Chithandizo Chatsopano ndi Chatsopano cha COPD

Zamkati

• Ma bronchodilator azaka zambiri
• Bronchodilators achidule
• Anticholinergic Inhalers
• Kuphatikiza inhalers
• Mankhwala apakamwa
• Opaleshoni
• Bullectomy
• Kuchita opaleshoni yochepetsa voliyumu
• Opaleshoni yamavuto a Endobronchial
• Chithandizo chamtsogolo cha COPD
• Tengera kwina

Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD) ndi matenda otupa am'mapapo omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azivutika kupuma, kuchuluka kwa ntchofu, kulimba pachifuwa, kupuma, komanso kutsokomola.

Palibe mankhwala a COPD, koma chithandizo cha vutoli chingakuthandizeni kuwongolera ndikukhala ndi moyo wautali. Choyamba, muyenera kusiya kusuta ngati mukusuta. Dokotala wanu amathanso kukupatsani bronchodilator, yomwe imatha kukhala yayifupi kapena yayitali. Mankhwalawa amatsitsimutsa minofu mozungulira njira yanu yothana ndi matenda.

Muthanso kuwona kusintha ndi mankhwala owonjezera monga ma inhaled steroids, oral steroids, ndi maantibayotiki, komanso mankhwala ena atsopano ndi atsopano a COPD.

Opumira

Ma bronchodilator azaka zambiri

Ma bronchodilators omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza tsiku lililonse kuti athetse vuto. Mankhwalawa amachepetsa zizindikiritso ndikumatsitsimula minofu yomwe ili mlengalenga ndikuchotsa ntchofu m'mapapu.

Ma bronchodilator omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali akuphatikizapo salmeterol, formoterol, vilanterol, ndi olodaterol.

Indacaterol (Arcapta) ndi bronchodilator watsopano watsopano. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) idavomereza mankhwalawa mu 2011. Amathandizira kutsekeka kwamlengalenga komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi COPD.

Indacaterol amatengedwa kamodzi tsiku lililonse. Zimagwira ntchito polimbikitsa ma enzyme omwe amathandiza maselo am'mapapu anu kupumula. Imayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu, ndipo zotsatira zake zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali.

Izi ndizosankha ngati mungakhale ndi mpweya wochepa kapena kupuma ndi ena omwe amakhala ndi ma bronchodilator a nthawi yayitali. Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizira kukhosomola, mphuno, mutu, mseru, ndi mantha.

Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni bronchodilator yanthawi yayitali ngati muli ndi COPD ndi mphumu.

Bronchodilators achidule

Ma bronchodilator achidule, omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa Rescue inhalers, sagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse. Ma inhalers awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakufunika ndikupereka mpumulo mwachangu mukakhala ndi vuto lakupuma.

Mitundu iyi ya bronchodilators ndi albuterol (Ventolin HFA), metaproterenol (Alupent), ndi levalbuterol (Xopenex).

Anticholinergic Inhalers

Anticholinergic inhaler ndi mtundu wina wa bronchodilator yochizira COPD. Zimathandizanso kuti minofu isamamirike mozungulira ma airways.

Amapezeka ngati inhaler ya metered-inhaler, komanso mawonekedwe amadzimadzi a nebulizers. Izi inhalers zitha kukhala zazifupi kapena zanthawi yayitali. Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni anticholinergic ngati muli ndi COPD ndi mphumu.

Anticholinergic inhalers amaphatikizapo tiotropium (Spiriva), ipratropium, aclidinium (Tudorza), ndi umeclidinium (yomwe imapezeka pophatikizana).

Kuphatikiza inhalers

Steroids amathanso kuchepetsa kutukusira kwa mlengalenga. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu ena omwe ali ndi COPD amagwiritsa ntchito bronchodilator inhaler limodzi ndi steroid yopumira. Koma kutsatira omwe ali ndi inhalers awiri kungakhale kovuta.

Ena mwa inhalers atsopano amaphatikiza mankhwala a bronchodilator ndi steroid. Izi zimatchedwa kuphatikiza inhalers.

Mitundu ina ya ma inhalers ophatikizana ilipo, nawonso. Mwachitsanzo, ena amaphatikiza mankhwala a ma bronchodilator a kanthawi kochepa ndi anticholinergic inhalers kapena ma bronchodilator omwe atenga nthawi yayitali ndi anticholinergic inhalers.

Palinso mankhwala opumira katatu a COPD otchedwa fluticasone / umeclidinium / vilanterol (Trelegy Ellipta). Mankhwalawa amaphatikiza mankhwala atatu a COPD a nthawi yayitali.

Mankhwala apakamwa

Roflumilast (Daliresp) imathandizira kuchepa kwamatenda apaulendo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD yoopsa. Mankhwalawa amathanso kuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu, pang'onopang'ono kukonza magwiridwe antchito.

Roflumilast ndi makamaka ya anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yazowopsa za COPD. Si aliyense.

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingachitike ndi roflumilast zimaphatikizapo kutsegula m'mimba, mseru, kupweteka msana, chizungulire, kuchepa kwa njala, komanso kupweteka mutu.

Opaleshoni

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi COPD yovuta pamapeto pake amafunika kumuika m'mapapo. Njirayi ndiyofunikira pakakhala kuti kupuma kumakhala koopsa.

Kuika m'mapapo kumachotsa mapapo owonongeka ndikuikapo wopereka wathanzi. Komabe, pali mitundu ina ya njira zomwe zachitika pochiza COPD. Mutha kukhala woyenera mtundu wina wa opareshoni.

Bullectomy

COPD imatha kuwononga matumba amlengalenga m'mapapu anu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa malo ampweya otchedwa bullae. Pamene malo ampweyawa amakula kapena kukula, kupuma kumakhala kotsika komanso kovuta.

Bullectomy ndi njira yochitira opaleshoni yomwe imachotsa matumba owonongeka. Ikhoza kuchepetsa kupuma komanso kukonza mapapu.

Kuchita opaleshoni yochepetsa voliyumu

COPD imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwamapapu, komwe kumathandizanso pamavuto opumira. Malinga ndi American Lung Association, opaleshoniyi imachotsa pafupifupi 30% ya minofu yamapapu yowonongeka kapena yodwala.

Ndi magawo owonongeka atachotsedwa, diaphragm yanu imatha kugwira ntchito bwino, ndikulola kuti mupume mosavuta.

Opaleshoni yamavuto a Endobronchial

Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi emphysema, mawonekedwe a COPD.

Ndi opaleshoni ya endobronchial valve, ma valavu ang'onoang'ono a Zephyr amaikidwa munjira zamphepo kuti aletse mbali zowonongeka zamapapu. Izi zimachepetsa hyperinflation, kulola magawo athanzi m'mapapu anu kugwira bwino ntchito.

Kuchita ma valavu kumachepetsanso kupanikizika kwa chifundacho ndikuchepetsa kupuma.

Chithandizo chamtsogolo cha COPD

COPD ndichikhalidwe chomwe chimakhudza anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Madokotala ndi ofufuza akugwirabe ntchito popanga mankhwala ndi njira zatsopano zopumira kupuma kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vutoli.

Mayesero azachipatala akuwunika momwe mankhwala azachipatala amagwirira ntchito pochiza COPD. Biologics ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amayang'ana komwe kumayambitsa kutupa.

Mayesero ena afufuza mankhwala otchedwa anti-interleukin 5 (IL-5). Mankhwalawa amalimbana ndi kutsekeka kwamayendedwe am'mlengalenga. Zakhala zikudziwika kuti anthu ena omwe ali ndi COPD ali ndi eosinophil ambiri, mtundu wina wama cell oyera. Mankhwalawa amatha kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma eosinophil amwazi, kupereka mpumulo ku COPD.

Kafufuzidwe kena kofunikira, komabe. Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala a biologic omwe amavomerezedwa kuchipatala COPD.

Mayesero azachipatala akuwunikiranso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a stem cell pochizira COPD. Ngati avomerezedwa mtsogolo, mankhwalawa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzanso minofu yam'mapapo ndikusintha kuwonongeka kwamapapu.

Tengera kwina

COPD imatha kukhala yaying'ono mpaka yovuta. Chithandizo chanu chidzadalira kuopsa kwa zizindikiro zanu. Ngati mankhwala azachikhalidwe kapena oyamba mzere sakusintha COPD yanu, lankhulani ndi dokotala. Mutha kukhala ofuna kulandira chithandizo chowonjezera kapena chithandizo chatsopano.