kuwotcha chala chachikulu, chala cholozera chala ndi chala chapakati, zitha kuchitika chifukwa chothinana kwamitsempha yapakatikati, yomwe imadutsa m'manja ndikugwedeza manja, ndikuzindikira njira ya carpal matenda. Dziwani zambiri za Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga amisala kumapangidwa ndi endocrinologist ndipo kutengera zizindikilo zomwe zimaperekedwa komanso mbiri ya matendawa. Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo amayenera kuwunika mthupi kuti awone mphamvu ndi kamvekedwe ka minofu, kuyesa tendon reflex ndikuwunika kukhudzika kwakukhudza ndikusintha kwa kutentha, monga kuzizira ndi kutentha.

Dokotala amathanso kupanga kapena kuyitanitsa mayesero ena kuti atsimikizire matendawa, monga kuyesa kwa mitsempha, komwe kumawunikira momwe mitsempha m'manja ndi miyendo imagwirira ntchito ma siginolo amagetsi, ma electroneuromyography, omwe amayesa kutulutsa kwamagetsi komwe kumatuluka mu minofu, kapena kudziyimira pawokha kuyesa, komwe kungachitike kuti mudziwe kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kutsogozedwa ndi endocrinologist ndipo amachitidwa nthawi zambiri kuti athetse zisonyezo, kupewa zovuta ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi matendawa amaphatikizapo mankhwala monga:

• Zotsutsana, monga jakisoni wa insulini kapena kumwa ma antidiabetics pakamwa kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi;
• Ma anticonvulsants, monga pregabalin kapena gabapentin kuti athetse ululu;
• Matenda opatsirana, monga amitriptyline, imipramine, duloxetine kapena venlafaxine yomwe imathandiza kuthetsa ululu wofatsa mpaka pang'ono;
• Opioid analgesics Kutengedwa pakamwa, monga tramadol, morphine, oxycodone kapena methadone, kapena chigamba, monga transdermal fentanyl kapena transdermal buprenorphine.

Nthawi zina, antidepressant itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi anticonvulsant kapena mankhwalawa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi othandizira kupweteka kuti athetse ululu.

Kuphatikiza apo, pothana ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga, chisamaliro ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana chitha kukhala chofunikira, monga urologist wothandizira mavuto am'mitsempha, ndimankhwala omwe amayang'anira ntchito ya chikhodzodzo kapena njira zothetsera vuto la erectile, mwachitsanzo, kapena katswiri wamtima wolamulira kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikupewa matenda ashuga a mtima. Dziwani kuti matenda ashuga a mtima ndi chiyani komanso momwe mungamuthandizire.

Momwe mungapewere matenda amitsempha

Matenda a shuga amatha kupewedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi kumayang'aniridwa bwino. Kuti muchite izi, izi ndi monga:

• Kutsata pafupipafupi kuchipatala;
• Onetsetsani kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi kunyumba ndi glucometers, malinga ndi upangiri wa zamankhwala;
• Kumwa mankhwala kapena jekeseni wa insulini, malinga ndi momwe adanenera;
• Yesetsani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse monga kuyenda pang'ono, kusambira kapena madzi othamangitsa, mwachitsanzo.

Muyeneranso kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimaphatikizapo ulusi wabwino, mapuloteni ndi mafuta, komanso kupewa zakudya zokhala ndi shuga wambiri monga makeke, zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi kapena makeke. Onani momwe mungadyere matenda ashuga.